Part 14 out of 39_#_Airports: 9 total, 9 usable, 8 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m _#_Telecommunications: domestic facilities inadequate; 57,300 telephones; interisland radio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique; stations--2 AM, 8 FM (30 private stations licensed to broadcast FM), 9 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT ground station _*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: French Forces, Gendarmerie _#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 98,069; NA fit for military service _#_Note: defense is responsibility of France _%_ _@_Guam (territory of the US) _*_Geography _#_Total area: 541 km2; land area: 541 km2 _#_Comparative area: slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC _#_Land boundaries: none _#_Coastline: 125.5 km _#_Maritime claims: Contiguous zone: 12 nm; Continental shelf: 200 m (depth); Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 12 nm _#_Climate: tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation _#_Terrain: volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coraline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water) with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low-rising hills in center, mountains in south _#_Natural resources: fishing (largely undeveloped), tourism (especially from Japan) _#_Land use: arable land 11%; permanent crops 11%; meadows and pastures 15%; forest and woodland 18%; other 45% _#_Environment: frequent squalls during rainy season; subject to relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (especially in August) _#_Note: largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean 5,955 km west-southwest of Honolulu about three-quarters of the way between Hawaii and the Philippines _*_People _#_Population: 144,928 (July 1991), growth rate 2.8% (1991) _#_Birth rate: 26 births/1,000 population (1991) _#_Death rate: 4 deaths/1,000 population (1991) _#_Net migration rate: 5 migrants/1,000 population (1991) _#_Infant mortality rate: 12 deaths/1,000 live births (1991) _#_Life expectancy at birth: 70 years male, 75 years female (1991) _#_Total fertility rate: 3.0 children born/woman (1991) _#_Nationality: noun--Guamanian(s); adjective--Guamanian _#_Ethnic divisions: Chamorro 47%, Filipino 25%, Caucasian 10%, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other 18% _#_Religion: Roman Catholic 98%, other 2% _#_Language: English and Chamorro, most residents bilingual; Japanese also widely spoken _#_Literacy: 96% (male 96%, female 96%) age 15 and over can read and write (1980) _#_Labor force: 54,000; government 42%, private 58% (1988) _#_Organized labor: 13% of labor force _*_Government _#_Long-form name: Territory of Guam _#_Type: organized, unincorporated territory of the US _#_Capital: Agana _#_Administrative divisions: none (territory of the US) _#_Independence: none (territory of the US) _#_Constitution: Organic Act of 1 August 1950 _#_Legal system: NA _#_National holiday: Guam Discovery Day (first Monday in March), 6 March 1989 _#_Executive branch: President of the US, governor, lieutenant governor, Cabinet _#_Legislative branch: unicameral Legislature _#_Judicial branch: Superior Court of Guam (Federal District Court) _#_Leaders: Chief of State--President George BUSH (since 20 January 1989); Head of Government--Governor Joseph A. ADA (since NA November 1986); Lieutenant Governor Frank F. BLAS _#_Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party (controls the legislature); Republican Party (party of the Governor) _#_Suffrage: universal at age 18; US citizens, but do not vote in US presidential elections _#_Elections: Governor--last held on 6 November 1990 (next to be held November 1994); Legislature--last held on 6 November 1990 (next to be held November 1992); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(21 total) Democratic 11, Republican 10; US House of Representatives--last held 6 November 1990 (next to be held November 1992); Guam elects one nonvoting delegate; results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(1 total) Republican 1 _#_Communists: none _#_Note: relations between Guam and the US are under the jurisdiction of the Office of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of the Interior _#_Member of: ESCAP (associate), IOC, SPC _#_Diplomatic representation: none (territory of the US) _#_Flag: dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters _*_Economy _#_Overview: The economy is based on US military spending and on revenues from tourism. Over the past 20 years the tourist industry has grown rapidly, creating a construction boom for new hotels and the expansion of older ones. Visitors numbered about 900,000 in 1990. The small manufacturing sector