Part 6 out of 9Chaucer. Blithesome (?), a. Cheery; gay; merry. The blithesome sounds of wassail gay. Sir W. Scott. Blithesomely, adv. Blithesomeness, n. Blive (?), adv. [A contraction of Belive.] Quickly; forthwith. [Obs.] Chaucer. Blizzard (?), n. [Cf. Blaze to flash. Formerly, in local use, a rattling volley; cf. to blaze away to fire away.] A gale of piercingly cold wind, usually accompanied with fine and blinding snow; a furious blast. [U. S.] Bloat (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bloated; p. pr. & vb. n. Bloating.] [Cf. Icel. blotna to become soft, blautr soft, wet, Sw. blt soft, blta to soak; akin to G. bloss bare, and AS. blet wretched; or perh. fr. root of Eng. 5th blow. Cf. Blote.] 1. To make turgid, as with water or air; to cause a swelling of the surface of, from effusion of serum in the cellular tissue, producing a morbid enlargement, often accompanied with softness. 2. To inflate; to puff up; to make vain. Dryden. Bloat, v. i. To grow turgid as by effusion of liquid in the cellular tissue; to puff out; to swell. Arbuthnot. Bloat, a. Bloated. [R.] Shak. Bloat, n. A term of contempt for a worthless, dissipated fellow. [Slang] Bloat, v. t. To dry (herrings) in smoke. See Blote. Bloated (?), p. a. Distended beyond the natural or usual size, as by the presence of water, serum, etc.; turgid; swollen; as, a bloated face. Also, puffed up with pride; pompous. Bloatedness, n. The state of being bloated. Bloater (?), n. [See Bloat, Blote.] The common herring, esp. when of large size, smoked, and half dried; called also bloat herring. Blob (?), n. [See Bleb.] 1. Something blunt and round; a small drop or lump of something viscid or thick; a drop; a bubble; a blister. Wright. 2. (Zol.) A small freshwater fish (Uranidea Richardsoni); the miller's thumb. Blobber (?), n. [See Blubber, Blub.] A bubble; blubber. [Low] T. Carew. Blobber lip, a thick, protruding lip. His blobber lips and beetle brows commend. Dryden. Blobberlipped (?), a. Having thick lips. A blobberlipped shell. Grew. Blocage (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) The roughest and cheapest sort of rubblework, in masonry. Block (?), n. [OE. blok; cf. F. bloc (fr. OHG.), D. & Dan. blok, Sw. & G. block, OHG. bloch. There is also an OHG. bloch, biloh; bi by + the same root as that of E. lock. Cf. Block, v. t., Blockade, and see Lock.] 1. A piece of wood more or less bulky; a solid mass of wood, stone, etc., usually with one or more plane, or approximately plane, faces; as, a block on which a butcher chops his meat; a block by which to mount a horse; children's playing blocks, etc. Now all our neighbors' chimneys smoke, And Christmas blocks are burning. Wither. All her labor was but as a block Left in the quarry. Tennyson. 2. The solid piece of wood on which condemned persons lay their necks when they are beheaded. Noble heads which have been brought to the block. E. Everett. 3. The wooden mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped. Hence: The pattern on shape of a hat. He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat; it ever changes with the next block. Shak. 4. A large or long building divided into separate houses or shops, or a number of houses or shops built in contact with each other so as to form one building; a row of houses or shops. 5. A square, or portion of a city inclosed by streets, whether occupied by buildings or not. The new city was laid out in rectangular blocks, each block containing thirty building lots. Such an average block, comprising 282 houses and covering nine acres of ground, exists in Oxford Street. Lond. Quart. Rev. 6. A grooved pulley or sheave incased in a frame or shell which is provided with a hook, eye, or strap, by which it may be attached to an object. It is used to change the direction of motion, as in raising a heavy object that can not be conveniently reached, and also, when two or more such sheaves are compounded, to change the rate of motion, or to exert increased force; used especially in the rigging of ships, and in tackles. 7. (Falconry) The perch on which a bird of prey is kept. 8. Any obstruction, or cause of obstruction; a stop; a hindrance; an obstacle; as, a block in the way. 9. A piece of box or other wood for engravers' work. 10. (Print.) A piece of hard wood (as mahogany or cherry) on which a stereotype or electrotype plate is mounted to make it type high. 11. A blockhead; a stupid fellow; a dolt. [Obs.] What a block art thou ! Shak. 12. A section of a railroad where the block system is used. See Block system, below. A block of shares (Stock Exchange), a large number of shares in a stock company, sold in a lump. Bartlett. Block printing. (a) A mode of printing (common in China and Japan) from engraved boards by means of a sheet of paper laid on the linked surface and rubbed with a brush. S. W. Williams. (b) A method of printing cotton cloth and paper hangings with colors, by pressing them upon an engraved surface coated with coloring matter. Block system on railways, a system by which the track is divided into sections of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the guidance of electric signals that no train enters a section or block before the preceding train has left it. Block (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blocking.] [Cf. F. bloquer, fr. bloc block. See Block, n.] 1. To obstruct so as to prevent passage or progress; to prevent passage from, through, or into, by obstructing the way; used both of persons and things; often followed by up; as, to block up a road or harbor. With moles ... would block the port. Rowe. A city ... besieged and blocked about. Milton. 2. To secure or support by means of blocks; to secure, as two boards at their angles of intersection, by pieces of wood glued to each. 3. To shape on, or stamp with, a block; as, to block a hat. To block out, to begin to reduce to shape; to mark out roughly; to lay out; as, to block out a plan. Blockade (?), n. [Cf. It. bloccata. See Block, v. t. ] 1. The shutting up of a place by troops or ships, with the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the reception of supplies; as, the blockade of the ports of an enemy. Blockade is now usually applied to an investment with ships or vessels, while siege is used of an investment by land forces. To constitute a blockade, the investing power must be able to apply its force to every point of practicable access, so as to render it dangerous to attempt to enter; and there is no blockade of that port where its force can not be brought to bear. Kent. 2. An obstruction to passage. To raise a blockade. See under Raise. Blockade, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blockaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Blockading.] 1. To shut up, as a town or fortress, by investing it with troops or vessels or war for the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the introduction of supplies. See note under Blockade, n. Blockaded the place by sea. Gilpin. 2. Hence, to shut in so as to prevent egress. Till storm and driving ice blockade him there. Wordsworth. 3. To obstruct entrance to or egress from. Huge bales of British cloth blockade the door. Pope. Blockader (?), n. 1. One who blockades. 2. (Naut.) A vessel employed in blockading. Blockage (?), n. The act of blocking up; the state of being blocked up. Block book (?). A book printed from engraved wooden blocks instead of movable types. Blockhead (?), n. [Block + head.] A stupid fellow; a dolt; a person deficient in understanding. The bookful blockhead, ignorantly read, With loads of learned lumber in his head. Pope. Blockheaded, a. Stupid; dull. Blockheadism (?), n. That which characterizes a blockhead; stupidity. Carlyle. Blockhouse (?), n. [Block + house: cf. G. blockhaus.] 1. (Mil.) An edifice or structure of heavy timbers or logs for military defense, having its sides loopholed for musketry, and often an upper story projecting over the lower, or so placed upon it as to have its sides make an angle wit the sides of the lower story, thus enabling the defenders to fire downward, and in all directions; formerly much used in America and Germany. 2. A house of squared logs. [West. & South. U. S.] Blocking, n. 1. The act of obstructing, supporting, shaping, or stamping with a block or blocks. 2. Blocks used to support (a building, etc.) temporarily. Blocking course (?). (Arch.) The finishing course of a wall showing above a cornice. Blockish, a. Like a block; deficient in understanding; stupid; dull. Blockish Ajax. Shak. Blockishly, adv. Blockishness, n. Blocklike (?), a. Like a block; stupid. Block tin (?). See under Tin. Bloedite (?), n. [From the chemist Blde.] (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of magnesium and sodium. Blomary (?), n. See Bloomery. Bloncket, Blonket (?), a. [OF. blanquet whitish, dim. of blanc white. Cf. Blanket.] Gray; bluish gray. [Obs.] Our bloncket liveries been all too sad. Spenser. Blond, Blonde (?), a. [F., fair, light, of uncertain origin; cf. AS. blondenfeax grayhaired, old, prop. blendedhaired, as a mixture of white and brown or black. See Blend, v. t.] Of a fair color; lightcolored; as, blond hair; a blond complexion. Blonde (?), n. [F.] 1. A person of very fair complexion, with light hair and light blue eyes. [Written also blond.] 2. [So called from its color.] A kind of silk lace originally of the color of raw silk, now sometimes dyed; called also blond lace. Blond metal (?). A variety of clay ironstone, in Staffordshire, England, used for making tools. Blondness, n. The state of being blond. G. Eliot. Blood (?), n. [OE. blod, blood, AS. bl?d; akin to D. bloed, OHG. bluot, G. blut, Goth, bl??, Sw. & Dan. blod; prob. fr. the same root as E. blow to bloom. See Blow to bloom.] 1. The fluid which circulates in the principal vascular system of animals, carrying nourishment to all parts of the body, and bringing away waste products to be excreted. See under Arterial. The blood consists of a liquid, the plasma, containing minute particles, the blood corpuscles. In the invertebrate animals it is usually nearly colorless, and contains only one kind of corpuscles; but in all vertebrates, except Amphioxus, it contains some colorless corpuscles, with many more which are red and give the blood its uniformly red color. See Corpuscle, Plasma. 2. Relationship by descent from a common ancestor; consanguinity; kinship. To share the blood of Saxon royalty. Sir W. Scott. A friend of our own blood. Waller. Half blood (Law), relationship through only one parent. Whole blood, relationship through both father and mother. In American Law, blood includes both half blood, and whole blood. Bouvier. Peters. 3. Descent; lineage; especially, honorable birth; the highest royal lineage. Give us a prince of blood, a son of Priam. Shak. I am a gentleman of blood and breeding. Shak. 4. (Stock Breeding) Descent from parents of recognized breed; excellence or purity of breed. In stock breeding half blood is descent showing one half only of pure breed. Blue blood, full blood, or warm blood, is the same as blood. 5. The fleshy nature of man. Nor gives it satisfaction to our blood. Shak. 6. The shedding of blood; the taking of life, murder; manslaughter; destruction. So wills the fierce, avenging sprite, Till blood for blood atones. Hood. 7. A bloodthirsty or murderous disposition. [R.] He was a thing of blood, whose every motion Was timed with dying cries. Shak. 8. Temper of mind; disposition; state of the passions; as if the blood were the seat of emotions. When you perceive his blood inclined to mirth. Shak. Often, in this sense, accompanied with bad, cold, warm, or other qualifying word. Thus, to commit an act in cold blood, is to do it deliberately, and without sudden passion; to do it in bad blood, is to do it in anger. Warm blood denotes a temper inflamed or irritated. To warm or heat the blood is to excite the passions. Qualified by up, excited feeling or passion is signified; as, my blood was up. 9. A man of fire or spirit; a fiery spark; a gay, showy man; a rake. Seest thou not ... how giddily 'a turns about all the hot bloods between fourteen and five and thirty? Shak. It was the morning costume of a dandy or blood. Thackeray. 10. The juice of anything, especially if red. He washed ... his clothes in the blood of grapes. Gen. xiix. 11. Blood is often used as an adjective, and as the first part of selfexplaining compound words; as, bloodbespotted, bloodbought, bloodcurdling, blooddyed, bloodred, bloodspilling, bloodstained, bloodwarm, bloodwon. Blood baptism (Eccl. Hist.), the martyrdom of those who had not been baptized. They were considered as baptized in blood, and this was regarded as a full substitute for literal baptism. Blood blister, a blister or bleb containing blood or bloody serum, usually caused by an injury. Blood brother, brother by blood or birth. Blood clam (Zol.), a bivalve mollusk of the genus Arca and allied genera, esp. Argina pexata of the American coast. So named from the color of its flesh. Blood corpuscle. See Corpuscle. Blood crystal (Physiol.), one of the crystals formed by the separation in a crystalline form of the hmoglobin of the red blood corpuscles; hmatocrystallin. All blood does not yield blood crystals. Blood heat, heat equal to the temperature of human blood, or about 98 ? Fhr. Blood horse, a horse whose blood or lineage is derived from the purest and most highly prized origin or stock. Blood money. See in the Vocabulary. Blood orange, an orange with dark red pulp. Blood poisoning (Med.), a morbid state of the blood caused by the introduction of poisonous or infective matters from without, or the absorption or retention of such as are produced in the body itself; toxmia. Blood pudding, a pudding made of blood and other materials. Blood relation, one connected by blood or descent. Blood spavin. See under Spavin. Blood vessel. See in the Vocabulary. Blue blood, the blood of noble or aristocratic families, which, according to a Spanish prover , has in it a tinge of blue; hence, a member of an old and aristocratic family. Flesh and blood. (a) A blood relation, esp. a child. (b) Human nature. In blood (Hunting), in a state of perfect health and vigor. Shak. To let blood. See under Let. Prince of the blood, the son of a sovereign, or the issue of a royal family. The sons, brothers, and uncles of the sovereign are styled princes of the blood royal; and the daughters, sisters, and aunts are princesses of the blood royal. Blood (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Blooding.] 1. To bleed. [Obs.] Cowper. <-- p. 157 --> 2. To stain, smear or wet, with blood. [Archaic] Reach out their spears afar, And blood their points. Dryden. 3. To give (hounds or soldiers) a first taste or sight of blood, as in hunting or war. It was most important too that his troops should be blooded. Macaulay. 4. To heat the blood of; to exasperate. [Obs.] The auxiliary forces of the French and English were much blooded one against another. Bacon. Bloodbird (?), n. (Zol.) An Australian honeysucker (Myzomela sanguineolata); so called from the bright red color of the male bird. Bloodboltered (?), a. [Blood + Prov. E. bolter to mat in tufts. Cf. Balter.] Having the hair matted with clotted blood. [Obs. & R.] The bloodboltered Banquo smiles upon me. Shak. Blooded, a. Having pure blood, or a large admixture or pure blood; of approved breed; of the best stock. Used also in composition in phrases indicating a particular condition or quality of blood; as, coldblooded; warmblooded. Bloodflower (?), n. [From the color of the flower.] (Bot.) A genus of bulbous plants, natives of Southern Africa, named Hmanthus, of the Amaryllis family. The juice of H. toxicarius is used by the Hottentots to poison their arrows. Bloodguilty (?), a. Guilty of murder or bloodshed. A bloodguilty life. Fairfax. Bloodguiltiness (?), n. Bloodguiltless, a. Bloodhound (?), n. A breed of large and powerful dogs, with long, smooth, and pendulous ears, and remarkable for acuteness of smell. It is employed to recover game or prey which has escaped wounded from a hunter, and for tracking criminals. Formerly it was used for pursuing runaway slaves. Other varieties of dog are often used for the same purpose and go by the same name. The Cuban bloodhound is said to be a variety of the mastiff. Bloodily (?), adv. In a bloody manner; cruelly; with a disposition to shed blood. Bloodiness, n. 1. The state of being bloody. 2. Disposition to shed blood; bloodthirstiness. All that bloodiness and savage cruelty which was in our nature. Holland. Bloodless, a. [AS. bl?dles.] 1. Destitute of blood, or apparently so; as, bloodless cheeks; lifeless; dead. The bloodless carcass of my Hector sold. Dryden. 2. Not attended with shedding of blood, or slaughter; as, a bloodless victory. Froude. 3. Without spirit or activity. Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood ! Shak. Bloodlessly, adv. Bloodlessness, n. Bloodlet (?), v. t. [AS. bl?dl?tan; bl?d blood + l?atan to let.] To bleed; to let blood. Arbuthnot. Bloodletter (?), n. One who, or that which, lets blood; a phlebotomist. Bloodletting, n. (Med.) The act or process of letting blood or bleeding, as by opening a vein or artery, or by cupping or leeches; esp. applied to venesection. Blood money (?). 1. Money paid to the next of kin of a person who has been killed by another. 2. Money obtained as the price, or at the cost, of another's life; said of a reward for supporting a capital charge, of money obtained for betraying a fugitive or for committing murder, or of money obtained from the sale of that which will destroy the purchaser. Bloodroot (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Sanguinaria Canadensis), with a red root and red sap, and bearing a pretty, white flower in early spring; called also puccoon, redroot, bloodwort, tetterwort, turmeric, and Indian paint. It has acrid emetic properties, and the rootstock is used as a stimulant expectorant. See Sanguinaria. In England the name is given to the tormentil, once used as a remedy for dysentery. Bloodshed (?), n. [Blood + shed] The shedding or spilling of blood; slaughter; the act of shedding human blood, or taking life, as in war, riot, or murder. Bloodshedder (?), n. One who sheds blood; a manslayer; a murderer. Bloodshedding (?), n. Bloodshed. Shak. Bloodshot (?), a. [Blood + shot, p. p. of shoot to variegate.] Red and inflamed; suffused with blood, or having the vessels turgid with blood, as when the conjunctiva is inflamed or irritated. His eyes were bloodshot, ... and his hair disheveled. Dickens. Bloodshotten (?), a. Bloodshot. [Obs.] Bloodstick (?), n. (Far.) A piece of hard wood loaded at one end with lead, and used to strike the fleam into the vein. Youatt. Bloodstone (?), n. (Min.) (a) A green siliceous stone sprinkled with red jasper, as if with blood; hence the name; called also heliotrope. (b) Hematite, an ore of iron yielding a blood red powder or streak. Bloodstroke (?), n. [Cf. F. coup de sang.] Loss of sensation and motion from hemorrhage or congestion in the brain. Dunglison. Bloodsucker (?), n. 1. (Zol.) Any animal that sucks blood; esp., the leech (Hirudo medicinalis), and related species. 2. One who sheds blood; a cruel, bloodthirsty man; one guilty of bloodshed; a murderer. [Obs.] Shak. 3. A hard and exacting master, landlord, or money lender; an extortioner. Bloodthirsty (?), a. Eager to shed blood; cruel; sanguinary; murderous. Bloodthirstiness (?), n. Bloodulf (?), n. (Zol.) The European bullfinch. Blood vessel (?). (Anat.) Any vessel or canal in which blood circulates in an animal, as an artery or vein. Bloodwite (?), Bloodwit (?), } n. [AS. bl?wte; bl?d blood, + wte wite, fine.] (Anc. Law) A fine or amercement paid as a composition for the shedding of blood; also, a riot wherein blood was spilled. Bloodwood (?), n. (Bot.) A tree having the wood or the sap of the color of blood. Norfolk Island bloodwood is a euphorbiaceous tree (Baloghia lucida), from which the sap is collected for use as a plant. Various other trees have the name, chiefly on account of the color of the wood, as Gordonia Hmatoxylon of Jamaica, and several species of Australian Eucalyptus; also the true logwood (Hmatoxylon Campechianum). Bloodwort (?), n. (Bot.) A plant, Rumex sanguineus, or bloodyveined dock. The name is applied also to bloodroot (Sanguinaria Canadensis), and to an extensive order of plants (Hmodorace), the roots of many species of which contain a red coloring matter useful in dyeing. Bloody (?), a. [AS. bl?dig.] 1. Containing or resembling blood; of the nature of blood; as, bloody excretions; bloody sweat. 2. Smeared or stained with blood; as, bloody hands; a bloody handkerchief. 3. Given, or tending, to the shedding of blood; having a cruel, savage disposition; murderous; cruel. Some bloody passion shakes your very frame. Shak. 4. Attended with, or involving, bloodshed; sanguinary; esp., marked by great slaughter or cruelty; as, a bloody battle. 5. Infamous; contemptible; variously used for mere emphasis or as a low epithet. [Vulgar] Thackeray. Bloody, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bloodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bloodying.] To stain with blood. Overbury. Bloodybones (?), n. A terrible bugbear. Bloody flux (?). The dysentery, a disease in which the flux or discharge from the bowels has a mixture of blood. Arbuthnot. Bloody hand (?). 1. A hand stained with the blood of a deer, which, in the old forest laws of England, was sufficient evidence of a man's trespass in the forest against venison. Jacob. 2. (Her.) A red hand, as in the arms of Ulster, which is now the distinguishing mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom. Bloodyminded (?), a. Having a cruel, ferocious disposition; bloodthirsty. Dryden. Bloody sweat (?). A sweat accompanied by a discharge of blood; a disease, called sweating sickness, formerly prevalent in England and other countries. Bloom (?), n. [OE. blome, fr. Icel. bl?m, bl?mi; akin to Sw. blom, Goth. bl?ma, OS. bl?mo, D. bloem, OHG. bluomo, bluoma, G. blume; fr. the same root as AS. bl?wan to blow, blossom. See Blow to bloom, and cf. Blossom.] 1. A blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded bud; flowers, collectively. The rich blooms of the tropics. Prescott. 2. The opening of flowers in general; the state of blossoming or of having the flowers open; as, the cherry trees are in bloom. Sight of vernal bloom. Milton. 3. A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor; an opening to higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into blossoms; as, the bloom of youth. Every successive mother has transmitted a fainter bloom, a more delicate and briefer beauty. Hawthorne. 4. The delicate, powdery coating upon certain growing or newlygathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums, etc. Hence: Anything giving an appearance of attractive freshness; a flush; a glow. A new, fresh, brilliant world, with all the bloom upon it. Thackeray. 5. The clouded appearance which varnish sometimes takes upon the surface of a picture. 6. A yellowish deposit or powdery coating which appears on welltanned leather. Knight. 7. (Min.) A popular term for a brighthued variety of some minerals; as, the rosered cobalt bloom. Bloom, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bloomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blooming.] 1. To produce or yield blossoms; to blossom; to flower or be in flower. A flower which once In Paradise, fast by the tree of life, Began to bloom. Milton. 2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigor; to show beauty and freshness, as of flowers; to give promise, as by or with flowers. A better country blooms to view, Beneath a brighter sky. Logan. Bloom, v. t. 1. To cause to blossom; to make flourish. [R.] Charitable affection bloomed them. Hooker. 2. To bestow a bloom upon; to make blooming or radiant. [R.] Milton. While barred clouds bloom the softdying day. Keats. Bloom, n. [AS. bl?ma a mass or lump, senes bl?ma a lump or wedge of iron.] (Metal.) (a) A mass of wrought iron from the Catalan forge or from the puddling furnace, deprived of its dross, and shaped usually in the form of an oblong block by shingling. (b) A large bar of steel formed directly from an ingot by hammering or rolling, being a preliminary shape for further working. Bloomary (?), n. See Bloomery. Bloomer (?), n. [From Mrs. Bloomer, an American, who sought to introduce this style of dress.] 1. A costume for women, consisting of a short dress, with loose trousers gathered round ankles, and (commonly) a broadbrimmed hat. 2. A woman who wears a Bloomer costume. Bloomery (?), n. (Manuf.) A furnace and forge in which wrought iron in the form of blooms is made directly from the ore, or (more rarely) from cast iron. Blooming, n. (Metal.) The process of making blooms from the ore or from cast iron. Blooming, a. 1. Opening in blossoms; flowering. 2. Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor; indicating the freshness and beauties of youth or health. Bloomingly, adv. In a blooming manner. Bloomingness, n. A blooming condition. Bloomless, a. Without bloom or flowers. Shelley. Bloomy (?), a. 1. Full of bloom; flowery; flourishing with the vigor of youth; as, a bloomy spray. But all the bloomy flush of life is fled. Goldsmith. 2. Covered with bloom, as fruit. Dryden. Blooth (?), n. Bloom; a blossoming. [Prov. Eng.] All that blooth means heavy autumn work for him and his hands. T. Hardy. Blore (?), n. [Perh. a variant of blare, v. i.; or cf. Gael. & Ir. blor a loud noise.] The act of blowing; a roaring wind; a blast. [Obs.] A most tempestuous blore. Chapman. Blosmy (?), a. Blossomy. [Obs.] Chaucer. Blossom (?), n. [OE. blosme, blostme, AS. bl?sma, bl?stma, blossom; akin to D. bloesem, L. fios, and E. flower; from the root of E. blow to blossom. See Blow to blossom, and cf. Bloom a blossom.] 1. The flower of a plant, or the essential organs of reproduction, with their appendages; florescence; bloom; the flowers of a plant, collectively; as, the blossoms and fruit of a tree; an apple tree in blossom. The term has been applied by some botanists, and is also applied in common usage, to the corolla. It is more commonly used than flower or bloom, when we have reference to the fruit which is to succeed. Thus we use flowers when we speak of plants cultivated for ornament, and bloom in a more general sense, as of flowers in general, or in reference to the beauty of flowers. Blossoms flaunting in the eye of day. Longfellow. 2. A blooming period or stage of development; something lovely that gives rich promise. In the blossom of my youth. Massinger. 3. The color of a horse that has white hairs intermixed with sorrel and bay hairs; otherwise called peach color. In blossom, having the blossoms open; in bloom. Blossom, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blossomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blossoming.] [AS. bl?stmian. See Blossom, n.] 1. To put forth blossoms or flowers; to bloom; to blow; to flower. The moving whisper of huge trees that branched And blossomed. Tennyson. 2. To flourish and prosper. Israel shall blossom and bud, and full the face of the world with fruit. Isa. xxvii. 6. Blossomless, a. Without blossoms. Blossomy (?), a. Full of blossoms; flowery. Blot (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blotted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blotting.] [Cf. Dan. plette. See 3d Blot.] 1. To spot, stain, or bespatter, as with ink. The brief was writ and blotted all with gore. Gascoigne. 2. To impair; to damage; to mar; to soil. It blots thy beauty, as frosts do bite the meads. Shak. 3. To stain with infamy; to disgrace. Blot not thy innocence with guiltless blood. Rowe. 4. To obliterate, as writing with ink; to cancel; to efface; generally with out; as, to blot out a word or a sentence. Often figuratively; as, to blot out offenses. One act like this blots out a thousand crimes. Dryden. 5. To obscure; to eclipse; to shadow. He sung how earth blots the moon's gilded wane. Cowley. 6. To dry, as writing, with blotting paper. Syn. To obliterate; expunge; erase; efface; cancel; tarnish; disgrace; blur; sully; smear; smutch. Blot, v. i. To take a blot; as, this paper blots easily. Blot, n. [Cf. Icel. blettr, Dan. plet.] 1. A spot or stain, as of ink on paper; a blur. Inky blots and rotten parchment bonds. Shak. 2. An obliteration of something written or printed; an erasure. Dryden. 3. A spot on reputation; a stain; a disgrace; a reproach; a blemish. This deadly blot in thy digressing son. Shak. Blot, n. [Cf. Dan. blot bare, naked, Sw. blott, d. bloot, G. bloss, and perh. E. bloat.] 1. (Backgammon) (a) An exposure of a single man to be taken up. (b) A single man left on a point, exposed to be taken up. He is too great a master of his art to make a blot which may be so easily hit. Dryden. 2. A weak point; a failing; an exposed point or mark. Blotch (?), n. [Cf. OE. blacche in blacchepot blacking pot, akin to black, as bleach is akin to bleak. See Black, a., or cf. Blot a spot.] 1. A blot or spot, as of color or of ink; especially a large or irregular spot. Also Fig.; as, a moral blotch. Spots and blotches ... some red, others yellow. Harvey. 2. (Med.) A large pustule, or a coarse eruption. Foul scurf and blotches him defile. Thomson. Blotched (?), a. Marked or covered with blotches. To give their blotched and blistered bodies ease. Drayton. Blotchy (?), a. Having blotches. Blote (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bloting.] [Cf. Sw. bltfisk soaked fish, fr. blta to soak. See 1st Bloat.] To cure, as herrings, by salting and smoking them; to bloat. [Obs.] Blotless (?), a. Without blot. Blotter (?), n. 1. One who, or that which blots; esp. a device for absorbing superfluous ink. <-- p. 158 --> 2. (Com.) A wastebook, in which entries of transactions are made as they take place. Blottesque (?), a. (Painting) Characterized by blots or heavy touches; coarsely depicted; wanting in delineation. Ruskin. Blotting paper (?). A kind of thick, bibulous, unsized paper, used to absorb superfluous ink from freshly written manuscript, and thus prevent blots. Blouse (?), n. [F. blouse. Of unknown origin.] A light, loose overgarment, like a smock frock, worn especially by workingmen in France; also, a loose coat of any material, as the undress uniform coat of the United States army. Blow (?), v. i. [imp. Blew (?); p. p. Blown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blowing.] [OE. blowen, AS. bl?wan to blossom; akin to OS. bl?jan, D. bloeijen, OHG. pluojan, MHG. bl?ejen, G. blhen, L. florere to flourish, OIr. blath blossom. Cf. Blow to puff, Flourish.] To flower; to blossom; to bloom. How blows the citron grove. Milton. Blow, v. t. To cause to blossom; to put forth (blossoms or flowers). The odorous banks, that blow Flowers of more mingled hue. Milton. Blow, n. (Bot.) A blossom; a flower; also, a state of blossoming; a mass of blossoms. Such a blow of tulips. Tatler. Blow, n. [OE. blaw, blowe; cf. OHG. bliuwan, pliuwan, to beat, G. bluen, Goth. bliggwan.] 1. A forcible stroke with the hand, fist, or some instrument, as a rod, a club, an ax, or a sword. Well struck ! there was blow for blow. Shak. 2. A sudden or forcible act or effort; an assault. A vigorous blow might win [Hanno's camp]. T. Arnold. 3. The infliction of evil; a sudden calamity; something which produces mental, physical, or financial suffering or loss (esp. when sudden); a buffet. A most poor man, made tame to fortune's blows. Shak. At a blow, suddenly; at one effort; by a single vigorous act. They lose a province at a blow. Dryden. To come to blows, to engage in combat; to fight; said of individuals, armies, and nations. Syn. Stroke; knock; shock; misfortune. Blow, v. i. [imp. Blew (?); p. p. Blown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blowing.] [OE. blawen, blowen, AS. bl?wan to blow, as wind; akin to OHG. pl?jan, G. blhen, to blow up, swell, L. flare to blow, Gr. ? to spout out, and to E. bladder, blast, inflate, etc., and perh. blow to bloom.] 1. To produce a current of air; to move, as air, esp. to move rapidly or with power; as, the wind blows. Hark how it rains and blows ! Walton. 2. To send forth a forcible current of air, as from the mouth or from a pair of bellows. 3. To breathe hard or quick; to pant; to puff. Here is Mistress Page at the door, sweating and blowing. Shak. 4. To sound on being blown into, as a trumpet. There let the pealing organ blow. Milton. 5. To spout water, etc., from the blowholes, as a whale. 6. To be carried or moved by the wind; as, the dust blows in from the street. The grass blows from their graves to thy own. M. Arnold. 7. To talk loudly; to boast; to storm. [Colloq.] You blow behind my back, but dare not say anything to my face. Bartlett. To blow hot and cold (a saying derived from a fable of ?sop's), to favor a thing at one time and treat it coldly at another; or to appear both to favor and to oppose. To blow off, to let steam escape through a passage provided for the purpose; as, the engine or steamer is blowing off. To blow out. (a) To be driven out by the expansive force of a gas or vapor; as, a steam cock or valve sometimes blows out. (b) To talk violently or abusively. [Low] To blow over, to pass away without effect; to cease, or be dissipated; as, the storm and the clouds have blown over. To blow up, to be torn to pieces and thrown into the air as by an explosion of powder or gas or the expansive force of steam; to burst; to explode; as, a powder mill or steam boiler blows up. The enemy's magazines blew up. Tatler. Blow, v. t. 1. To force a current of air upon with the mouth, or by other means; as, to blow the fire. 2. To drive by a current air; to impel; as, the tempest blew the ship ashore. Off at sea northeast winds blow Sabean odors from the spicy shore. Milton. 3. To cause air to pass through by the action of the mouth, or otherwise; to cause to sound, as a wind instrument; as, to blow a trumpet; to blow an organ. Hath she no husband That will take pains to blow a horn before her? Shak. Boy, blow the pipe until the bubble rise, Then cast it off to float upon the skies. Parnell. 4. To clear of contents by forcing air through; as, to blow an egg; to blow one's nose. 5. To burst, shatter, or destroy by an explosion; usually with up, down, open, or similar adverb; as, to blow up a building. 6. To spread by report; to publish; to disclose. Through the court his courtesy was blown. Dryden. His language does his knowledge blow. Whiting. 7. To form by inflation; to swell by injecting air; as, to blow bubbles; to blow glass. 8. To inflate, as with pride; to puff up. Look how imagination blows him. Shak. 9. To put out of breath; to cause to blow from fatigue; as, to blow a horse. Sir W. Scott. 10. To deposit eggs or larv upon, or in (meat, etc.). To suffer The flesh fly blow my mouth. Shak. To blow great guns, to blow furiously and with roaring blasts; said of the wind at sea or along the coast. To blow off, to empty (a boiler) of water through the blowoff pipe, while under steam pressure; also, to eject (steam, water, sediment, etc.) from a boiler. To blow one's own trumpet, to vaunt one's own exploits, or sound one's own praises. To blow out, to extinguish by a current of air, as a candle. To blow up. (a) To fill with air; to swell; as, to blow up a bladder or bubble. (b) To inflate, as with pride, selfconceit, etc.; to puff up; as, to blow one up with flattery. Blown up with high conceits engendering pride. Milton. (c) To excite; as, to blow up a contention.(d) To burst, to raise into the air, or to scatter, by an explosion; as, to blow up a fort. (e) To scold violently; as, to blow up a person for some offense. [Colloq.] I have blown him up well nobody can say I wink at what he does. G. Eliot. To blow upon. (a) To blast; to taint; to bring into discredit; to render stale, unsavory, or worthless. (b) To inform against. [Colloq.] How far the very custom of hearing anything spouted withers and blows upon a fine passage, may be seen in those speeches from [Shakespeare's] Henry V. which are current in the mouths of schoolboys. C. Lamb. A lady's maid whose character had been blown upon. Macaulay. Blow (?), n. 1. A blowing, esp., a violent blowing of the wind; a gale; as, a heavy blow came on, and the ship put back to port. 2. The act of forcing air from the mouth, or through or from some instrument; as, to give a hard blow on a whistle or horn; to give the fire a blow with the bellows. 3. The spouting of a whale. 4. (Metal.) A single heat or operation of the Bessemer converter. Raymond. 5. An egg, or a larva, deposited by a fly on or in flesh, or the act of depositing it. Chapman. Blowball (?), n. The downy seed head of a dandelion, which children delight to blow away. B. Jonson. Blowen (?), Blowess (?), } n. A prostitute; a courtesan; a strumpet. [Low] Smart. Blower (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, blows. 2. (Mech.) A device for producing a current of air; as: (a) A metal plate temporarily placed before the upper part of a grate or open fire. (b) A machine for producing an artificial blast or current of air by pressure, as for increasing the draft of a furnace, ventilating a building or shaft, cleansing gram, etc. 3. A blowing out or excessive discharge of gas from a hole or fissure in a mine. 4. The whale; so called by seamen, from the circumstance of its spouting up a column of water. 5. (Zol.) A small fish of the Atlantic coast (Tetrodon turgidus); the puffer. 6. A braggart, or loud talker. [Slang] Bartlett. Blowfly (?), n. (Zol.) Any species of fly of the genus Musca that deposits its eggs or young larv (called flyblows and maggots) upon meat or other animal products. Blowgun (?), n. A tube, as of cane or reed, sometimes twelve feet long, through which an arrow or other projectile may be impelled by the force of the breath. It is a weapon much used by certain Indians of America and the West Indies; called also blowpipe, and blowtube. See Sumpitan. Blowhole (?), n. 1. A cavern in a cliff, at the water level, opening to the air at its farther extremity, so that the waters rush in with each surge and rise in a lofty jet from the extremity. 2. A nostril or spiracle in the top of the head of a whale or other cetacean. There are two spiracles or blowholes in the common whales, but only one in sperm whales, porpoises, etc. 3. A hole in the ice to which whales, seals, etc., come to breathe. 4. (Founding) An air hole in a casting. Blown (?), p. p. & a. 1. Swollen; inflated; distended; puffed up, as cattle when gorged with green food which develops gas. 2. Stale; worthless. 3. Out of breath; tired; exhausted. Their horses much blown. Sir W. Scott. 4. Covered with the eggs and larv of flies; fly blown. Blown, p. p. & a. Opened; in blossom or having blossomed, as a flower. Shak. Blowoff (?), n. 1. A blowing off steam, water, etc. Also, adj.; as, a blowoff cock or pipe. 2. An outburst of temper or excitement. [Colloq.] Blowout (?), n. The cleaning of the flues of a boiler from scale, etc., by a blast of steam. Blowpipe (?), n. 1. A tube for directing a jet of air into a fire or into the flame of a lamp or candle, so as to concentrate the heat on some object. It is called a mouth blowpipe when used with the mouth; but for both chemical and industrial purposes, it is often worked by a bellows or other contrivance. The common mouth blowpipe is a tapering tube with a very small orifice at the end to be inserted in the flame. The oxyhydrogen blowpipe, invented by Dr. Hare in 1801, is an instrument in which oxygen and hydrogen, taken from separate reservoirs, in the proportions of two volumes of hydrogen to one of oxygen, are burned in a jet, under pressure. It gives a heat that will consume the diamond, fuse platinum, and dissipate in vapor, or in gaseous forms, most known substances. 2. A blowgun; a blowtube. Blowpipe analysis (Chem.), analysis by means of the blowpipe. Blowpipe reaction (Chem.), the characteristic behavior of a substance subjected to a test by means of the blowpipe. Blowpoint (?), n. A child's game. [Obs.] Blowse , n. See Blowze. Blowth (?), n. [From Blow to blossom: cf. Growth.] A blossoming; a bloom. [Obs. or Archaic] In the blowth and bud. Sir W. Raleigh. Blowtube (?), n. 1. A blowgun. Tylor. 2. A similar instrument, commonly of tin, used by boys for discharging paper wads and other light missiles. 3. (Glassmaking) A long wrought iron tube, on the end of which the workman gathers a quantity of metal (melted glass), and through which he blows to expand or shape it; called also blowing tube, and blowpipe. Blow valve (?). (Mach.) See Snifting valve. Blowy (?), a. Windy; as, blowy weather; a blowy upland. Blowze (?), n. [Prob. from the same root as blush.] A ruddy, fatfaced woman; a wench. [Obs.] Shak. Blowzed (?), a. Having high color from exposure to the weather; ruddyfaced; blowzy; disordered. Huge women blowzed with health and wind. Tennyson. Blowzy (?), a. Coarse and ruddyfaced; fat and ruddy; high colored; frowzy. Blub (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. Bleb, Blob.] To swell; to puff out, as with weeping. [Obs.] Blubber (?), n. [See Blobber, Blob, Bleb.] 1. A bubble. At his mouth a blubber stood of foam. Henryson. 2. The fat of whales and other large sea animals from which oil is obtained. It lies immediately under the skin and over the muscular flesh. 3. (Zol.) A large sea nettle or medusa. Blubber, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blubbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blubbering.] To weep noisily, or so as to disfigure the face; to cry in a childish manner. She wept, she blubbered, and she tore her hair. Swift. Blubber, v. t. 1. To swell or disfigure (the face) with weeping; to wet with tears. Dear Cloe, how blubbered is that pretty face! Prior. 2. To give vent to (tears) or utter (broken words or cries); with forth or out. Blubbered (?), p. p. & a. Swollen; turgid; as, a blubbered lip. Spenser. Blubbering, n. The act of weeping noisily. He spake well save that his blubbering interrupted him. Winthrop. Blubbery (?), a. 1. Swollen; protuberant. 