includes textile and clothing, beverage, food, and watch production. About 60% of the labor force works for the private sector and the rest for government. Most food and industrial goods are imported, with about 75% from the US. In 1990 the unemployment rate was about 2%, down from 10% in 1983. _#_GNP: $1.0 billion, per capita $7,000; real growth rate 18% (1990 est.) _#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (1990) _#_Unemployment rate: 2% (1990 est.) _#_Budget: revenues $300 million; expenditures $290 million, including capital expenditures of $25 million (1990 est.) _#_Exports: $39 million (f.o.b., 1983); commodities--mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products, construction materials, fish, food and beverage products; partners--US 25%, other 75% _#_Imports: $611 million (c.i.f., 1983); commodities--petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods; partners--US 77%, other 23% _#_External debt: $NA _#_Industrial production: growth rate NA% _#_Electricity: 500,000 kW capacity; 2,300 million kWh produced, 16,300 kWh per capita (1990) _#_Industries: US military, tourism, construction, transshipment, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles _#_Agriculture: relatively undeveloped with most food imported; fruits, vegetables, eggs, pork, poultry, beef, copra _#_Economic aid: NA _#_Currency: US currency is used _#_Exchange rates: US currency is used _#_Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September _*_Communications _#_Highways: 674 km all-weather roads _#_Ports: Apra Harbor _#_Airports: 5 total, 4 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; none with runways 1,220-2,439 m _#_Telecommunications: 26,317 telephones (1989); stations--3 AM, 3 FM, 3 TV; 2 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT ground stations _*_Defense Forces _#_Note: defense is the responsibility of the US _%_ _@_Guatemala _*_Geography _#_Total area: 108,890 km2; land area: 108,430 km2 _#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Tennessee _#_Land boundaries: 1,687 km total; Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km _#_Coastline: 400 km _#_Maritime claims: Continental shelf: not specific; Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 12 nm _#_Disputes: claims Belize, but boundary negotiations to resolve the dispute are underway _#_Climate: tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands _#_Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten) _#_Natural resources: crude oil, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle _#_Land use: arable land 12%; permanent crops 4%; meadows and pastures 12%; forest and woodland 40%; other 32%; includes irrigated 1% _#_Environment: numerous volcanoes in mountains, with frequent violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms; deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution _#_Note: no natural harbors on west coast _*_People _#_Population: 9,266,018 (July 1991), growth rate 2.5% (1991) _#_Birth rate: 35 births/1,000 population (1991) _#_Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1991) _#_Net migration rate: - 2 migrants/1,000 population (1991) _#_Infant mortality rate: 58 deaths/1,000 live births (1991) _#_Life expectancy at birth: 61 years male, 66 years female (1991) _#_Total fertility rate: 4.8 children born/woman (1991) _#_Nationality: noun--Guatemalan(s); adjective--Guatemalan _#_Ethnic divisions: Ladino (mestizo--mixed Indian and European ancestry) 56%, Indian 44% _#_Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; also Protestant, traditional Mayan _#_Language: Spanish, but over 40% of the population speaks an Indian language as a primary tongue (18 Indian dialects, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi) _#_Literacy: 55% (male 63%, female 47%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) _#_Labor force: 2,500,000; agriculture 60%, services 13%, manufacturing 12%, commerce 7%, construction 4%, transport 3%, utilities 0.8%, mining 0.4% (1985) _#_Organized labor: 8% of labor force (1988 est.) _*_Government _#_Long-form name: Republic of Guatemala _#_Type: republic _#_Capital: Guatemala _#_Administrative divisions: 22 departments (departamentos, singular--departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa _#_Independence: 15 September 1821 (from Spain) _#_Constitution: 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986 _#_Legal system: civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction _#_National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September (1821) _#_Executive branch: president, vice president, Council of Ministers (cabinet) _#_Legislative branch: unicameral Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la