2. Like blubber; gelatinous and quivering; as, a blubbery mass. Blucher (?), n. A kind of half boot, named from the Prussian general Blcher. Thackeray. Bludgeon (?), n. [Cf. Ir. blocan a little block, Gael. plocan a mallet, W. plocyn, dim. of ploc block; or perh. connected with E. blow a stroke. Cf. Block, Blow a stroke.] A short stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier that the other, used as an offensive weapon. Blue (?), a. [Compar. Bluer (?); superl. Bluest.] [OE. bla, blo, blew, blue, Sw. bl?, D. blauw, OHG. bl?o, G. blau; but influenced in form by F. bleu, from OHG. blo.] 1. Having the color of the clear sky, or a hue resembling it, whether lighter or darker; as, the deep, blue sea; as blue as a sapphire; blue violets. The blue firmament. Milton. 2. Pale, without redness or glare, said of a flame; hence, of the color of burning brimstone, betokening the presence of ghosts or devils; as, the candle burns blue; the air was blue with oaths. 3. Low in spirits; melancholy; as, to feel blue. 4. Suited to produce low spirits; gloomy in prospect; as, thongs looked blue. [Colloq.] 5. Severe or over strict in morals; gloom; as, blue and sour religionists; suiting one who is over strict in morals; inculcating an impracticable, severe, or gloomy mortality; as, blue laws. 6. Literary; applied to women; an abbreviation of bluestocking. [Colloq.] The ladies were very blue and well informed. Thackeray. Blue asbestus. See Crocidolite. Blue black, of, or having, a very dark blue color, almost black. Blue blood. See under Blood. Blue buck (Zol.), a small South African antelope (Cephalophus pygmus); also applied to a larger species (?goceras leucophus); the blaubok. Blue cod (Zol.), the buffalo cod. Blue crab (Zol.), the common edible crab of the Atlantic coast of the United States (Callinectes hastatus). Blue curls (Bot.), a common plant (Trichostema dichotomum), resembling pennyroyal, and hence called also bastard pennyroyal. Blue devils, apparitions supposed to be seen by persons suffering with delirium tremens; hence, very low spirits. Can Gumbo shut the hall door upon blue devils, or lay them all in a red sea of claret? Thackeray. Blue gage. See under Gage, a plum. Blue gum, an Australian myrtaceous tree (Eucalyptus globulus), of the loftiest proportions, now cultivated in tropical and warm temperate regions for its timber, and as a protection against malaria. The essential oil is beginning to be used in medicine. The timber is very useful. See Eucalyptus. Blue jack, Blue stone, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper. Blue jacket, a manof war's man; a sailor wearing a naval uniform. Blue jaundice. See under Jaundice. Blue laws, a name first used in the eighteenth century to describe certain supposititious laws of extreme rigor reported to have been enacted in New Haven; hence, any puritanical laws. [U. S.] Blue light, a composition which burns with a brilliant blue flame; used in pyrotechnics and as a night signal at sea, and in military operations. Blue mantle (Her.), one of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms; so called from the color of his official robes. Blue mass, a preparation of mercury from which is formed the blue pill. McElrath. Blue mold, or mould, the blue fungus (Aspergillus glaucus) which grows on cheese. Brande & C. Blue Monday, a Monday following a Sunday of dissipation, or itself given to dissipation (as the Monday before Lent). Blue ointment (Med.), mercurial ointment. Blue Peter (British Marine), a blue flag with a white square in the center, used as a signal for sailing, to recall boats, etc. It is a corruption of blue repeater, one of the British signal flags. Blue pill. (Med.) (a) A pill of prepared mercury, used as an aperient, etc. (b) Blue mass. Blue ribbon. (a) The ribbon worn by <-- p. 159 --> members of the order of the Garter; hence, a member of that order. (b) Anything the attainment of which is an object of great ambition; a distinction; a prize. These [scholarships] were the blue ribbon of the college. Farrar. (c) The distinctive badge of certain temperance or total abstinence organizations, as of the Blue ribbon Army. Blue ruin, utter ruin; also, gin. [Eng. Slang] Carlyle. Blue spar (Min.), azure spar; lazulite. See Lazulite. Blue thrush (Zol.), a European and Asiatic thrush (Petrocossyphus cyaneas). Blue verditer. See Verditer. Blue vitriol (Chem.), sulphate of copper, a violet blue crystallized salt, used in electric batteries, calico printing, etc. Blue water, the open ocean. To look blue, to look disheartened or dejected. True blue, genuine and thorough; not modified, nor mixed; not spurious; specifically, of uncompromising Presbyterianism, blue being the color adopted by the Covenanters. For his religion... 'T was Presbyterian, true blue. Hudibras. Blue (?), n. 1. One of the seven colors into which the rays of light divide themselves, when refracted through a glass prism; the color of the clear sky, or a color resembling that, whether lighter or darker; a pigment having such color. Sometimes, poetically, the sky. 2. A pedantic woman; a bluestocking. [Colloq.] 3. pl. [Short for blue devils.] Low spirits; a fit of despondency; melancholy. [Colloq.] Berlin blue, Prussian blue. Mineral blue. See under Mineral. Prussian blue. See under Prussian. Blue, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bluing.] To make blue; to dye of a blue color; to make blue by heating, as metals, etc. Blueback (?), n. (Zol.) (a) A trout (Salmo oquassa) inhabiting some of the lakes of Maine. (b) A salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) of the Columbia River and northward. (c) An American river herring (Clupea stivalis), closely allied to the alewife. Bluebeard (?), n. The hero of a medival French nursery legend, who, leaving home, enjoined his young wife not to open a certain room in his castle. She entered it, and found the murdered bodies of his former wives. Also used adjectively of a subject which it is forbidden to investigate. The Bluebeard chamber of his mind, into which no eye but his own must look. Carlyle. Bluebell (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Campanula, especially the Campanula rotundifolia, which bears blue bellshaped flowers; the harebell. (b) A plant of the genus Scilla (Scilla nutans). Blueberry (?), n. [Cf. Blaeberry.] (Bot.) The berry of several species of Vaccinium, and ericaceous genus, differing from the American huckleberries in containing numerous minute seeds instead of ten nutlets. The commonest species are V. Pennsylvanicum and V. vacillans. V. corymbosum is the tall blueberry. Bluebill (?), n. (Zol.) A duck of the genus Fuligula. Two American species (F. marila and F. affinis) are common. See Scaup duck. Bluebird (?), n. (Zol.) A small song bird (Sialia sialis), very common in the United States, and, in the north, one of the earliest to arrive in spring. The male is blue, with the breast reddish. It is related to the European robin. Pairy bluebird (Zol.), a brilliant Indian or East Indian bird of the genus Irena, of several species. Blue bonnet or Bluebonnet (?), n. 1. A broad, flat Scottish cap of blue woolen, or one waring such cap; a Scotchman. 2. (Bot.) A plant. Same as Bluebottle. 3. (Zol.) The European blue titmouse (Parus c?ruleus); the bluecap. Blue book (?). 1. A parliamentary publication, so called from its blue paper covers. [Eng.] 2. The United States official Biennial Register. Bluebottle (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A plant (Centaurea cyanus) which grows in grain fields. It receives its name from its blue bottleshaped flowers. 2. (Zol.) A large and troublesome species of blowfly (Musca vomitoria). Its body is steel blue. Bluebreast (?), n. (Zol.) (a) A small European bird; the bluethroated warbler. Bluecap (?), n. 1. (Zol.) (a) The bluepoll. (b) The blue bonnet or blue titmouse. 2. A Scot; a Scotchman; so named from wearing a blue bonnet. [Poetic] Shak. Bluecoat (?), n. One dressed in blue, as a soldier, a sailor, a beadle, etc. Blueeye (?), a. Having blue eyes. Blueeyed grass (Bot.), a grasslike plant (Sisyrinchium anceps), with small flowers of a delicate blue color. Bluefin (?), n. (Zol.) A species of whitefish (Coregonus nigripinnis) found in Lake Michigan. Bluefish (?), n. (Zol.) 1. A large voracious fish (Pomatomus saitatrix), of the family Carangid, valued as a food fish, and widely distributed on the American coast. On the New Jersey and Rhode Island coast it is called the horse mackerel, in Virginia saltwater tailor, or skipjack. 2. A West Indian fish (Platyglossus radiatus), of the family Labrid. The name is applied locally to other species of fishes; as the cunner, sea bass, squeteague, etc. Bluegown (?), n. One of a class of paupers or pensioners, or licensed beggars, in Scotland, to whim annually on the king's birthday were distributed certain alms, including a blue gown; a beadsman. Blue grass (?). (Bot.) A species of grass (Poa compressa) with bluish green stems, valuable in thin gravelly soils; wire grass. Kentucky blue grass, a species of grass (Poa pratensis) which has running rootstocks and spreads rapidly. It is valuable as a pasture grass, as it endures both winter and drought better than other kinds, and is very nutritious. Blue jay (?). (Zol.) The common jay of the United States (Cyanocitta, or Cyanura, cristata). The predominant color is bright blue. Bluejohn (?), n. A name given to fluor spar in Derbyshire, where it is used for ornamental purposes. Bluely, adv. With a blue color. Swift. Blueness, n. The quality of being blue; a blue color. Boyle. Bluenose (?), n. A nickname for a Nova Scotian. Bluepoll (?), n. [Blue + poll head.] (Zol.) A kind of salmon (Salmo Cambricus) found in Wales. Blueprint. See under Print. Bluestocking (?), n. 1. A literary lady; a female pedant. [Colloq.] As explained in Boswell's Life of Dr. Johnson, this term is derived from the name given to certain meetings held by ladies, in Johnson's time, for conversation with distinguished literary men. An eminent attendant of these assemblies was a Mr. Stillingfleet, who always wore blue stockings. He was so much distinguished for his conversational powers that his absence at any time was felt to be a great loss, so that the remark became common, We can do nothing without the blue stockings. Hence these meetings were sportively called bluestocking clubs, and the ladies who attended them, bluestockings. 2. (Zol.) The American avocet (Recurvirostra Americana). Bluestockingism (?), n. The character or manner of a bluestocking; female pedantry. [Colloq.] Bluestone (?), n. 1. Blue vitriol. Dunglison. 2. A grayish blue building stone, as that commonly used in the eastern United States. Bluethroat (?), n. (Zol.) A singing bird of northern Europe and Asia (Cyanecula Suecica), related to the nightingales; called also bluethroated robin and bluethroated warbler. Bluets (?), n. [F. bluet, bleuet, dim. of bleu blue. See Blue, a.] (Bot.) A name given to several different species of plants having blue flowers, as the Houstonia c?rulea, the Centaurea cyanus or bluebottle, and the Vaccinium angustifolium. Blueveined (?), a. Having blue veins or blue streaks. Bluewing (?), n. (Zol.) The bluewinged teal. See Teal. Bluey (?), a. Bluish. Southey. Bluff (?), a. [Cf. OD. blaf flat, broad, blaffaert one with a broad face, also, a boaster; or G. verblffen to confuse, LG. bluffen to frighten; to unknown origin.] 1. Having a broad, flattened front; as, the bluff bows of a ship. Bluff visages. Irving. 2. Rising steeply with a flat or rounded front. A bluff or bold shore. Falconer. Its banks, if not really steep, had a bluff and precipitous aspect. Judd. 3. Surly; churlish; gruff; rough. 4. Abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque; as, a bluff answer; a bluff manner of talking; a bluff sea captain. Bluff King Hal. Sir W. Scott. There is indeed a bluff pertinacity which is a proper defense in a moment of surprise. I. Taylor. Bluff, n. 1. A high, steep bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face. Beach, bluff, and wave, adieu. Whittier. 2. An act of bluffing; an expression of selfconfidence for the purpose of intimidation; braggadocio; as, that is only bluff, or a bluff. 3. A game at cards; poker. [U.S.] Bartlett. Bluff, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bluffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bluffing.] 1. (Poker) To deter (an opponent) from taking the risk of betting on his hand of cards, as the bluffer does by betting heavily on his own hand although it may be of less value. [U. S.] 2. To frighten or deter from accomplishing a purpose by making a show of confidence in one's strength or resources; as, he bluffed me off. [Colloq.] Bluff, v. i. To act as in the game of bluff. Bluffbowed (?), a. (Naut.) Built with the stem nearly straight up and down. Bluffness, n. The quality or state of being bluff. Bluffy (?), a. 1. Having bluffs, or bold, steep banks. 2. Inclined to bo bluff; brusque. Bluing (?), n. 1. The act of rendering blue; as, the bluing of steel. Tomlinson. 2. Something to give a bluish tint, as indigo, or preparations used by washerwomen. Bluish (?), a. Somewhat blue; as, bluish veins. Bluish mists. Dryden. Bluishly, adv. Bluishness, n. Blunder (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blundering.] [OE. blunderen, blondren, to stir, confuse, blunder; perh. allied to blend to mix, to confound by mixture.] 1. To make a gross error or mistake; as, to blunder in writing or preparing a medical prescription. Swift. 2. To move in an awkward, clumsy manner; to flounder and stumble. I was never distinguished for address, and have often even blundered in making my bow. Goldsmith. Yet knows not how to find the uncertain place, And blunders on, and staggers every pace. Dryden. To blunder on. (a) To continue blundering. (b) To find or reach as if by an accident involving more or less stupidity, applied to something desirable; as, to blunder on a useful discovery. Blunder, v. t. 1. To cause to blunder. [Obs.] To blunder an adversary. Ditton. 2. To do or treat in a blundering manner; to confuse. He blunders and confounds all these together. Stillingfleet. Blunder, n. 1. Confusion; disturbance. [Obs.] 2. A gross error or mistake, resulting from carelessness, stupidity, or culpable ignorance. Syn. Blunder, Error, Mistake, Bull. An error is a departure or deviation from that which is right or correct; as, an error of the press; an error of judgment. A mistake is the interchange or taking of one thing for another, through haste, inadvertence, etc.; as, a careless mistake. A blunder is a mistake or error of a gross kind. It supposes a person to flounder on in his course, from carelessness, ignorance, or stupidity. A bull is a verbal blunder containing a laughable incongruity of ideas. Blunderbuss (?), n. [Either fr. blunder + D. bus tube, box, akin to G. bchse box, gun, E. box; or corrupted fr. D. donderbus (literally) thunder box, gun, musket.] 1. A short gun or firearm, with a large bore, capable of holding a number of balls, and intended to do execution without exact aim. 2. A stupid, blundering fellow. Blunderer (?), n. One who is apt to blunder. Blunderhead (?), n. [Blunder + head.] A stupid, blundering fellow. Blundering, a. Characterized by blunders. Blunderingly, adv. In a blundering manner. Blunge (?), v. t. To amalgamate and blend; to beat up or mix in water, as clay. Blunger (?), n. [Corrupted from plunger.] A wooden blade with a cross handle, used for mi?ing the clay in potteries; a plunger. Tomlinson. Blunging (?), n. The process of mixing clay in potteries with a blunger. Tomlinson. Blunt (?), a. [Cf. Prov. G. bludde a dull or blunt knife, Dan. blunde to sleep, Sw. & Icel. blunda; or perh. akin to E. blind.] 1. Having a thick edge or point, as an instrument; dull; not sharp. The murderous knife was dull and blunt. Shak. 2. Dull in understanding; slow of discernment; stupid; opposed to acute. His wits are not so blunt. Shak. 3. Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech. Hiding his bitter jests in blunt behavior. A plain, blunt man. Shak. 4. Hard to impress or penetrate. [R.] I find my heart hardened and blunt to new impressions. Pope. Blunt is much used in composition, as bluntedged, bluntsighted, bluntspoken. Syn. Obtuse; dull; pointless; curt; short; coarse; rude; brusque; impolite; uncivil. Blunt, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blunting.] 1. To dull the edge or point of, by making it thicker; to make blunt. Shak. 2. To repress or weaken, as any appetite, desire, or power of the mind; to impair the force, keenness, or susceptibility, of; as, to blunt the feelings. Blunt, n. 1. A fencer's foil. [Obs.] 2. A short needle with a strong point. See Needle. 3. Money. [Cant] Beaconsfield. Bluntish, a. Somewhat blunt. Bluntishness, n. Bluntly, adv. In a blunt manner; coarsely; plainly; abruptly; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility. Sometimes after bluntly giving his opinions, he would quietly lay himself asleep until the end of their deliberations. Jeffrey. Bluntness, n. 1. Want of edge or point; dullness; obtuseness; want of sharpness. The multitude of elements and bluntness of angles. Holland. 2. A bruptness of address; rude plainness. Bluntness of speech. Boyle. Bluntwitted (?), n. Dull; stupid. Bluntwitted lord, ignoble in demeanor! Shak. Blur (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blurred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blurring.] [Prob. of same origin as blear. See Blear.] 1. To render obscure by making the form or outline of confused and uncertain, as by soiling; to smear; to make indistinct and confused; as, to blur manuscript by handling it while damp; to blur the impression of a woodcut by an excess of ink. But time hath nothing blurred those lines of favor Which then he wore. Shak. 2. To cause imperfection of vision in; to dim; to darken. Her eyes are blurred with the lightning's glare. J. R. Drake. 3. To sully; to stain; to blemish, as reputation. Sarcasms may eclipse thine own, But can not blur my lost renown. Hudibras. Syn. To spot; blot; disfigure; stain; sully. <-- p. 160 --> <-- p. 160 --> Blur (?), n. 1. That which obscures without effacing; a stain; a blot, as upon paper or other substance. As for those who cleanse blurs with blotted fingers, they make it worse. Fuller. 2. A dim, confused appearance; indistinctness of vision; as, to see things with a blur; it was all blur. 3. A moral stain or blot. Lest she ... will with her railing set a great blur on mine honesty and good name. Udall. Blurry (?), a. Full of blurs; blurred. Blurt (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Blurted; p. pr. & vb. n. Blurting.] [Cf. Blare.] To utter suddenly and unadvisedly; to divulge inconsiderately; to ejaculate; commonly with out. Others ... can not hold, but blurt out, those words which afterward they forced to eat. Hakewill. To blurt at, to speak contemptuously of. [Obs.] Shak. Blush (?) v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blushing.] [OE. bluschen to shine, look, turn red, AS. blyscan to glow; akin to blysa a torch, bl?sian to blush, D. blozen, Dan. blusse to blaze, blush.] 1. To become suffused with red in the cheeks, as from a sense of shame, modesty, or confusion; to become red from such cause, as the cheeks or face. To the nuptial bower I led her blushing like the morn. Milton. In the presence of the shameless and unblushing, the young offender is ashamed to blush. Buckminster. He would stroke The head of modest and ingenuous worth, That blushed at its own praise. Cowper. 2. To grow red; to have a red or rosy color. The sun of heaven, methought, was loth to set, But stayed, and made the western welkin blush. Shak. 3. To have a warm and delicate color, as some roses and other flowers. Full many a flower is born to blush unseen. T. Gray. Blush, v. t. 1. To suffuse with a blush; to redden; to make roseate. [Obs.] To blush and beautify the cheek again. Shak. 2. To express or make known by blushing. I'll blush you thanks. Shak. Blush, n. 1. A suffusion of the cheeks or face with red, as from a sense of shame, confusion, or modesty. The rosy blush of love. Trumbull. 2. A red or reddish color; a rosy tint. Light's last blushes tinged the distant hills. Lyttleton. At first blush, or At the first blush, at the first appearance or view. At the first blush, we thought they had been ships come from France. Hakluyt. This phrase is used now more of ideas, opinions, etc., than of material things. All purely identical propositions, obviously, and at first blush, appear. etc. Locke. To put to the blush, to cause to blush with shame; to put to shame. Blusher (?), n. One that blushes. Blushet (?), n. A modest girl. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Blushful (?), a. Full of blushes. While from his ardent look the turning Spring Averts her blushful face. Thomson. Blushing, a. Showing blushes; rosy red; having a warm and delicate color like some roses and other flowers; blooming; ruddy; roseate. The dappled pink and blushing rose. Prior. Blushing, n. The act of turning red; the appearance of a reddish color or flush upon the cheeks. Blushingly, adv. In a blushing manner; with a blush or blushes; as, to answer or confess blushingly. Blushless, a. Free from blushes; incapable of blushing; shameless; impudent. Vice now, secure, her blushless front shall raise. Dodsley. Blushy (?), a. Like a blush; having the color of a blush; rosy. [R.] A blushy color. Harvey. Bluster (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Blustered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Blustering.] [Allied to blast.] 1. To blow fitfully with violence and noise, as wind; to be windy and boisterous, as the weather. And everthreatening storms Of Chaos blustering round. Milton. 2. To talk with noisy violence; to swagger, as a turbulent or boasting person; to act in a noisy, tumultuous way; to play the bully; to storm; to rage. Your ministerial directors blustered like tragic tyrants. Burke. Bluster, v. t. To utter, or do, with noisy violence; to force by blustering; to bully. He bloweth and blustereth out ... his abominable blasphemy. Sir T. More. As if therewith he meant to bluster all princes into a perfect obedience to his commands. Fuller. Bluster, n. 1. Fitful noise and violence, as of a storm; violent winds; boisterousness. To the winds they set Their corners, when with bluster to confound Sea, air, and shore. Milton. 2. Noisy and violent or threatening talk; noisy and boastful language. L'Estrange. Syn. Noise; boisterousness; tumult; turbulence; confusion; boasting; swaggering; bullying. Blusterer (?), n. One who, or that which, blusters; a noisy swaggerer. Blustering, a. 1. Exhibiting noisy violence, as the wind; stormy; tumultuous. A tempest and a blustering day. Shak. 2. Uttering noisy threats; noisy and swaggering; boisterous. A blustering fellow. L'Estrange. Blusteringly, adv. In a blustering manner. Blusterous (?), a. Inclined to bluster; given to blustering; blustering. Motley. Blustrous (?), a. Blusterous. Shak. Bo (?), interj. [Cf. W. bw, an interj. of threatening or frightening; n., terror, fear, dread.] An exclamation used to startle or frighten. [Spelt also boh and boo.] Boa (?), n.; pl. Boas. [L. boa a kind of water serpent. Perh. fr. bos an ox.] 1. (Zol.) A genus of large American serpents, including the boa constrictor, the emperor boa of Mexico (B. imperator), and the chevalier boa of Peru (B. eques). The name is also applied to related genera; as, the dogheaded boa (Xiphosoma caninum). 2. A long, round fur tippet; so called from its resemblance in shape to the boa constrictor. Boa constrictor (?). [NL. See Boa, and Constrictor.] (Zol.) A large and powerful serpent of tropical America, sometimes twenty or thirty feet long. See Illustration in Appendix. It has a succession of spots, alternately black and yellow, extending along the back. It kills its prey by constriction. The name is also loosely applied to other large serpents which crush their prey, particularly to those of the genus Python, found in Asia and Africa. Boanerges (?). [Gr. ?, fr. Heb. bn? hargem sons of thunder. an appellation given by Christ to two of his disciples (James and John). See Mark iii. 17.] Any declamatory and vociferous preacher or orator. Boar (?), n. [OE. bar, bor, bore, AS. br; akin to OHG. p?r, MHG. b?r, G. br, boar (but not br bear), and perh. Russ. borov' boar.] (Zol.) The uncastrated male of swine; specifically, the wild hog. Board (?), n. [OE. bord, AS. bord board, shipboard; akin to bred plank, Icel. bor? board, side of a ship, Goth. f?tubaurd footstool, D. bord board, G. brett, bort. See def. 8. ?92.] 1. A piece of timber sawed thin, and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the thickness, used for building, etc. When sawed thick, as over one and a half or two inches, it is usually called a plank. 2. A table to put food upon. The term board answers to the modern table, but it was often movable, and placed on trestles. Halliwell. Fruit of all kinds ... She gathers, tribute large, and on the board Heaps with unsparing hand. Milton. 3. Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated meals; provision; entertainment; usually as furnished for pay; as, to work for one's board; the price of board. 4. A table at which a council or court is held. Hence: A council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or direction of some public or private business or trust; as, the Board of Admiralty; a board of trade; a board of directors, trustees, commissioners, etc. Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat then at that board. Clarendon. We may judge from their letters to the board. Porteus. 5. A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other material used for some special purpose, as, a molding board; a board or surface painted or arranged for a game; as, a chessboard; a backgammon board. 6. Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.; pasteboard; as, to bind a book in boards. 7. pl. The stage in a theater; as, to go upon the boards, to enter upon the theatrical profession. 8. [In this use originally perh. a different word meaning border, margin; cf. D. boord, G. bord, shipboard, and G. borte trimming; also F. bord (fr. G.) the side of a ship. Cf. Border.] The border or side of anything. (Naut.) (a) The side of a ship. Now board to board the rival vessels row. Dryden. See On board, below. (b) The stretch which a ship makes in one tack. Board is much used adjectively or as the last part of a compound; as, fir board, clapboard, floor board, shipboard, sideboard, ironing board, chessboard, cardboard, pasteboard, seaboard; board measure. The American Board, a shortened form of The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (the foreign missionary society of the American Congregational churches). Bed and board. See under Bed. Board and board (Naut.), side by side. Board of control, six privy councilors formerly appointed to superintend the affairs of the British East Indies. Stormonth. Board rule, a figured scale for finding without calculation the number of square feet in a board. Haldeman. Board of trade, in England, a committee of the privy council appointed to superintend matters relating to trade. In the United States, a body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of their business interests; a chamber of commerce. Board wages. (a) Food and lodging supplied as compensation for services; as, to work hard, and get only board wages. (b) Money wages which are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging. (c) A separate or special allowance of wages for the procurement of food, or food and lodging. Dryden. By the board, over the board, or side. The mast went by the board. Totten. Hence (Fig.), To go by the board, to suffer complete destruction or overthrow. To enter on the boards, to have one's name inscribed on a board or tablet in a college as a student. [Cambridge, England.] Having been entered on the boards of Trinity college. Hallam. To make a good board (Naut.), to sail in a straight line when closehauled; to lose little to leeward. To make short boards, to tack frequently. On board. (a) On shipboard; in a ship or a boat; on board of; as, I came on board early; to be on board ship. (b) In or into a railway car or train. [Colloq. U. S.] Returning board, a board empowered to canvass and make an official statement of the votes cast at an election. [U.S.] Board, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Boarding.] 1. To cover with boards or boarding; as, to board a house. The boarded hovel. Cowper. 2. [Cf. Board to accost, and see Board, n.] To go on board of, or enter, as a ship, whether in a hostile or a friendly way. You board an enemy to capture her, and a stranger to receive news or make a communication. Totten. 3. To enter, as a railway car. [Colloq. U. S.] 4. To furnish with regular meals, or with meals and lodgings, for compensation; to supply with daily meals. 5. To place at board, for compensation; as, to board one's horse at a livery stable. Board (?), v. i. To obtain meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for compensation; as, he boards at the hotel. We are several of us, gentlemen and ladies, who board in the same house. Spectator. Board, v. t. [F. aborder. See Abord, v. t.] To approach; to accost; to address; hence, to woo. [Obs.] I will board her, though she chide as loud As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack. Shak. Boardable (?), a. That can be boarded, as a ship. Boarder (?), n. 1. One who has food statedly at another's table, or meals and lodgings in his house, for pay, or compensation of any kind. 2. (Naut.) One who boards a ship; one selected to board an enemy's ship. Totten. Boarding, n. 1. (Naut.) The act of entering a ship, whether with a hostile or a friendly purpose. Both slain at one time, as they attempted the boarding of a frigate. Sir F. Drake. 2. The act of covering with boards; also, boards, collectively; or a covering made of boards. 3. The act of supplying, or the state of being supplied, with regular or specified meals, or with meals and lodgings, for pay. Boarding house, a house in which boarders are kept. Boarding nettings (Naut.), a strong network of cords or ropes erected at the side of a ship to prevent an enemy from boarding it. Boarding pike (Naut.), a pike used by sailors in boarding a vessel, or in repelling an attempt to board it. Totten. Boarding school, a school in which pupils receive board and lodging as well as instruction. Boarfish (?), n. (Zol.) (a) A Mediterranean fish (Capros aper), of the family Caproid; so called from the resemblance of the extended lips to a hog's snout. (b) An Australian percoid fish (Histiopterus recurvirostris), valued as a food fish. Boarish, a. Swinish; brutal; cruel. In his anointed flesh stick boarish fangs. Shak. Boast (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Boasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boasting.] [OE. bosten, boosten, v., bost, boost, n., noise, boasting; cf. G. bausen, bauschen, to swell, pusten, Dan. puste, Sw. pusta, to blow, Sw. psa to swell; or W. bostio to boast, bost boast, Gael. bosd. But these last may be from English.] 1. To vaunt one's self; to brag; to say or tell things which are intended to give others a high opinion of one's self or of things belonging to one's self; as, to boast of one's exploits courage, descent, wealth. ? grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of your selves: .. not of works, lest any man should boast. Eph. ii. 8, 9. 2. To speak in exulting language of another; to glory; to exult. In God we boast all the day long. Ps. xiiv. 8 Syn. To brag; bluster; vapor; crow; talk big. Boast, v. t. 1. To display in ostentatious language; to speak of with pride, vanity, or exultation, with a view to selfcommendation; to extol. Lest bad men should boast Their specious deeds. Milton. 2. To display vaingloriously. 3. To possess or have; as, to boast a name. To boast one's self, to speak with unbecoming confidence in, and approval of, one's self; followed by of and the thing to which the boasting relates. [Archaic] Boast not thyself of tomorrow. Prov. xxvii.? Boast, v. t. [Of uncertain etymology.] 1. (Masonry) To dress, as a stone, with a broad chisel. Weale. 2. (Sculp.) To shape roughly as a preparation for the finer work to follow; to cut to the general form required. Boast, n. 1. Act of boasting; vaunting or bragging. Reason and morals? and where live they most, In Christian comfort, or in Stoic boast! Byron. 2. The cause of boasting; occasion of pride or exultation, sometimes of laudable pride or exultation. The boast of historians. Macaulay. Boastance (?), n. Boasting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Boaster (?), n. One who boasts; a braggart. Boaster, n. A stone mason's broadfaced chisel. Boastful (?), a. Given to, or full of, boasting; inclined to boast; vaunting; vainglorious; selfpraising. Boastfully, adv. Boastfulness, n. Boasting, n. The act of glorying or vaunting; vainglorious speaking; ostentatious display. When boasting ends, then dignity begins. Young. Boastingly, adv. Boastfully; with boasting. He boastingly tells you. Burke. Boastive (?), a. Presumptuous. [R.] Boastless, a. Without boasting or ostentation. Boat (?), n. [OE. boot, bat, AS. bt; akin to Icel. btr, Sw. bt, Dan. baad, D.& G. boot. Cf. Bateau.] 1. A small open vessel, or water craft, usually moved by cars or paddles, but often by a sail. Different kinds of boats have different names; as, canoe, yawl, wherry, pinnace, punt, etc. 2. Hence, any vessel; usually with some epithet descriptive of its use or mode of propulsion; as, pilot boat, packet boat, passage boat, advice boat, etc. The term is sometimes applied to steam vessels, even of the largest class; as, the Cunard boats. 3. A vehicle, utensil, or dish, somewhat resembling a boat in shape; as, a stone boat; a gravy boat. <-- p. 161 --> Boat is much used either adjectively or in combination; as, boat builder or boatbuilder; boat building or boatbuilding; boat hook or boathook; boathouse; boat keeper or boatkeeper; boat load; boat race; boat racing; boat rowing; boat song; boatlike; boatshaped. Advice boat. See under Advice. Boat hook (Naut.), an iron hook with a point on the back, fixed to a long pole, to pull or push a boat, raft, log, etc. Totten. Boat rope, a rope for fastening a boat; usually called a painter. In same boat, in the same situation or predicament. [Colloq.] F. W. Newman. Boat (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boated; p. pr. & vb. n. Boating.] 1. To transport in a boat; as, to boat goods. 2. To place in a boat; as, to boat oars. To boat the oars. See under Oar. Boat, v. i. To go or row in a boat. I boated over, ran my craft aground. Tennyson. Boatable (?), a. 1. Such as can be transported in a boat. 2. Navigable for boats, or small river craft. The boatable waters of the Alleghany. J. Morse. Boatage (?), n. Conveyance by boat; also, a charge for such conveyance. Boatbill (?), n. (Zol.) 1. A wading bird (Cancroma cochlearia) of the tropical parts of South America. Its bill is somewhat like a boat with the keel uppermost. 2. A perching bird of India, of the genus Eurylaimus. Boat bug (?). (Zol.) An aquatic hemipterous insect of the genus Notonecta; so called from swimming on its back, which gives it the appearance of a little boat. Called also boat fly, boat insect, boatman, and water boatman. Boatful (?), n.; pl. Boatfuls. The quantity or amount that fills a boat. Boathouse (?), n. A house for sheltering boats. Half the latticed boathouse hides. Wordsworth. Boating, n. 1. The act or practice of rowing or sailing, esp. as an amusement; carriage in boats. 2. In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders, by laying them on the back in a covered boat, where they are left to perish. Boation (?), n. [L. boatus, fr. boare to roar.] A crying out; a roaring; a bellowing; reverberation. [Obs.] The guns were heard ... about a hundred Italian miles, in long boations. Derham. Boatman (?), n.; pl. Boatmen (?). 1. A man who manages a boat; a rower of a boat. As late the boatman hies him home. Percival. 2. (Zol.) A boat bug. See Boat bug. Boatmanship, n. The art of managing a boat. Boatshaped (?), a. (Bot.) See Cymbiform. Boat shell (?). (Zol.) (a) A marine gastropod of the genus Crepidula. The species are numerous. It is so named from its form and interior deck. (b) A marine univalve shell of the genus Cymba. Boatsman (?), n. A boatman. [Archaic] Boatswain (?), n. [Boat + swain.] 1. (Naut.) An officer who has charge of the boats, sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables, cordage, etc., of a ship, and who also summons the crew, and performs other duties. 2. (Zol.) (a) The jager gull. (b) The tropic bird. Boatswain's mate, an assistant of the boatswain. Totten. Boattail (?), n. (Zol.) A large grackle or blackbird (Quiscalus major), found in the Southern United States. Boatwoman (?), n.; pl. Boatwomen (?). A woman who manages a boat. Bob (?), n. [An onomatopoetic word, expressing quick, jerky motion; OE. bob bunch, bobben to strike, mock, deceive. Cf. Prov. Eng. bob, n., a ball, an engine beam, bunch, blast, trick, taunt, scoff; as, a v., to dance, to courtesy, to disappoint, OF. bober to mock.] 1. Anything that hangs so as to play loosely, or with a short abrupt motion, as at the end of a string; a pendant; as, the bob at the end of a kite's tail. In jewels dressed and at each ear a bob. Dryden. 2. A knot of worms, or of rags, on a string, used in angling, as for eels; formerly, a worm suitable for bait. Or yellow bobs, turned up before the plow, Are chiefest baits, with cork and lead enow. Lauson. 3. A small piece of cork or light wood attached to a fishing line to show when a fish is biting; a float. 4. The ball or heavy part of a pendulum; also, the ball or weight at the end of a plumb line. 5. A small wheel, made of leather, with rounded edges, used in polishing spoons, etc. 6. A short, jerking motion; act of bobbing; as, a bob of the head. 7. (Steam Engine) A working beam. 8. A knot or short curl of hair; also, a bob wig. A plain brown bob he wore. Shenstone. 9. A peculiar mode of ringing changes on bells. 10. The refrain of a song. To bed, to bed, will be the bob of the song. L'Estrange. 11. A blow; a shake or jog; a rap, as with the fist. 12. A jeer or flout; a sharp jest or taunt; a trick. He that a fool doth very wisely hit, Doth very foolishly, although he smart, Not to seem senseless of the bob. Shak. 13. A shilling. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens. Bob (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bobbing.] [OE. bobben. See Bob, n.] 1. To cause to move in a short, jerking manner; to move (a thing) with a bob. He bobbed his head. W. Irving. 2. To strike with a quick, light blow; to tap. If any man happened by long sitting to sleep... he was suddenly bobbed on the face by the servants. Elyot. 3. To cheat; to gain by fraud or cheating; to filch. Gold and jewels that I bobbed from him. Shak. 4. To mock or delude; to cheat. To play her pranks, and bob the fool, The shrewish wife began. Turbervile. 5. To cut short; as, to bob the hair, or a horse's tail. Bob, v. i. 1. To have a short, jerking motion; to play to and fro, or up and down; to play loosely against anything. Bobbing and courtesying. Thackeray. 2. To angle with a bob. See Bob, n., 2 & 3. He ne'er had learned the art to bob For anything but eels. Saxe. To bob at an apple, cherry, etc. to attempt to bite or seize with the mouth an apple, cherry, or other round fruit, while it is swinging from a string or floating in a tug of water. Bobac (?), n. (Zol.) The Poland marmot (Arctomys bobac). Bobance (?), n. [OF. bobance, F. bombance, boasting, pageantry, fr. L. bombus a humming, buzzing.] A boasting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bobber (?), n. One who, or that which, bobs. Bobbery (?), n. [Prob. an AngloIndian form of Hindi bp re O thou father! (a very disrespectful address).] A squabble; a tumult; a noisy disturbance; as, to raise a bobbery. [Low] Halliwell. Bobbin (?), n. [F. bobine; of uncertain origin; cf. L. bombus a humming, from the noise it makes, or Ir. & Gael. baban tassel, or E. bob.] 1. A small pin, or cylinder, formerly of bone, now most commonly of wood, used in the making of pillow lace. Each thread is wound on a separate bobbin which hangs down holding the thread at a slight tension. 2. A spool or reel of various material and construction, with a head at one or both ends, and sometimes with a hole bored through its length by which it may be placed on a spindle or pivot. It is used to hold yarn or thread, as in spinning or warping machines, looms, sewing machines, etc. 3. The little rounded piece of wood, at the end of a latch string, which is pulled to raise the latch. 4. (Haberdashery) A fine cord or narrow braid. 5. (Elec.) A cylindrical or spoolshaped coil or insulated wire, usually containing a core of soft iron which becomes magnetic when the wire is traversed by an electrical current. Bobbin and fly frame, a roving machine. Bobbin lace, lace made on a pillow with bobbins; pillow lace. Bobbinet (?), n. [Bobbin + net.] A kind of cotton lace which is wrought by machines, and not by hand. [Sometimes written bobbin net.] The English machinemade net is now confined to point net, warp net, and bobbin net, so called from the peculiar construction of the machines by which they are produced. Tomlinsom. Bobbinwork (?), n. Work woven with bobbins. Bobbish (?), a. Hearty; in good spirits. [Low, Eng.] Dickens. Bobby (?), n. A nickname for a policeman; from Sir Robert Peel, who remodeled the police force. See Peeler. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens. Bobcherry (?), n. A play among children, in which a cherry, hung so as to bob against the mouth, is to be caught with the teeth. Bobfly (?), n. (Fishing) The fly at the end of the leader; an end fly. Bobolink (?), n. (Zol.) An American singing bird (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). The male is black and white; the female is brown; called also, ricebird, reedbird, and Boblincoln. The happiest bird of our spring is the bobolink. W. Irving. Bobsled (?), Bobsleigh (?), n. A short sled, mostly used as one of a pair connected by a reach or coupling; also, the compound sled so formed. [U. S.] The long wagon body set on bobsleds. W. D. Howells. Bobstay (?), n. [Bob + stay.] (Naut.) A rope or chain to confine the bowsprit of a ship downward to the stem or cutwater; usually in the pl. Bobtail (?), n. [Bob + tail.] An animal (as a horse or dog) with a short tail. Rag, tag, and bobtail, the rabble. Bobtail, a. Bobtailed. Bobtail cur. Marryat. Bobtailed (?), a. Having the tail cut short, or naturally short; curtailed; as, a bobtailed horse or dog; a bobtailed coat. Bobwhite (?), n. (Zol.) The common qua? of North America (Colinus, or Ortyx, Virginianus); so called from its note. Bob wig (?). A short wig with bobs or short curls; called also bobtail wig. Spectator. Bocal (?), n. [F.] A cylindrical glass vessel, with a large and short neck. Bocardo (?), n. [A mnemonic word.] 1. (Logic) A form of syllogism of which the first and third propositions are particular negatives, and the middle term a universal affirmative. Baroko and Bocardo have been stumbling blocks to the logicians. Bowen. 2. A prison; originally the name of the old north gate in Oxford, which was used as a prison. [Eng.] Latimer. Bocasine (?), n. [F. bocassin, boucassin.] A sort of fine buckram. Bocca (?), n. [It., mouth.] The round hole in the furnace of a glass manufactory through which the fused glass is taken out. Craig. Boce (?), n. [L. box, bocis, Gr. ?, ?.] (Zol.) A European fish (Box vulgaris), having a compressed body and bright colors; called also box, and bogue. Bock beer (?). [G. bockbier; bock a buck + bier beer; said to be so named from its tendency to cause the drinker to caper like a goat.] A strong beer, originally made in Bavaria. [Also written buck beer.] Bockelet (?), n. (Zol.) A kind of longwinged hawk; called also bockerel, and bockeret. [Obs.] Bockey (?), n. [D. bokaal.] A bowl or vessel made from a gourd. [Local, New York] Bartlett. Bocking, n. A coarse woolen fabric, used for floor cloths, to cover carpets, etc.; so called from the town of Bocking, in England, where it was first made. Bockland (?), n. See Bookland. Boddice (?), n. See Bodick. Bode (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boded; p. pr. & vb. n. Boding.] [OE. bodien, AS. bodian to announce, tell from bod command; akin to Icel. bo?a to announce, Sw. bda to announce, portend. ?89. See Bid.] To indicate by signs, as future events; to be the omen of; to portend to presage; to foreshow. A raven that bodes nothing but mischief. Goldsmith. Good onset bodes good end. Spenser. Bode, v. i. To foreshow something; to augur. Whatever now The omen proved, it boded well to you. Dryden. Syn. To forebode; foreshadow; augur; betoken. Bode, n. 1. An omen; a foreshadowing. [Obs.] The owl eke, that of death the bode bringeth. Chaucer. 2. A bid; an offer. [Obs. or Dial.] Sir W. Scott Bode, n. [AS. boda; akin to OFries. boda, AS. bodo, OHG. boto. See Bode, v. t.] A messenger; a herald. Robertson. Bode, n. [See Abide.] A stop; a halting; delay. [Obs.] Bode, imp. & p. p. from Bide. Abode. There that night they bode. Tennyson. Bode, p. p. of Bid. Bid or bidden. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bodeful (?), a. Portentous; ominous. Carlyle. Bodement (?), n. An omen; a prognostic. [Obs.] This foolish, dreaming, superstitious girl Makes all these bodements. Shak. Bodge (?), n. A botch; a patch. [Dial.] Whitlock. Bodge (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bodged (?).] To botch; to mend clumsily; to patch. [Obs. or Dial.] Bodge, v. i. See Budge. Bodian (?), n. (Zol.) A large food fish (Diagramma lineatum), native of the East Indies. Bodice (?), n. [This is properly the plural of body, Oe. bodise a pair of bodies, equiv. to a bodice. Cf. Corset, and see Body.] 1. A kind of under waist stiffened with whalebone, etc., worn esp. by women; a corset; stays. 2. A closefitting outer waist or vest forming the upper part of a woman's dress, or a portion of it. Her bodice half way she unlaced. Prior. Bodiced (?), a. Wearing a bodice. Thackeray. Bodied (?), a. Having a body; usually in composition; as, ablebodied. A doe ... not altogether so fat, but very good flesh and good bodied. Hakluyt. Bodiless (?), a. 1. Having no body. 2. Without material form; incorporeal. Phantoms bodiless and vain. Swift. Bodiliness (?), n. Corporeality. Minsheu. Bodily (?), a. 1. Having a body or material form; physical; corporeal; consisting of matter. You are a mere spirit, and have no knowledge of the bodily part of us. Tatler. 2. Of or pertaining to the body, in distinction from the mind. Bodily defects. L'Estrange. 3. Real; actual; put in execution. [Obs.] Be brought to bodily act. Shak. Bodily fear, apprehension of physical injury. Syn. See Corporal. Bodily, adv. 1. Corporeally; in bodily form; united with a body or matter; in the body. For in him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily. Col.ii.9 2. In respect to, or so as to affect, the entire body of <-- p. 162 --> mass; entirely; all at once; completely; as, to carry away bodily. Leapt bodily below. Lowell. Boding (?), a. Foreshowing; presaging; ominous. Bodingly, adv. Boding, n. A prognostic; an omen; a foreboding. Bodkin (?), n. [OE. boydekyn dagger; of uncertain origin; cf. W. bidog hanger, short sword, Ir. bideog, Gael. biodag.] 1. A dagger. [Obs.] When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin. Shak. 2. (Needlework) An implement of steel, bone, ivory, etc., with a sharp point, for making holes by piercing; a ?tiletto; an eyeleteer. 3. (Print.) A sharp tool, like an awl, used for picking ?ut letters from a column or page in making corrections. 4. A kind of needle with a large eye and a blunt point, for drawing tape, ribbon, etc., through a loop or a hem; a tape needle. Wedged whole ages in a bodkin's eye. Pope. 5. A kind of pin used by women to fasten the hair. To sit, ride, or travel bodkin, to sit closely wedged between two persons. [Colloq.] Thackeray. Bodkin, n. See Baudekin. [Obs.] Shirley. Bodle (?), n. A small Scotch coin worth about one sixth of an English penny. Sir W.Scott. Bodleian , a. Of or pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley, or to the celebrated library at Oxford, founded by him in the sixteenth century. Bodock (?), n. [Corrupt. fr. bois d'arc.] The Osage orange. [Southwestern U.S.] Bodrage (?), n. [Prob. of Celtic origin: cf. Bordrage.] A raid. [Obs.] Body (?), n.; pl. Bodies (?). [OE. bodi, AS. bodig; akin to OHG. botah. ?257. Cf. Bodice.] 1. The material organized substance of an animal, whether living or dead, as distinguished from the spirit, or vital principle; the physical person. Absent in body, but present in spirit. 1 Cor. v. 3 For of the soul the body form doth take. For soul is form, and doth the body make. Spenser. 2. The trunk, or main part, of a person or animal, as distinguished from the limbs and head; the main, central, or principal part, as of a tree, army, country, etc. Who set the body and the limbs Of this great sport together? Shak. The van of the king's army was led by the general; ... in the body was the king and the prince. Clarendon. Rivers that run up into the body of Italy. Addison. 3. The real, as opposed to the symbolical; the substance, as opposed to the shadow. Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ. Col.ii. 17. 4. A person; a human being; frequently in composition; as, anybody, nobody. A dry, shrewd kind of a body. W. Irving. 5. A number of individuals spoken of collectively, usually as united by some common tie, or as organized for some purpose; a collective whole or totality; a corporation; as, a legislative body; a clerical body. A numerous body led unresistingly to the slaughter. Prescott. 6. A number of things or particulars embodied in a system; a general collection; as, a great body of facts; a body of laws or of divinity. 7. Any mass or portion of matter; any substance distinct from others; as, a metallic body; a moving body; an ariform body. A body of cold air. Huxley. By collision of two bodies, grind The air attrite to fire. Milton. 8. Amount; quantity; extent. 9. That part of a garment covering the body, as distinguished from the parts covering the limbs. 10. The bed or box of a vehicle, on or in which the load is placed; as, a wagon body; a cart body. 11. (Print.) The shank of a type, or the depth of the shank (by which the size is indicated); as, a nonpareil face on an agate body. 12. (Geom.) A figure that has length, breadth, and thickness; any solid figure. 13. Consistency; thickness; substance; strength; as, this color has body; wine of a good body. Colors bear a body when they are capable of being ground so fine, and of being mixed so entirely with oil, as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color. After body (Naut.), the part of a ship abaft the dead flat. Body cavity (Anat.), the space between the walls of the body and the inclosed viscera; the clum; in mammals, divided by the diaphragm into thoracic and abdominal cavities. Body of a church, the nave. Body cloth; pl. Body cloths; a cloth or blanket for covering horses. Body clothes. (pl.) 1. Clothing for the body; esp. underclothing. 2. Body cloths for horses. [Obs.] Addison. Body coat, a gentleman's dress coat. Body color (Paint.), a pigment that has consistency, thickness, or body, in distinction from a tint or wash. Body of a law (Law), the main and operative part. Body louse (Zol.), a species of louse (Pediculus vestimenti), which sometimes infests the human body and clothes. See Grayback. Body plan (Shipbuilding), an end elevation, showing the conbour of the sides of a ship at certain points of her length. Body politic, the collective body of a nation or state as politically organized, or as exercising political functions; also, a corporation. Wharton. As to the persons who compose the body politic or associate themselves, they take collectively the name of people, or nation. Bouvier. Body servant, a valet. The bodies seven (Alchemy), the metals corresponding to the planets. [Obs.] Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe (=call), Mars yren (=iron), Mercurie quicksilver we clepe, Saturnus lead, and Jupiter is tin, and Venus coper. Chaucer. Body snatcher, one who secretly removes without right or authority a dead body from a grave, vault, etc.; a resurrectionist. Body snatching (Law), the unauthorized removal of a dead body from the grave; usually for the purpose of dissection. Body (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bodying.] To furnish with, or as with, a body; to produce in definite shape; to embody. To body forth, to give from or shape to mentally. Imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown. Shak. Bodyguard (?), n. 1. A guard to protect or defend the person; a lifeguard. 2. Retinue; attendance; following. Bp. Porteus. Botian (?), a. [L. Boeotia, Gr. ?, noted for its moist, thick atmosphere, and the dullness and stupidity of its inhabitants.] Of or pertaining to Botia; hence, stupid; dull; obtuse. n. A native of Botia; also, one who is dull and ignorant. Boer (?), n. [D., a farmer. See Boor.] A colonist or farmer in South Africa of Dutch descent. Boes (?), 3d sing. pr. of Behove. Behoves or behooves. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bog (?), n. [Ir. & Gael. bog soft, tender, moist: cf. Ir. bogach bog, moor, marsh, Gael. bogan quagmire.] 1. A quagmire filled with decayed moss and other vegetable matter; wet spongy ground where a heavy body is apt to sink; a marsh; a morass. Appalled with thoughts of bog, or caverned pit, Of treacherous earth, subsiding where they tread. R. Jago. 2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp. [Local, U. S.] Bog bean. See Buck bean. Bog bumper (bump to make a loud noise), Bog blitter, Bog bluiter, or Bog jumper, the bittern. [Prov.] Bog butter, a hydrocarbon of butterlike consistence found in the peat bogs of Ireland. Bog earth (Min.), a soil composed for the most part of silex and partially decomposed vegetable fiber. P. Cyc. Bog moss. (Bot.) Same as Sphagnum. Bog myrtle (Bot.), the sweet gale. Bog ore. (Min.) (a) An ore of iron found in boggy or swampy land; a variety of brown iron ore, or limonite. (b) Bog manganese, the hydrated peroxide of manganese. Bog rush (Bot.), any rush growing in bogs; saw grass. Bog spavin. See under Spavin. Bog, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bogging.] To sink, as into a bog; to submerge in a bog; to cause to sink and stick, as in mud and mire. At another time, he was bogged up to the middle in the slough of Lochend. Sir W. Scott. Bogberry (?), n. (Bot.) The small cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus), which grows in boggy places. Bogey (?), n. A goblin; a bugbear. See Bogy. Boggard (?), n. A bogey. [Local, Eng.] Boggle (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Boggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boggling (?).] [ See Bogle, n.] 1. To stop or hesitate as if suddenly frightened, or in doubt, or impeded by unforeseen difficulties; to take alarm; to exhibit hesitancy and indecision. We start and boggle at every unusual appearance. Glanvill. Boggling at nothing which serveth their purpose. Barrow. 2. To do anything awkwardly or unskillfully. 3. To play fast and loose; to dissemble. Howell. Syn. To doubt; hesitate; shrink; stickle; demur. Boggle, v. t. To embarrass with difficulties; to make a bungle or botch of. [Local, U. S.] Boggler (?), n. One who boggles. Bogglish (?), a. Doubtful; skittish. [Obs.] Boggy (?), a. Consisting of, or containing, a bog or bogs; of the nature of a bog; swampy; as, boggy land. Bogie (?), n. [A dialectic word. N. of Eng. & Scot.] A fourwheeled truck, having a certain amount of play around a vertical axis, used to support in part a locomotive on a railway track. Bogle (?), n. [Scot. and North Eng. bogle, bogill, bugill, specter; as a verb, to terrify, fr. W. bwgwl threatening, fear, bwg, bwgan, specter, hobgoblin. Cf. Bug.] A goblin; a specter; a frightful phantom; a bogy; a bugbear. [Written also boggle.] Bogsucker (?), n. (Zol.) The American woodcock; so called from its feeding among the bogs. Bogtrotter (?), n. One who lives in a boggy country; applied in derision to the lowest class of Irish. Halliwell. Bogtrotting (?), a. Living among bogs. Bogue (?), v. i. (Naut.) To fall off from the wind; to edge away to leeward; said only of inferior craft. Bogue (?), n. (Zol.) The boce; called also bogue bream. See Boce. Bogus (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Spurious; fictitious; sham; a cant term originally applied to counterfeit coin, and hence denoting anything counterfeit. [Colloq. U. S.] Bogus, n. A liquor made of rum and molasses. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. Bogwood (?), n. The wood of trees, esp. of oaks, dug up from peat bogs. It is of a shining black or ebony color, and is largely used for making ornaments. Bogy (?), n.; pl. Bogies (?). [See Bogle.] A specter; a hobgoblin; a bugbear. Death's heads and bogies. J. H. Newman. [Written also bogey.] There are plenty of such foolish attempts at playing bogy in the history of savages. C. Kingsley. Bohea (?), n. [From Wui, pronounced by the Chinese bui, the name of the hills where this kind of tea is grown.] Bohea tea, an inferior kind of black tea. See under Tea. The name was formerly applied to superior kinds of black tea, or to black tea in general. Bohemia (?), n. 1. A country of central Europe. 2. Fig.: The region or community of social Bohemians. See Bohemian, n., 3. She knew every one who was any one in the land of Bohemia. Compton Reade. Bohemian (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Bohemia, or to the language of its ancient inhabitants or their descendants. See Bohemian, n., 2. 2. Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or Bohemian (see Bohemian, n., 3); vagabond; unconventional; free and easy. [Modern] Hers was a pleasant Bohemian life till she was five and thirty. Blackw. Mag. Artists have abandoned their Bohemian manners and customs nowadays. W. Black. Bohemian chatterer, or Bohemian waxwing (Zol.), a small bird of Europe and America (Ampelis garrulus); the waxwing. Bohemian glass, a variety of hard glass of fine quality, made in Bohemia. It is of variable composition, containing usually silica, lime, and potash, rarely soda, but no lead. It is often remarkable for beauty of color. Bohemian (?), n. 1. A native of Bohemia. 2. The language of the Czechs (the ancient inhabitants of Bohemia), the richest and most developed of the dialects of the Slavic family. 3. A restless vagabond; originally, an idle stroller or gypsy (as in France) thought to have come from Bohemia; in later times often applied to an adventurer in art or literature, of irregular, unconventional habits, questionable tastes, or free morals. [Modern] In this sense from the French bohmien, a gypsy; also, a person of irregular habits. She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and mother, who were both Bohemians by taste and circumstances. Thackeray. Bohemianism (?), n. The characteristic conduct or methods of a Bohemian. [Modern] Bohun upas (?). See Upas. Boiar (?), n. See Boyar. Boil (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Boiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boiling.] [OE. boilen, OF. boilir, builir, F. bouillir, fr. L. bullire to be in a bubbling motion, from bulla bubble; akin to Gr. ?, Lith. bumbuls. Cf. Bull an edict, Budge, v., and Ebullition.] 1. To be agitated, or tumultuously moved, as a liquid by the generation and rising of bubbles of steam (or vapor), or of currents produced by heating it to the boiling point; to be in a state of ebullition; as, the water boils. 2. To be agitated like boiling water, by any other cause than heat; to bubble; to effervesce; as, the boiling waves. He maketh the deep to boil like a pot. Job xii. 31. 3. To pass from a liquid to an ariform state or vapor when heated; as, the water boils away. 4. To be moved or excited with passion; to be hot or fervid; as, his blood boils with anger. Then boiled my breast with flame and burning wrath. Surrey. 5. To be in boiling water, as in cooking; as, the potatoes are boiling. To boil away, to vaporize; to evaporate or be evaporated by the action of heat. To boil over, to run over the top of a vessel, as liquid when thrown into violent agitation by heat or other cause of effervescence; to be excited with ardor or passion so as to lose selfcontrol. Boil, v.t. 1. To heat to the boiling point, or so as to cause ebullition; as, to boil water. 2. To form, or separate, by boiling or evaporation; as, to boil sugar or salt. 3. To subject to the action of heat in a boiling liquid so as to produce some specific effect, as cooking, cleansing, etc.; as, to boil meat; to boil clothes. The stomach cook is for the hall, And boileth meate for them all. Gower. 4. To steep or soak in warm water. [Obs.] To try whether seeds be old or new, the sense can not inform; but if you boil them in water, the new seeds will sprout sooner. Bacon. To boil down, to reduce in bulk by boiling; as, to boil down sap or sirup. Boil, n. Act or state of boiling. [Colloq.] Boil, n. [Influenced by boil, v. See Beal, Bile.] A hard, painful, inflamed tumor, which, on suppuration, discharges pus, mixed with blood, and discloses a small fibrous mass of dead tissue, called the core. A blind boil, one that suppurates imperfectly, or fails to come to a head. Delhi boil (Med.), a peculiar affection of the skin, probably parasitic in origin, prevailing in India (as among the British troops) and especially at Delhi. Boilary (?), n. See Boilery. Boiled (?), a. Dressed or cooked by boiling; subjected to the action of a boiling liquid; as, boiled meat; a boiled dinner; boiled clothes. Boiler (?), n. 1. One who boils. 2. A vessel in which any thing is boiled. The word boiler is a generic term covering a great variety of kettles, saucepans, clothes boilers, evaporators, coppers, retorts, etc. 3. (Mech.) A strong metallic vessel, usually of wrought iron plates riveted together, or a composite structure variously formed, in which steam is generated for driving engines, or for heating, cooking, or other purposes. The earliest steam boilers were usually spheres or sections of spheres, heated wholly from the outside. Watt used the wagon boiler (shaped like the top of a covered wagon) which is still used with low pressures. Most of the boilers in present use may be classified as plain cylinder boilers, flue boilers, sectional and tubular boilers. Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part containing the flues. Boiler plate, Boiler iron, plate or rolled iron of about a quarter to a half inch in thickness, used for making boilers and tanks, for covering ships, etc. Cylinder boiler, one which consists of a single iron cylinder. Flue boilers are usually single shells containing a small <-- p. 163 --> number of large flues, through which the heat either passes from the fire or returns to the chimney, and sometimes containing a fire box inclosed by water. Locomotive boiler, a boiler which contains an inclosed fire box and a large number of small flues leading to the chimney. Multiflue boiler. Same as Tubular boiler, below. Sectional boiler, a boiler composed of a number of sections, which are usually of small capacity and similar to, and connected with, each other. By multiplication of the sections a boiler of any desired capacity can be built up. Tubular boiler, a boiler containing tubes which form flues, and are surrounded by the water contained in the boiler. See Illust. of Steam boiler, under Steam. Tubulous boiler. See under Tubulous. See Tube, n., 6, and 1st Flue. Boilery (?), n. [Cf. F. bouillerie.] A place and apparatus for boiling, as for evaporating brine in salt making. Boiling, a. Heated to the point of bubbling; heaving with bubbles; in tumultuous agitation, as boiling liquid; surging; seething; swelling with heat, ardor, or passion. Boiling point, the temperature at which a fluid is converted into vapor, with the phenomena of ebullition. This is different for different liquids, and for the same liquid under different pressures. For water, at the level of the sea, barometer 30 in., it is 212 ? Fahrenheit; for alcohol, 172.96?; for ether, 94.8?; for mercury, about 675?. The boiling point of water is lowered one degree Fahrenheit for about 550 feet of ascent above the level of the sea. Boiling spring, a spring which gives out very hot water, or water and steam, often ejecting it with much force; a geyser. To be at the boiling point, to be very angry. To keep the pot boiling, to keep going on actively, as in certain games. [Colloq.] Boiling, n. 1. The act of ebullition or of tumultuous agitation. 2. Exposure to the action of a hot liquid. Boilingly, adv. With boiling or ebullition. And lakes of bitumen rise boiling higher. Byron. Bois d'arc (?). [F., bow wood. So called because used for bows by the Western Indians.] (Bot.) The Osage orange (Maclura aurantiaca). The bois d'arc seems to be the characteristic growth of the black prairies. U. S. Census (1880). Bois durci (?). [F., hardened wood.] A hard, highly polishable composition, made of fine sawdust from hard wood (as rosewood) mixed with blood, and pressed. Boist (?), n. [OF. boiste, F. bote, from the same root as E. box.] A box. [Obs.] Boisterous (?), a. [OE. boistous; of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwyst wild, savage, wildness, ferocity, bwystus ferocious.] 1. Rough or rude; unbending; unyielding; strong; powerful. [Obs.] Boisterous sword. Boisterous hand. Shak. 2. Exhibiting tumultuous violence and fury; acting with noisy turbulence; violent; rough; stormy. The waters swell before a boisterous storm. Shak. The brute and boisterous force of violent men. Milton. 3. Noisy; rough; turbulent; as, boisterous mirth; boisterous behavior. I like not that loud, boisterous man. Addison. 4. Vehement; excessive. [R.] The heat becomes too powerful and boisterous for them. Woodward. Syn. Loud; roaring; violent; stormy; turbulent; furious; tumultuous; noisy; impetuous; vehement. Boisterously, adv. In a boisterous manner. Boisterousness, n. The state or quality of being boisterous; turbulence; disorder; tumultuousness. Boistous (?), a. Rough or rude; coarse; strong; violent; boisterous; noisy. [Obs.] Chaucer. Boistously, adv. Boistousness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bojanus organ (?). [From Bojanus, the discoverer.] (Zol.) A glandular organ of bivalve mollusca, serving in part as a kidney. Bokadam (?), n. (Zol.) See Cerberus. Boke, v. t. & i. To poke; to thrust. [Obs. or Dial.] Bolar (?), a. [See Bole clay.] Of or pertaining to bole or clay; partaking of the nature and qualities of bole; clayey. Bolas (?), n. sing. & pl. [Sp.] A kind of missile weapon consisting of one, two, or more balls of stone, iron, or other material, attached to the ends of a leather cord; used by the Gauchos of South America, and others, for hurling at and entangling an animal. Bold (?), a. [OE. bald, bold, AS. bald, beald; akin to Icel. ballr, OHG. bald, MHG. balt, D. boud, Goth. bal?ei boldness, It. baldo. In Ger. there remains only bald, adv. soon. Cf. Bawd, n.] 1. Forward to meet danger; venturesome; daring; not timorous or shrinking from risk; brave; courageous. Throngs of knights and barons bold. Milton. 2. Exhibiting or requiring spirit and contempt of danger; planned with courage; daring; vigorous. The bold design leased highly. Milton. 3. In a bad sense, too forward; taking undue liberties; over assuming or confident; lacking proper modesty or restraint; rude; impudent. Thou art too wild, too rude and bold of voice. Shak. 4. Somewhat overstepping usual bounds, or conventional rules, as in art, literature, etc.; taking liberties in o composition or expression; as, the figures of an author are bold. Bold tales. Waller. The cathedral church is a very bold work. Addison. 5. Standing prominently out to view; markedly conspicuous; striking the eye; in high relief. Shadows in painting ... make the figure bolder. Dryden. 6. Steep; abrupt; prominent. Where the bold cape its warning forehead rears. Trumbull. Bold eagle (Zol.), an Australian eagle (Aquila audax), which destroys lambs and even the kangaroo. To make bold, to take liberties or the liberty; to venture. Syn. Courageous; daring; brave; intrepid; fearless; dauntless; valiant; manful; audacious; stouthearted; highspirited; adventurous; confident; strenuous; forward; impudent. Bold (?), v. t. To make bold or daring. [Obs.] Shak. Bold, v. i. To be or become bold. [Obs.] Bolden (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boldened (?). ] To make bold; to encourage; to embolden. Ready speakers, being boldened with their present abilities to say more, ... use less help of diligence and study. Ascham. Boldfaced (?), a. 1. Somewhat impudent; lacking modesty; as, a boldfaced woman. I have seen enough to confute all the boldfaced atheists of this age. Bramhall. 2. (Print.) Having a conspicuous or heavy face. This line is boldfaced nonpareil.? Boldly, adv. [AS. bealdlce.] In a bold manner. Boldness, n. The state or quality of being bold. Syn. Courage; bravery; intrepidity; dauntlessness; hardihood; assurance. Boldo (?), Boldu (?), } n. (Bot.) A fragrant evergreen shrub of Chili (Peumus Boldus). The bark is used in tanning, the wood for making charcoal, the leaves in medicine, and the drupes are eaten. Bole (?), n. [OE. bole, fr. Icel. bolr; akin to Sw. bl, Dan. bul, trunk, stem of a tree, G. bohle a thick plank or board; cf. LG. boll round. Cf. Bulge.] The trunk or stem of a tree, or that which is like it. Enormous elmtree boles did stoop and lean. Tennyson. Bole, n. [Etym. doubtful.] An aperture, with a wooden shutter, in the wall of a house, for giving, occasionally, air or light; also, a small closet. [Scot.] Open the bole wi'speed, that I may see if this be the right Lord Geraldin. Sir W. Scott. Bole, n. A measure. See Boll, n., 2. Mortimer. Bole, n. [Gr. ? a clod or lump of earth: cf. F. bol, and also L. bolus morsel. Cf. Bolus.] 1. Any one of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually colored more or less strongly red by oxide of iron, and used to color and adulterate various substances. It was formerly used in medicine. It is composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia. See Clay, and Terra alba. 2. A bolus; a dose. Coleridge. Armenian bole. See under Armenian. Bole Armoniac, or Armoniak, Armenian bole. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bolection (?), n. (Arch.) A projecting molding round a panel. Same as Bilection. Gwilt. Bolero (?), n. [Sp.] (Mus.) A Spanish dance, or the lively music which accompanies it. Boletic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the Boletus. Boletic acid, an acid obtained from the Boletus fomentarius, variety pseudoigniarius. Same as Fumaric acid. Boletus (?), n. [L. boletus, Gr. ?.] (Bot.) A genus of fungi having the under side of the pileus or cap composed of a multitude of fine separate tubes. A few are edible, and others very poisonous. Boley, Bolye (?), n. Same as Booly. Bolide (?), n. [F. See Bolis.] A kind of meteor; a bolis. Bolis, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? missile, arrow, fr. ? to throw.] A meteor or brilliant shooting star, followed by a train of light or sparks; esp. one which explodes. Bolivian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Bolivia. n. A native of Bolivia. Boll (?), n. [OE. bolle boll, bowl, AS. bolla. See Bowl a vessel.] 1. The pod or capsule of a plant, as of flax or cotton; a pericarp of a globular form. 2. A Scotch measure, formerly in use: for wheat and beans it contained four Winchester bushels; for oats, barley, and potatoes, six bushels. A boll of meal is 140 lbs. avoirdupois. Also, a measure for salt of two bushels. [Sometimes spelled bole.] Boll, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Bolled (?).] To form a boll or seed vessel; to go to seed. The barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled. Ex. ix. 31. Bollandists (?), n. pl. The Jesuit editors of the Acta Sanctorum, or Lives of the Saints; named from John Bolland, who began the work. Bollard (?), n. [Cf. Bole the stem of a tree, and Pollard.] An upright wooden or iron post in a boat or on a dock, used in veering or fastening ropes. Bollard timber (Naut.), a timber, also called a knighthead, rising just within the stem in a ship, on either side of the bowsprit, to secure its end. Bollen (?), a. See Boln, a. Bolling (?), n. [Cf. Bole stem of a tree, and Poll, v. t.] A tree from which the branches have been cut; a pollard. Bollworm (?), n. (Zol.) The larva of a moth (Heliothis armigera) which devours the bolls or unripe pods of the cotton plant, often doing great damage to the crops. Boln (?), v. i. [OE. bolnen, bollen; cf. Dan. bulne. Cf. Bulge.] To swell; to puff. Holland. Boln (?), Bollen (?), } a. Swollen; puffed out. Thin, and boln out like a sail. B. Jonson. Bologna (?), n. 1. A city of Italy which has given its name to various objects. 2. A Bologna sausage. Bologna sausage [It. salsiccia di Bologna], a large sausage made of bacon or ham, veal, and pork, chopped fine and inclosed in a skin. Bologna stone (Min.), radiated barite, or barium sulphate, found in roundish masses composed of radiating fibers, first discovered near Bologna. It is phosphorescent when calcined. Bologna vial, a vial of unannealed glass which will fly into pieces when its surface is scratched by a hard body, as by dropping into it a fragment of flint; whereas a bullet may be dropped into it without injury. Bolognese (?), a. Of or pertaining to Bologna. n. A native of Bologna. Bolognese school (Paint.), a school of painting founded by the Carracci, otherwise called the Lombard or Eclectic school, the object of which was to unite the excellences of the preceding schools. Bolognian (?), a. & n. Bolognese. Bolognian stone. See Bologna stone, under Bologna. Bolometer (?), n. [Gr. ? a stroke, ray + meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring minute quantities of radiant heat, especially in different parts of the spectrum; called also actinic balance, thermic balance. S. P. Langley. Bolster (?), n. [AS. bolster; akin to Icel. b?lstr, Sw. & Dan. bolster, OHG. bolstar, polstar, G. polster; from the same root as E. bole stem, bowl hollow vessel. Cf. Bulge, Poltroon.] 1. A long pillow or cushion, used to support the head of a person lying on a bed; generally laid under the pillows. And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster, This way the coverlet, another way the sheets. Shak. 2. A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder pressure, support any part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part; a compress. This arm shall be a bolster for thy head. Gay. 3. Anything arranged to act as a support, as in various forms of mechanism, etc. 4. (Saddlery) A cushioned or a piece part of a saddle. 5. (Naut.) (a) A cushioned or a piece of soft wood covered with tarred canvas, placed on the trestletrees and against the mast, for the collars of the shrouds to rest on, to prevent chafing. (b) Anything used to prevent chafing. 6. A plate of iron or a mass of wood under the end of a bridge girder, to keep the girder from resting directly on the abutment. 7. A transverse bar above the axle of a wagon, on which the bed or body rests. 8. The crossbeam forming the bearing piece of the body of a railway car; the central and principal cross beam of a car truck. 9. (Mech.) the perforated plate in a punching machine on which anything rests when being punched. 10. (Cutlery) (a) That part of a knife blade which abuts upon the end of the handle. (b) The metallic end of a pocketknife handle. G. Francis. 11. (Arch.) The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital. G. Francis. 12. (Mil.) A block of wood on the carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests when arranged for transportation. [See Illust. of Gun carriage.] Bolster work (Arch.), members which are bellied or curved outward like cushions, as in friezes of certain classical styles. Bolster, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bolstered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bolstering.] 1. To support with a bolster or pillow. S. Sharp. 2. To support, hold up, or maintain with difficulty or unusual effort; often with up. To bolster baseness. Drayton. Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a factitious pride. Compton Reade. Bolstered (?), a. 1. Supported; upheld. 2. Swelled out. Bolsterer (?), n. A supporter. Bolt (?), n. [AS. bolt; akin to Icel. bolti, Dan. bolt, D. bout, OHG. bolz, G. bolz, bolzen; of uncertain origin.] 1. A shaft or missile intended to be shot from a crossbow or catapult, esp. a short, stout, bluntheaded arrow; a quarrel; an arrow, or that which resembles an arrow; a dart. Look that the crossbowmen lack not bolts. Sir W. Scott. A fool's bolt is soon shot. Shak. 2. Lightning; a thunderbolt. 3. A strong pin, of iron or other material, used to fasten or hold something in place, often having a head at one end and screw thread cut upon the other end. 4. A sliding catch, or fastening, as for a door or gate; the portion of a lock which is shot or withdrawn by the action of the key. 5. An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a shackle; a fetter. [Obs.] Away with him to prison! lay bolts enough upon him. Shak. 6. A compact package or roll of cloth, as of canvas or silk, often containing about forty yards. 7. A bundle, as of oziers. Bolt auger, an auger of large size; an auger to make holes for the bolts used by shipwrights. Bolt and nut, a metallic pin with a head formed upon one end, and a movable piece (the nut) screwed upon a thread cut upon the other end. See B, C, and D, in illust. above. See Tap bolt, Screw bolt, and Stud bolt. Bolt, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bolting.] 1. To shoot; to discharge or drive forth. <-- p. 164 --> 2. To utter precipitately; to blurt or throw out. I hate when Vice can bolt her arguments. Milton. 3. To swallow without chewing; as, to bolt food. 4. (U. S. Politics) To refuse to support, as a nomination made by a party to which one has belonged or by a caucus in which one has taken part. 5. (Sporting) To cause to start or spring forth; to dislodge, as conies, rabbits, etc. 6. To fasten or secure with, or as with, a bolt or bolts, as a door, a timber, fetters; to shackle; to restrain. Let tenfold iron bolt my door. Langhorn. Which shackles accidents and bolts up change. Shak. Bolt (?), v. i. 1. To start forth like a bolt or arrow; to spring abruptly; to come or go suddenly; to dart; as, to bolt out of the room. This Puck seems but a dreaming dolt, ... And oft out of a bush doth bolt. Drayton. 2. To strike or fall suddenly like a bolt. His cloudless thunder bolted on their heads. Milton. 3. To spring suddenly aside, or out of the regular path; as, the horse bolted. 4. (U.S. Politics) To refuse to support a nomination made by a party or a caucus with which one has been connected; to break away from a party. Bolt, adv. In the manner of a bolt; suddenly; straight; unbendingly. [He] came bolt up against the heavy dragoon. Thackeray. Bolt upright. (a) Perfectly upright; perpendicular; straight up; unbendingly erect. Addison. (b) On the back at full length. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bolt, n. [From Bolt, v. i.] 1. A sudden spring or start; a sudden spring aside; as, the horse made a bolt. 2. A sudden flight, as to escape creditors. This gentleman was so hopelessly involved that he contemplated a bolt to America or anywhere. Compton Reade. 3. (U. S. Politics) A refusal to support a nomination made by the party with which one has been connected; a breaking away from one's party. Bolt, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Bolting.] [OE. bolten, boulten, OF. buleter, F. bluter, fr. Ll. buletare, buratare, cf. F. bure coarse woolen stuff; fr. L. burrus red. See Borrel, and cf. Bultel.] 1. To sift or separate the coarser from the finer particles of, as bran from flour, by means of a bolter; to separate, assort, refine, or purify by other means. He now had bolted all the flour. Spenser. Ill schooled in bolted language. Shak. 2. To separate, as if by sifting or bolting; with out. Time and nature will bolt out the truth of things. L'Estrange. 3. (Law) To discuss or argue privately, and for practice, as cases at law. Jacob. To bolt to the bran, to examine thoroughly, so as to separate or discover everything important. Chaucer. This bolts the matter fairly to the bran. Harte. The report of the committee was examined and sifted and bolted to the bran. Burke. Bolt, n. A sieve, esp. a long fine sieve used in milling for bolting flour and meal; a bolter. B. Jonson. Boltel (?), n. See Boultel. Bolter (?), n. One who bolts; esp.: (a) A horse which starts suddenly aside. (b) A man who breaks away from his party. Bolter, n. 1. One who sifts flour or meal. 2. An instrument or machine for separating bran from flour, or the coarser part of meal from the finer; a sieve. Bolter, n. A kind of fishing line. See Boulter. Bolthead (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A long, straightnecked, glass vessel for chemical distillations; called also a matrass or receiver. 2. The head of a bolt. Bolting, n. A darting away; a starting off or aside. Bolting, n. 1. A sifting, as of flour or meal. 2. (Law) A private arguing of cases for practice by students, as in the Inns of Court. [Obs.] Bolting cloth, wire, hair, silk, or other sieve cloth of different degrees of fineness; used by millers for sifting flour. McElrath. Bolting hutch, a bin or tub for the bolted flour or meal; (fig.) a receptacle. Boltonite (?), n. (Min.) A granular mineral of a grayish or yellowish color, found in Bolton, Massachusetts. It is a silicate of magnesium, belonging to the chrysolite family. Boltrope (?), n. (Naut.) A rope stitched to the edges of a sail to strengthen the sail. Boltsprit (?), n. [A corruption of bowsprit.] (Naut.) See Bowsprit. Bolty (?), n. (Zol.) An edible fish of the Nile (genus Chromis). [Written also bulti.] Bolus (?), n.; pl. Boluses (?). [L. bolus bit, morsel; cf. G. ? lump of earth. See Bole, n., clay.] A rounded mass of anything, esp. a large pill. Bom (?), n. (Zol.) A large American serpent, so called from the sound it makes. Bomb (?), n. [F. bombe bombshell, fr. L. bombus a humming or buzzing noise, Gr. ?.] 1. A great noise; a hollow sound. [Obs.] A pillar of iron ... which if you had struck, would make ... a great bomb in the chamber beneath. Bacon. 2. (Mil.) A shell; esp. a spherical shell, like those fired from mortars. See Shell. 3. A bomb ketch. Bomb chest (Mil.), a chest filled with bombs, or only with gunpowder, placed under ground, to cause destruction by its explosion. Bomb ketch, Bomb vessel (Naut.), a small ketch or vessel, very strongly built, on which mortars are mounted to be used in naval bombardments; called also mortar vessel. Bomb lance, a lance or harpoon with an explosive head, used in whale fishing. Volcanic bomb, a mass of lava of a spherical or pear shape. I noticed volcanic bombs. Darwin. Bomb, v. t. To bombard. [Obs.] Prior. Bomb, v. i. [Cf. Boom.] To sound; to boom; to make a humming or buzzing sound. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Bombace (?), n. [OF.] Cotton; padding. [Obs.] Bombard (?), n. [F. bombarde, LL. bombarda, fr. L. bombus + ard. Cf. Bumper, and see Bomb.] 1. (Gun.) A piece of heavy ordnance formerly used for throwing stones and other ponderous missiles. It was the earliest kind of cannon. They planted in divers places twelve great bombards, wherewith they threw huge stones into the air, which, falling down into the city, might break down the houses. Knolles. 2. A bombardment. [Poetic & R.] J. Barlow. 3. A large drinking vessel or can, or a leather bottle, for carrying liquor or beer. [Obs.] Yond same black cloud, yond huge one, looks like a foul bombard that would shed his liquor. Shak. 4. pl. Padded breeches. [Obs.] Bombard phrase, inflated language; bombast. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Bombard (?), n. [OE. bombarde, fr. F. bombarde.] (Mus.) See Bombardo. [Obs.] Bombard (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bombarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bombarding.] To attack with bombards or with artillery; especially, to throw shells, hot shot, etc., at or into. Next, she means to bombard Naples. Burke. His fleet bombarded and burnt down Dieppe. Wood. Bombardier (?), n. [F. bombardier.] (Mil.) (a) One who used or managed a bombard; an artilleryman; a gunner. [Archaic] (b) A noncommissioned officer in the British artillery. Bombardier beetle (Zol.), a kind of beetle (Brachinus crepitans), so called because, when disturbed, it makes an explosive discharge of a pungent and acrid vapor from its anal glands. The name is applied to other related species, as the B. displosor, which can produce ten or twelve explosions successively. The common American species is B. fumans. Bombardman (?), n. One who carried liquor or beer in a can or bombard. [Obs.] They ... made room for a bombardman that brought bouge for a country lady. B. Jonson. Bombardment (?), n. [F. bombardement.] An attack upon a fortress or fortified town, with shells, hot shot, rockets, etc.; the act of throwing bombs and shot into a town or fortified place. Bombardo (?), Bombardon (?), } n. [It. bombardo.] (Mus.) Originally, a deeptoned instrument of the oboe or bassoon family; thence, a bass reed stop on the organ. The name bombardon is now given to a brass instrument, the lowest of a saxhorns, in tone resembling the ophicleide. Grove. Bombasine (?), n. Same as Bombazine. Bombast (?), n. [OF. bombace cotton, LL. bombax cotton, bombasium a doublet of cotton; hence, padding, wadding, fustian. See Bombazine.] 1. Originally, cotton, or cotton wool. [Obs.] A candle with a wick of bombast. Lupton. 2. Cotton, or any soft, fibrous material, used as stuffing for garments; stuffing; padding. [Obs.] How now, my sweet creature of bombast! Shak. Doublets, stuffed with four, five, or six pounds of bombast at least. Stubbes. 3. Fig.: Highsounding words; an inflated style; language above the dignity of the occasion; fustian. Yet noisy bombast carefully avoid. Dryden. Bombast, a. Highsounding; inflated; big without meaning; magniloquent; bombastic. [He] evades them with a bombast circumstance, Horribly stuffed with epithets of war. Shak. Nor a tall metaphor in bombast way. Cowley. Bombast (?), v. t. To swell or fill out; to pad; to inflate. [Obs.] Not bombasted with words vain ticklish ears to feed. Drayton. Bombastic (?), Bombastical (?), a. Characterized by bombast; highsounding; inflated. Bombastically, adv. A theatrical, bombastic, windy phraseology. Burke. Syn. Turgid; tumid; pompous; grandiloquent. Bombastry (?), n. Swelling words without much meaning; bombastic language; fustian. Bombastry and buffoonery, by nature lofty and light, soar highest of all. Swift. Bombax (?), n. [LL., cotton. See Bombast, n.] (Bot.) A genus of trees, called also the silkcotton tree; also, a tree of the genus Bombax. Bombazet Bombazette } (?), n. [Cf. Bombazine.] A sort of thin woolen cloth. It is of various colors, and may be plain or twilled. Bombazine (?), n. [F. bombasin, LL. bombacinium, bambacinium, L. bombycinus silken, bombycinum a silk or cotton texture, fr. bombyx silk, silkworm, Gr. ?. Cf. Bombast, Bombycinous.] A twilled fabric for dresses, of which the warp is silk, and the weft worsted. Black bombazine has been much used for mourning garments. [Sometimes spelt bombasin, and bombasine.] Tomlinson. Bombic (?), a. [L. bombyx silk, silkworm: cf. F. bombique.] Pertaining to, or obtained from, the silkworm; as, bombic acid. Bombilate (?), v. i. [LL. bombilare, for L. bombitare. See Bomb, n.] To hum; to buzz. [R.] Bombilation (?), n. A humming sound; a booming. To ... silence the bombilation of guns. Sir T. Browne. Bombinate (?), v. i. To hum; to boom. Bombination (?), n. A humming or buzzing. Bombolo (?), n.; pl. Bomboloes (?). [Cf. It bombola a pitcher.] A thin spheroidal glass retort or flask, used in the sublimation of camphor. [Written also bumbelo, and bumbolo.] Bombproof (?), a. Secure against the explosive force of bombs. n. A structure which heavy shot and shell will not penetrate. Bombshell (?), n. A bomb. See Bomb, n. Bombycid (?), a. (Zol.) Like or pertaining to the genus Bombyx, or the family Bombycid. Bombycinous (?), a. [L. bombycinus. See Bombazine.] 1. Silken; made of silk. [Obs.] Coles. 2. Being of the color of the silkworm; transparent with a yellow tint. E. Darwin. Bombylious (?), a. [L. bombylius a bumblebee, Gr. ?.] Buzzing, like a bumblebee; as, the bombylious noise of the horse fly. [Obs.] Derham. Bombyx (?), n. [L., silkworm. See Bombazine.] (Zol.) A genus of moths, which includes the silkworm moth. See Silkworm. Bon (?), a. [F., fr. L. bonus.] Good; valid as security for something. Bonaccord (?), n. Good will; good fellowship; agreement. [Scot.] Bona fide (?). [L.] In or with good faith; without fraud or deceit; real or really; actual or actually; genuine or genuinely; as, you must proceed bona fide; a bona fide purchaser or transaction. Bonair (?), a. [OE., also bonere, OF. bonnaire, Cotgr., abbrev. of debonnaire. See Debonair.] Gentle; courteous; complaisant; yielding. [Obs.] Bonanza (?), n. [Sp., prop. calm., fair weather, prosperity, fr. L. bonus good.] In mining, a rich mine or vein of silver or gold; hence, anything which is a mine of wealth or yields a large income. [Colloq. U. S.] Bonapartean (?), a. Of or pertaining to Napoleon Bonaparte or his family. Bonapartism (?), n. The policy of Bonaparte or of the Bonapartes. Bonapartist, n. One attached to the policy or family of Bonaparte, or of the Bonapartes. Bona peritura (?). [L.] (Law) Perishable goods. Bouvier. Bona roba (?). [It., prop. good stuff.] A showy wanton; a courtesan. Shak Bonasus (?), Bonassus (?), n. [L. bonasus, Gr. ?, ?.] (Zol.) The aurochs or European bison. See Aurochs. Bonbon (?), n. [F. bonbon, fr. bon bon very good, a superlative by reduplication, fr. bon good.] Sugar confectionery; a sugarplum; hence, any dainty. Bonce (?), n. [Etymol. unknown.] A boy's game played with large marbles. Bonchrtien (?), n. [F., good Christian.] A name given to several kinds of pears. See Bartlett. Boncilate (?), n. [Empirical trade name.] A substance composed of ground bone, mineral matters, etc., hardened by pressure, and used for making billiard balls, boxes, etc. Bond (?), n. [The same word as band. Cf. Band, Bend.] 1. That which binds, ties, fastens,or confines, or by which anything is fastened or bound, as a cord, chain, etc.; a band; a ligament; a shackle or a manacle. Gnawing with my teeth my bonds in sunder, I gained my freedom. Shak. 2. pl. The state of being bound; imprisonment; captivity, restraint. This man doeth nothing worthy of death or of bonds. Acts xxvi. 3. A binding force or influence; a cause of union; a uniting tie; as, the bonds of fellowship. A people with whom I have no tie but the common bond of mankind. Burke. 4. Moral or political duty or obligation. I love your majesty According to my bond, nor more nor less. Shak. 5. (Law) A writing under seal, by which a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators, to pay a certain sum on or before a future day appointed. This is a single bond. But usually a condition is added, that, if the obligor shall do a certain act, appear at a certain place, conform to certain rules, faithfully perform certain duties, or pay a certain sum of money, on or before a time specified, the obligation shall be void; otherwise it shall remain in full force. If the condition is not performed, the bond becomes forfeited, and the obligor and his heirs are liable to the payment of the whole sum. Bouvier. Wharton. 6. An instrument (of the nature of the ordinary legal bond) made by a government or a corporation for purpose of borrowing money; as, a government, city, or railway bond. 7. The state of goods placed in a bonded warehouse till the duties are paid; as, merchandise in bond. 8. (Arch.) The union or tie of the several stones or bricks forming a wall. The bricks may be arranged for this purpose in several different ways, as in English or block bond (Fig. 1), where one course consists of bricks with their ends toward the face of the wall, called headers, and the next course of bricks with their lengths parallel to the face of the wall, called stretchers; Flemish bond (Fig.2), where each course consists of headers and stretchers alternately, so laid as always to break joints; Cross bond, which differs from the English by the change of the second stretcher line so that its joints come in the middle of the first, and the same position of stretchers comes back every fifth line; Combined cross and English bond, where the inner part of the wall is laid in the one method, the outer in the other. <-- p. 165 --> 9. (Chem.) A unit of chemical attraction; s, oxygen has two bonds of affinity. It is often represented in graphic formul by a short line or dash. See Diagram of Benzene nucleus, and Valence. Arbitration bond. See under Arbitration. Bond crediter (Law), a creditor whose debt is secured by a bond. Blackstone. Bond debt (Law), a debt contracted under the obligation of a bond. Burrows. Bond (or lap) of a slate, the distance between the top of one slate and the bottom or drip of the second slate above, i. e., the space which is covered with three thicknesses; also, the distance between the nail of the under slate and the lower edge of the upper slate. Bond timber, timber worked into a wall to tie or strengthen it longitudinally. Syn. Chains; fetters; captivity; imprisonment. Bond (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bonded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bonding.] 1. To place under the conditions of a bond; to mortgage; to secure the payment of the duties on (goods or merchandise) by giving a bond. 2. (Arch.) To dispose in building, as the materials of a wall, so as to secure solidity. Bond, n. [OE. bond, bonde, peasant, serf, AS. bonda, bunda, husband, bouseholder, from Icel. b?ndi husbandman, for b?andi, fr. b?a to dwell. See Boor, Husband.] A xassal or serf; a slave. [Obs. or Archaic] Bond, a. In a state of servitude or slavery; captive. By one Spirit are we all baptized .. whether we be Jews or Bentiles, whether we be bond or free. 1 Cor. xii. 13. Bondage (?), n. [LL. bondagium. See Bond, a.] 1. The state of being bound; condition of being under restraint; restraint of personal liberty by compulsion; involuntary servitude; slavery; captivity. The King, when he designed you for my guard, Resolved he would not make my bondage hard. Dryden. 2. Obligation; tie of duty. He must resolve by no means to be ... brought under the bondage of onserving oaths. South. 3. (Old Eng. Law) Villenage; tenure of land on condition of doing the meanest services for the owner. Syn. Thralldom; bond service; imprisonment. Bondager (?), n. A field worker, esp. a woman who works in the field. [Scot.] Bondar (?), n. [Native name.] (Zol.) A small quadruped of Bengal (Paradoxurus bondar), allied to the genet; called also musk cat. Bonded (?), a. Placed under, or covered by, a bond, as for the payment of duties, or for conformity to coertain regulations. Bonded goods, goods placed in a bonded warehouse; goods, for the duties on which bonds are given at the customhouse. Bonded warehouse, a warehouse in which goods on which the duties are unpaid are stored under bond and in the joint custody of the importer, or his agent, and the customs officers. Bonder (?), n. 1. One who places goods under bond or in a bonded warehouse. 2. (Masonry) A bonding stone or brick; a bondstone. Bonder, n. [Norwegian bonde.] A freeholder on a small scale. [Norway] Emerson. Bondholder (?), n. A person who holds the bonds of a public or private corporation for the payment of money at a certain time. Bondmaid (?), n. [Bond, a. or n. + maid.] A female slave, or one bound to service without wages, as distinguished from a hired servant. Bondman (?), n.; pl. Bondmen (?). [Bond, a. or n. + man.] 1. A man slave, or one bound to service without wages. To enfranchise bondmen. Macaulay. 2. (Old Eng. Law) A villain, or tenant in villenage. Bond servant (?). A slave; one who is bound to service without wages. If thy brother ... be waxen poor, and be sold unto thee; thou shalt not compel him to serve as a bond servant: but as an hired servant. Lev. xxv. 39, 40. Bond service (?). The condition of a bond servant; sevice without wages; slavery. Their children ... upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of bond service. 1 Kings ix. 21. Bondslave (?), n. A person in a state of slavery; one whose person and liberty are subjected to the authority of a master. Bondsman (?), n.; pl. Bondsmen . [Bond, a. or n. + man.] 1. A slave; a villain; a serf; a bondman. Carnal, greedy people, without such a precept, would have no mercy upon their poor bondsmen. Derham. 2. (Law) A surety; one who is bound, or who gives security, for another. Bondstone (?), n. [Bond, n. + stone.] (Masonry) A stone running through a wall from one face to another, to bind it together; a binding stone. Bondswoman (?), n. See Bondwoman. Bonduc (?), n. [F. bonduc, fr. Ar. bunduq hazel nut, filbert nut.] (Bot.) See Nicker tree. Bondwoman (?), n.; pl. Bondwomen (?). [Bond, a. or n. + woman.] A woman who is a slave, or in bondage. He who was of the bondwoman. Gal. iv. 23. Bone (?), n. [OE. bon, ban, AS. bn; akin to Icel. bein, Sw. ben, Dan. & D. been, G. bein bone, leg; cf. Icel. beinn straight.] 1. (Anat.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and bone. Even in the hardest parts of bone there are many minute cavities containing living matter and connected by minute canals, some of which connect with larger canals through which blood vessels ramify. 2. One of the pieces or parts of an animal skeleton; as, a rib or a thigh bone; a bone of the arm or leg; also, any fragment of bony substance. (pl.) The frame or skeleton of the body. 3. Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving bone lace. 4. pl. Two or four pieces of bone held between the fingers and struck together to make a kind of music. 5. pl. Dice. 6. Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of steel for a corset. 7. Fig.: The framework of anything. A bone of contention, a subject of contention or dispute. A bone to pick, something to investigate, or to busy one's self about; a dispute to be settled (with some one). Bone ash, the residue from calcined bones; used for making cupels, and for cleaning jewelry. Bone black (Chem.), the black, carbonaceous substance into which bones are converted by calcination in close vessels; called also animal charcoal. It is used as a decolorizing material in filtering sirups, extracts, etc., and as a black pigment. See Ivory black, under Black. Bone cave, a cave in which are found bones of extinct or recent animals, mingled sometimes with the works and bones of man. Am. Cyc. Bone dust, ground or pulverized bones, used as a fertilizer. Bone earth (Chem.), the earthy residuum after the calcination of bone, consisting chiefly of phosphate of calcium. Bone lace, a lace made of linen thread, so called because woven with bobbins of bone. Bone oil, an oil obtained by, heating bones (as in the manufacture of bone black), and remarkable for containing the nitrogenous bases, pyridine and quinoline, and their derivatives; also called Dippel's oil. Bone setter. Same as Bonesetter. See in the Vocabulary. Bone shark (Zol.), the basking shark. Bone spavin. See under Spavin. Bone turquoise, fossil bone or tooth of a delicate blue color, sometimes used as an imitation of true turquoise. Bone whale (Zol.), a right whale. To be upon the bones of, to attack. [Obs.] To make no bones, to make no scruple; not to hesitate. [Low] To pick a bone with, to quarrel with, as dogs quarrel over a bone; to settle a disagreement. [Colloq.] Bone (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boning.] 1. To withdraw bones from the flesh of, as in cookery. To bone a turkey. Soyer. 2. To put whalebone into; as, to bone stays. Ash. 3. To fertilize with bone. 4. To steal; to take possession of. [Slang] Bone, v. t. [F. bornoyer to look at with one eye, to sight, fr. borgne oneeyed.] To sight along an object or set of objects, to see if it or they be level or in line, as in carpentry, masonry, and surveying. Knight. Joiners, etc., bone their work with two straight edges. W. M. Buchanan. Boneache (?), n. Pain in the bones. Shak. Boneblack (?), n. See Bone black, under Bone, n. Boned (?), a. 1. Having (such) bones; used in composition; as, bigboned; strongboned. No bigboned men framed of the Cyclops' size. Shak. 2. Deprived of bones; as, boned turkey or codfish. 3. Manured with bone; as, boned land. Bonedog (?), n. (Zol.) The spiny dogfish. Bonefish (?), n. (Zol.) See Ladyfish. Boneless, a. Without bones. Boneless gums. Shak. Boneset (?), n. (Bot.) A medicinal plant, the thoroughwort (Eupatorium perfoliatum). Its properties are diaphoretic and tonic. Bonesetter (?), n. One who sets broken or dislocated bones; commonly applied to one, not a regular surgeon, who makes an occupation of setting bones. Bonesetting, n. Boneshaw (?), n. (Med.) Sciatica. [Obs.] Bonetta (?), n. See Bonito. Sir T. Herbert. Bonfire (?), n. [OE. bonefire, banefire, orig. a fire of bones; bone + fire; but cf. also Prov. E. bun a dry stalk.] A large fire built in the open air, as an expression of public joy and exultation, or for amusement. Full soon by bonfire and by bell, We learnt our liege was passing well. Gay. Bongrace (?), n. [F. bon good + grce grace, charm.] A projecting bonnet or shade to protect the complexion; also, a widebrimmed hat. [Obs.] Bonhomie, Bonhommie (?), n. [F.] good nature; pleasant and easy manner. Bonibell (?), n. See Bonnibel. [Obs.] Spenser. Boniface (?), n. [From the sleek, jolly landlord in Farquhar's comedy of The Beaux' Stratagem.] An innkeeper. Boniform (?), a. [L. bonus good + form.] Sensitive or responsive to moral excellence. Dr. H. More. Bonify (?), v. t. [L. bonus good + fy: cf. F. bonifier.] To convert into, or make, good. To bonify evils, or tincture them with good. Cudworth. Boniness (?), n. The condition or quality of being bony. Boning, n. [Senses 1 and 2 fr. 1st Bone, sense 3 fr. 3d Bone.] 1. The clearing of bones from fish or meat. 2. The manuring of land with bones. 3. A method of leveling a line or surface by sighting along the tops of two or more straight edges, or a range of properly spaced poles. See 3d Bone, v. t. Bonitary (?), a. Beneficial, as opposed to statutory or civil; as, bonitary dominion of land. Bonito (?), n.; pl. Bonitoes (?). [Sp. & Pg. bonito, fr. Ar. baint and bainth.] [Often incorrectly written bonita.] (Zol.) 1. A large tropical fish (Orcynus pelamys) allied to the tunny. It is about three feet long, blue above, with four brown stripes on the sides. It is sometimes found on the American coast. 2. The skipjack (Sarda Mediterranea) of the Atlantic, an important and abundant food fish on the coast of the United States, and (S. Chilensis) of the Pacific, and other related species. They are large and active fishes, of a blue color with black oblique stripes. 3. The medregal (Seriola fasciata), an edible fish of the southern of the United States and the West Indies. 4. The cobia or crab eater (Elacate canada), an edible fish of the Middle and Southern United States. Bonmot (?), n.; pl. Bonsmots (?). [ F. bon good + mot word.] A witty repartee; a jest. Bonne (?), n. (F., prop. good woman.) A female servant charged with the care of a young child. Bonne bouche (?); pl. Bonnes bouches (?). [F. bon, fem. bonne, good + bouche mouth.] A delicious morsel or mouthful; a tidbit. Bonnet (?), n. [OE. bonet, OF. bonet, bonete. F. bonnet fr. LL. bonneta, bonetum; orig. the name of a stuff, and ? unknown origin.] 1. A headdress for men and boys; a cap. [Obs.] Milton. Shak. 2. A soft, ?, very durable cap, made of thick, seamless wool? stuff, and worn by men in Scotland. And ? and bonnets waving high. Sir W. Scott. 3. A covering for the head, worn by women, usually protecting more or less the back and sides of the head, but no part of the forehead. The shape of the bonnet varies greatly at different times; formerly the front part projected, and spread outward, like the mouth of a funnel. 4. Anything resembling a bonnet in shape or use; as, (a) (Fort.) A small defense work at a salient angle; or a part of a parapet elevated to screen the other part from enfilade fire. (b) A metallic canopy, or projection, over an opening, as a fireplace, or a cowl or hood to increase the draught of a chimney, etc. (c) A frame of wire netting over a locomotive chimney, to prevent escape of sparks. (d) A roofing over the cage of a mine, to protect its occupants from objects falling down the shaft. (e) In pumps, a metal covering for the openings in the valve chambers. 5. (Naut.) An additional piece of canvas la?ed to the foot of a jib or foresail in moderate winds. Hakluyt. 6. The second stomach of a ruminating animal. 7. An accomplice of a gambler, auctioneer, etc., who entices others to bet or to bid; a decoy. [Cant] Bonnet head (Zol.), a shark (Sphyrna tiburio) of the southern United States and West Indies. Bonnet limpet (Zol.), a name given, from their shape, to various species of shells (family Calyptrid). Bonnet monkey (Zol.), an East Indian monkey (Macacus sinicus), with a tuft of hair on its head; the munga. Bonnet piece, a gold coin of the time of James V. of Scotland, the king's head o? which wears a bonnet. Sir W. Scott. To have a bee in the bonnet. See under Bee. Black bonnet. See under Black. Blue bonnet. See in the Vocabulary. Bonnet, v. i. To take off the bonnet or cap as a mark of respect; to uncover. [Obs.] Shak. Bonneted, a. 1. Wearing a bonnet. Bonneted and shawled. Howitt. 2. (Fort.) Protected by a bonnet. See Bonnet, 4 (a). Bonnetless, a. Without a bonnet. Bonnibel (?), n. [F. bonne et belle, good and beautiful. Cf. Bellibone.] A handsome girl. [Obs.] Bonnie (?), a. [Scot.] See Bonny, a. Bonnilass (?), n. [Bonny + lass.] A bonny lass; a beautiful girl. [Obs.] Spenser. Bonnily, adv. Gayly; handsomely. Bonniness, n. The quality of being bonny; gayety? handsomeness. [R.] Bonny (?), a. [Spelled bonnie by the Scotch.] [OE. boni, prob. fr. F. bon, fem. bonne, good, fr. L. bonus good. See Bounty, and cf. Bonus, Boon.] 1. Handsome; beautiful; pretty; attractively lively and graceful. Till bonny Susan sped across the plain. Gay. Far from the bonnie banks of Ayr. Burns. 2. Gay; merry; frolicsome; cheerful; blithe. Be you blithe and bonny. Shak. Report speaks you a bonny monk, that would hear the mati?chime ere he quitted his bowl. Sir W. Scott. Bonny, n. (Mining) A round and compact bed of ore, or a distinct bed, not communicating with a vein. Bonnyclabber (?), n. [Ir. bainne, baine, milk + clabar mud, mire.] Coagulated sour milk; loppered milk; curdled milk; sometimes called simply clabber. B. Jonson. Bon Silne (?). [F.] (Bot.) A very fragrant tea rose with petals of various shades of pink. Bonspiel (?), n. [Scot.; of uncertain origin.] A cur?ing match between clubs. [Scot.] Bontebok (?), n. [D. bont a sort of skin or fur, prop. variegated + bok buck.] (Zol.) The pied antelope of South Africa (Alcelaphus pygarga). Its face and rum[ are white. Called also nunni. Bon ton (?). [F., good tone, manner.] The height of the fashion; fashionable society. Bonus (?), n.; pl. Bonuses (?). [L. bonus good. Cf. Bonny.] 1. (Law) A premium given for a loan, or for a charter or other privilege granted to a company; as the bank paid a bonus for its charter. Bouvier. 2. An extra dividend to the shareholders of a joint stock company, out of accumulated profits. 3. Money paid in addition to a stated compensation. Bon vivant (?); pl. Bons vivants (?). [F. bon good + vivant, p. pr. of vivre to live.] A good fellow; a jovial companion; a free liver. Bony (?), a. 1. Consisting of bone, or of bones; full of bones; pertaining to bones. 2. Having large or prominent bones. Bony fish (Zol.), the menhaden. Bony pike (Zol.), the gar pike (Lepidosteus). Bonze (?), n. [Pg. bonzo, fr. Japan bzu a Buddhist priest: cf. F. bonze.] A Buddhist or Fohist priest, monk, or nun. The name was given by the Portuguese to the priests of Japan, and has since been applied to the priests of China, Cochin China, and the neighboring countries. Booby (?), n.; pl. Boobies (?). [Sp. bobe dunce, idiot; cf. L. balbus stammering, E. barbarous.] 1. A dunce; a stupid fellow. 2. (Zol.) (a) A swimming bird (Sula fiber or S. sula) related to the common gannet, and found in the West <-- p. 166 --> Indies, nesting on the bare rocks. It is so called on account of its apparent stupidity. The name is also sometimes applied to other species of gannets; as, S. piscator, the redfooted booby. (b) A species of penguin of the antarctic seas. Booby hatch (Naut.), a kind of wooden hood over a hatch, readily removable. Booby hut, a carriage body put upon sleigh runners. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. Booby hutch, a clumsy covered carriage or seat, used in the eastern part of England. Forby. Booby trap, a schoolboy's practical joke, as a shower bath when a door is opened. Booby (?), a. Having the characteristics of a booby; stupid. Boobyish, a. Stupid; dull. Boodh (?), n. Same as Buddha. Malcom. Boodhism (?), n. Same as Buddhism. Boodhist, n. Same as Buddhist. Boodle (?), n. [Origin un?tain.] 1. The whole collection or lot; caboodle. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett. 2. Money given in payment for votes or political influence; bribe money; swag. [Polit. slang, U. S.] Boohoe (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Boohooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Boohooing.] [An imitative word.] To bawl; to cry loudly. [Low] Bartlett. Boohoo (?), n. (Zol.) The sailfish; called also woohoo. Book (?), n. [OE. book, bok, AS. b?c; akin to Goth. b?ka a letter, in pl. book, writing, Icel. b?k, Sw. bok, Dan. bog, OS. b?k, D. boek, OHG. puoh, G. buch; and fr. AS. b?c, b?ce, beech; because the ancient Saxons and Germans in general wrote runes on pieces of beechen board. Cf. Beech.] 1. A collection of sheets of paper, or similar material, blank, written, or printed, bound together; commonly, many folded and bound sheets containing continuous printing or writing. When blank, it is called a blank book. When printed, the term often distinguishes a bound volume, or a volume of some size, from a pamphlet. It has been held that, under the copyright law, a book is not necessarily a volume made of many sheets bound together; it may be printed on a single sheet, as music or a diagram of patterns. Abbott. 2. A composition, written or printed; a treatise. A good book is the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life. Milton. 3. A part or subdivision of a treatise or literary work; as, the tenth book of Paradise Lost. 4. A volume or collection of sheets in which accounts are kept; a register of debts and credits, receipts and expenditures, etc. 5. Six tricks taken by one side, in the game of whist; in certain other games, two or more corresponding cards, forming a set. Book is used adjectively or as a part of many compounds; as, book buyer, bookrack, book club, book lore, book sale, book trade, memorandum book, cashbook. Book account, an account or register of debt or credit in a book. Book debt, a debt for items charged to the debtor by the creditor in his book of accounts. Book learning, learning acquired from books, as distinguished from practical knowledge. Neither does it so much require book learning and scholarship, as good natural sense, to distinguish true and false. Burnet. Book louse (Zol.), one of several species of minute, wingless insects injurious to books and papers. They belong to the Pseudoneuroptera. Book moth (Zol.), the name of several species of moths, the larv of which eat books. Book oath, an oath made on The Book, or Bible. The Book of Books, the Bible. Book post, a system under which books, bulky manuscripts, etc., may be transmitted by mail. Book scorpion (Zol.), one of the false scorpions (Chelifer cancroides) found among books and papers. It can run sidewise and backward, and feeds on small insects. Book stall, a stand or stall, often in the open air, for retailing books. Canonical books. See Canonical. In one's books, in one's favor. I was so much in his books, that at his decease he left me his lamp. Addison. To bring to book. (a) To compel to give an account. (b) To compare with an admitted authority. To bring it manifestly to book is impossible. M. Arnold. To course by bell, book, and candle. See under Bell. To make a book (Horse Racing), to lay bets (recorded in a pocket book) against the success of every horse, so that the bookmaker wins on all the unsuccessful horses and loses only on the winning horse or horses. To speak by the book, to speak with minute exactness. Without book. (a) By memory. (b) Without authority. Book, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Booked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Booking.] 1. To enter, write, or register in a book or list. Let it be booked with the rest of this day's deeds. Shak. 2. To enter the name of (any one) in a book for the purpose of securing a passage, conveyance, or seat; as, to be booked for Southampton; to book a seat in a theater. 3. To mark out for; to destine or assign for; as, he is booked for the valedictory. [Colloq.] Here I am booked for three days more in Paris. Charles Reade. Bookbinder (?), n. One whose occupation is to bind books. Bookbindery (?), n. A bookbinder's shop; a place or establishment for binding books. Bookbinding, n. The art, process, or business of binding books. Bookcase (?), n. A case with shelves for holding books, esp. one with glazed doors. Bookcraft (?), n. Authorship; literary skill. Booked (?), a. 1. Registered. 2. On the way; destined. [Colloq.] Booker (?), n. One who enters accounts or names, etc., in a book; a bookkeeper. Bookful (?), n. As much as will fill a book; a book full. Shak. a. Filled with book learning. [R.] The bookful blockhead. Pope. Bookholder (?), n. 1. A prompter at a theater. [Obs.] Beau & Fl. 2. A support for a book, holding it open, while one reads or copies from it. Booking clerk (?). A clerk who registers passengers, baggage, etc., for conveyance, as by railway or steamship, or who sells passage tickets at a booking office. Booking office (?). 1. An office where passengers, baggage, etc., are registered for conveyance, as by railway or steamship. 2. An office where passage tickets are sold. [Eng.] Bookish, a. 1. Given to reading; fond of study; better acquainted with books than with men; learned from books. A bookish man. Addison. Bookish skill. Bp. Hall. 2. Characterized by a method of expression generally found in books; formal; labored; pedantic; as, a bookish way of talking; bookish sentences. Bookishly, adv. Bookishness, n. Bookkeeper (?), n. One who keeps accounts; one who has the charge of keeping the books and accounts in an office. Bookkeeping, n. The art of recording pecuniary or business transactions in a regular and systematic manner, so as to show their relation to each other, and the state of the business in which they occur; the art of keeping accounts. The books commonly ? are a daybook, cashbook, journal, and ledger. See Daybook, Cashbook, Journal, and Ledger. Bookkeeping by single entry, the method of keeping books by carrying the record of each transaction to the debit or credit of a single account. Bookkeeping by double entry, a mode of bookkeeping in which two entries of every transaction are carried to the ledger, one to the Dr., or left hand, side of one account, and the other to the Cr., or right hand, side of a corresponding account, in order tha? the one entry may check the other; sometimes called, from the place of its origin, the Italian method. Bookland (?), Bockland (?), n. [AS. b?cland; b?c book + land land.] (O. Eng. Law) Charter land held by deed under certain rents and free services, which differed in nothing from free socage lands. This species of tenure has given rise to the modern freeholds. Booklearned (?), a. Versed in books; having knowledge derived from books. [Often in a disparaging sense.] Whate'er these booklearned blockheads say, Solon's the veriest fool in all the play. Dryden. Bookless, a. Without books; unlearned. Shenstone. Booklet (?), n. A little book. T. Arnold. Bookmaker (?), n. 1. One who writes and publishes books; especially, one who gathers his materials from other books; a compiler. 2. (Horse Racing) A betting man who makes a book. See To make a book, under Book, n. Bookman (?), n.; pl. Bookmen (?). A studious man; a scholar. Shak. Bookmark (?), n. Something placed in a book to guide in finding a particular page or passage; also, a label in a book to designate the owner; a bookplate. Bookmate (?), n. [Book + mate.] A schoolfellow; an associate in study. Bookmonger (?), n. A dealer in books. Book muslin (?). 1. A kind of muslin used for the covers of books. 2. A kind of thin white muslin for ladies' dresses. Bookplate (?), n. A label, placed upon or in a book, showing its ownership or its position in a library. Bookseller (?), n. One who sells books. Bookselling (?), n. The employment of selling books. Bookshelf (?), n.; pl. Bookshelves (?). A shelf to hold books. Bookshop (?), n. A bookseller's shop. [Eng.] Bookstall (?), n. A stall or stand where books are sold. Bookstand (?), n. 1. A place or stand for the sale of books in the streets; a bookstall. 2. A stand to hold books for reading or reference. Bookstore (?), n. A store where books are kept for sale; called in England a bookseller's shop. Bookwork (?), n. 1. Work done upon a book or books (as in a printing office), in distinction from newspaper or job work. 2. Study; application to books. Bookworm (?), n. 1. (Zol.) Any larva of a beetle or moth, which is injurious to books. Many species are known. 2. A student closely attached to books or addicted to study; a reader without appreciation. I wanted but a black gown and a salary to be as mere a bookworm as any there. Pope. Booky (?),a. Bookish. Booly (?), n.; pl. Boolies (?). [Ir. buachail cowherd; bo cow + giolla boy.] A company of Irish herdsmen, or a single herdsman, wandering from place to place with flocks and herds, and living on their milk, like the Tartars; also, a place in the mountain pastures inclosed for the shelter of cattle or their keepers. [Obs.] [Written also boley, bolye, bouillie.] Spenser. Boom (?), n. [D. boom tree, pole, beam, bar. See Beam.] 1. (Naut.) A long pole or spar, run out for the purpose of extending the bottom of a particular sail; as, the job boom, the studdingsail boom, etc. 2. (Mech.) A long spar or beam, projecting from the mast of a derrick, from the outer end of which the body to be lifted in suspended. 3. A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark the channel in a river or harbor. [Obs.] 4. (Mil. & Naval) A strong chain cable, or line of spars bound together, extended across a river or the mouth of a harbor, to obstruct navigation or passage. 5. (Lumbering) A line of connected floating timbers stretched across a river, or inclosing an area of water, to keep saw logs, etc., from floating away. Boom iron, one of the iron rings on the yards through which the studdingsail booms traverse. The booms, that space on the upper deck of a ship between the foremast and mainmast, where the boats, spare spars, etc., are stowed. Totten. Boom (?), v. t. (Naut.) To extend, or push, with a boom or pole; as, to boom out a sail; to boom off a boat. Boom (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Boomed (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Booming.] [Of imitative origin; cf. OE. bommen to hum, D. bommen to drum, sound as an empty barrel, also W. bwmp a hollow sound; aderyn y bwmp, the bird of the hollow sound, i. e., the bittern. Cf. Bum, Bump, v. i., Bomb, v. i.] 1. To cry with a hollow note; to make a hollow sound, as the bittern, and some insects. At eve the beetle boometh Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson. 2. To make a hollow sound, as of waves or cannon. Alarm guns booming through the night air. W. Irving. 3. To rush with violence and noise, as a ship under a press of sail, before a free wind. She comes booming down before it. Totten. 4. To have a rapid growth in market value or in popular favor; to go on rushingly. Boom, n. 1. A hollow roar, as of waves or cannon; also, the hollow cry of the bittern; a booming. 2. A strong and extensive advance, with more or less noisy excitement; applied colloquially or humorously to market prices, the demand for stocks or commodities and to political chances of aspirants to office; as a boom in the stock market; a boom in coffee. [Colloq. U. S.] Boom, v. t. To cause to advance rapidly in price; as, to boom railroad or mining shares; to create a boom for; as to boom Mr. C. for senator. [Colloq. U. S.] Boomdas (?), n. [D. boom tree + das badger.] (Zol.) A small African hyracoid mammal (Dendrohyrax arboreus) resembling the daman. Boomer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, booms. 2. (Zol.) A North American rodent, so named because ? is said to make a booming noise. See Sewellel. 3. (Zol.) A large male kangaroo. 4. One who works up a boom. [Slang, U. S.] Boomerang (?), n. A very singular missile weapon used by the natives of Australia and in some parts of India. It is usually a curved stick of hard wood, from twenty to thirty inches in length, from two to three inches wide, and half or three quarters of an inch thick. When thrown from the hand with a quick rotary motion, it describes very remarkable curves, according to the shape of the instrument and the manner of throwing it, often moving nearly horizontally a long distance, then curving upward to a considerable height, and finally taking a retrograde direction, so as to fall near the place from which it was thrown, or even far in the rear of it. Booming, a. 1. Rushing with violence; swelling with a hollow sound; making a hollow sound or note; roaring; resounding. O'er the seabeat ships the booming waters roar. Falcone. 2. Advancing or increasing amid noisy excitement; as, booming prices; booming popularity. [Colloq. U. S.] Booming, n. The act of producing a hollow or roaring sound; a violent rushing with heavy roar; as, the booming of the sea; a deep, h?llow sound; as, the booming of bitterns. Howitt. Boomkin (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Bumkin. Boomorah (?), n. [Native name.] (Zol.) A small West African chevrotain (Hymoschus aquaticus), resembling the musk deer. Boomslange (?), n. [D. boom tree + slang snake.] (Zol.) A large South African tree snake (Bucephalus Capensis). Although considered venomous by natives, it has no poison fangs. Boon (?), n. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b?n; akin to Sw. & Dan. b?n, AS. b?n, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. ?86. See 2d Ban, Bounty.] 1. A prayer or petition. [Obs.] For which to God he made so many an idle boon. Spenser. 2. That which is asked or granted as a benefit or favor; a gift; a benefaction; a grant; a present. Every good gift and every perfect boon is from above. James i. 17 (Rev. Ver.). Boon, a. [F. bon. See Boon, n.] 1. Good; prosperous; as, boon voyage. [Obs.] 2. Kind; bountiful; benign. Which ... Nature boon Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain. Milton. 3. Gay; merry; jovial; convivial. A boon companion, loving his bottle. Arbuthnot. Boon, n. [Scot. boon, bune, been, Gael. & Ir. bunach coarse tow, fr. bun root, stubble.] The woody portion flax, which is separated from the fiber as refuse matter by retting, braking, and scutching. Boor (?), n. [D. boer farmer, boor; akin to AS. geb?r countryman, G. bauer; fr. the root of AS. b?an to inhabit, and akin to E. bower, be. Cf. Neighbor, Boer, and Big to build.] 1. A husbandman; a peasant; a rustic; esp. a clownish or unrefined countryman. 2. A Dutch, German, or Russian peasant; esp. a Dutch colonist in South Africa, Guiana, etc.: a boer. 3. A rude illbred person; one who is clownish in manners. Boorish, a. Like a boor; clownish; uncultured; unmannerly. Boorishly, adv. Boorishness, n. Which is in truth a gross and boorish opinion. Milton. Boort (?), n. See Bort. Boose (?), n. [AS. bs, bsig; akin to Icel. bss, Sw. bs, Dan. baas, stall, G. banse, Goth. bansts barn, Skr. bhsas stall. 252.] A stall or a crib for an ox, cow, or other animal. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Boose (?), v. i. To drink excessively. See Booze. Booser (?), n. A toper; a guzzler. See Boozer. Boost (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Boosted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boosting.] [Cf. Boast, v. i.] To lift or push <-- p. 167 --> from behind (one who is endeavoring to climb); to push up; hence, to assist in overcoming obstacles, or in making advancement. [Colloq. U. S.] Boost (?), n. A push from behind, as to one who is endeavoring to climb; help. [Colloq. U. S.] Boot (?), n. [OE. bot, bote, adbantage, amends, cure, AS. b?t; akin to Icel. b?t, Sw. bot, Dan. bod, Goth. b?ta, D. boete, G. busse; prop., a making good or better, from the root of E. better, adj. ?255.] 1. Remedy; relief; amends; reparation; hence, one who brings relief. He gaf the sike man his boote. Chaucer. Thou art boot for many a bruise And healest many a wound. Sir W. Scott. Next her Son, our soul's best boot. Wordsworth. 2. That which is given to make an exchange equal, or to make up for the deficiency of value in one of the things exchanged. I'll give you boot, I'll give you three for one. Shak. 3. Profit; gain; advantage; use. [Obs.] Then talk no more of flight, it is no boot. Shak. To boot, in addition; over and above; besides; as a compensation for the difference of value between things bartered. Helen, to change, would give an eye to boot. Shak. A man's heaviness is refreshed long before he comes to drunkenness, for when he arrives thither he hath but changed his heaviness, and taken a crime to boot. Jer. Taylor. Boot, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.] 1. To profit; to advantage; to avail; generally followed by it; as, what boots it? What booteth it to others that we wish them well, and do nothing for them? Hooker. What subdued To change like this a mind so far imbued With scorn of man, it little boots to know. Byron. What boots to us your victories? Southey. 2. To enrich; to benefit; to give in addition. [Obs.] And I will boot thee with what gift beside Thy modesty can beg.
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