Republica) _#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia) _#_Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--President Jorge SERRANO Elias (since 14 January 1991); Vice President Gustavo ESPINA Salguero (since 14 January 1991) _#_Political parties and leaders: National Centrist Union (UCN), Jorge CARPIO Nicolle; Solidarity Action Movement (MAS), Jorge SERRANO Elias; Christian Democratic Party (DCG), Alfonso CABRERA Hidalgo; National Advancement Party (PAN), Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen; National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario SANDOVAL Alarcon; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Mario SOLARZANO Martinez; Popular Alliance 5 (AP-5), Max ORLANDO Molina; Revolutionary Party (PR), Carlos CHAVARRIA; National Authentic Center (CAN), Hector MAYORA Dawe; Alliance for '90 led by Rios MONTT, consisting of three parties--Democratic Institutional Party (PID), Oscar RIVAS; Nationalist United Front (FUN), Gabriel GIRON; Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG), Berna ROLANDO Mendez _#_Suffrage: universal at age 18 _#_Elections: President--runoff held on 11 January 1991 (next to be held 11 November 1995); results--Jorge SERRANO Elias (MAS) 68.1%, Jorge CARPIO Nicolle (UCN) 31.9%; Congress--last held on 11 November 1990 (next to be held 11 November 1995); results--UCN 25.6%, MAS 24.3%, DCG 17.5%, PAN 17.3%, MLN 4.8%, PSD/AP-5 3.6%, PR 2.1%; seats--(116 total) UCN 41, DCG 28, MAS 18, PAN 12, Alliance for '90 11, MLN 4, PR 1, PSD/AP-5 1 _#_Communists: Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT); main radical left guerrilla groups--Guerrilla Army of the Poor (EGP), Revolutionary Organization of the People in Arms (ORPA), Rebel Armed Forces (FAR), and PGT dissidents _#_Other political or pressure groups: Federated Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CACIF), Mutual Support Group (GAM), Unity for Popular and Labor Action (UASP), Agrarian Owners Group (UNAGRO), Committee for Campesino Unity (CUC) _#_Member of: BCIE, CACM, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), LORCS, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO _#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Juan Jose CASO Fanjul; Chancery at 2220 R Street NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 745-4952 through 4954; there are Guatemalan Consulates General in Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco; US--Ambassador Thomas F. STROOCK; Embassy at 7-01 Avenida de la Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala City (mailing address is APO Miami 34024); telephone [502] (2) 31-15-41 _#_Flag: three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath _*_Economy _#_Overview: The economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for 26% of GDP, employs about 60% of the labor force, and supplies two-thirds of exports. Manufacturing accounts for about 15% of GDP and 12% of the labor force. In 1990 the economy grew by 3.5%, the fourth consecutive year of mild growth. Government economic policies, however, were erratic in 1990--an election year--and inflation shot up to 60%, the highest level in modern times. _#_GDP: $11.1 billion, per capita $1,180; real growth rate 3.5% (1990 est.) _#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 60% (1990 est.) _#_Unemployment rate: 13%, with 30-40% underemployment (1989 est.) _#_Budget: revenues $1.05 billion; expenditures $1.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $270 million (1989 est.) _#_Exports: $1.24 billion (f.o.b., 1990); commodities--coffee 24%, sugar 9%, bananas 8%, beef 4%; partners--US 28%, El Salvador, FRG, Costa Rica, Italy _#_Imports: $1.77 billion (c.i.f., 1990); commodities--fuel and petroleum products, machinery, grain, fertilizers, motor vehicles; partners--US 40%, Mexico, FRG, Japan, El Salvador _#_External debt: $2.8 billion (December 1990 est.) _#_Industrial production: growth rate 4.0% (1988); accounts for 18% of GDP _#_Electricity: 819,000 kW capacity; 2,594 million kWh produced, 280 kWh per capita (1990) _#_Industries: sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism _#_Agriculture: accounts for 26% of GDP; most important sector of economy and contributes two-thirds to export earnings; principal crops--sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; livestock--cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens; food importer _#_Illicit drugs: illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade; the government has engaged in aerial eradication of opium poppy; transit country for cocaine shipments _#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $1.1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $7.8 billion _#_Currency: quetzal (plural--quetzales); 1 quetzal (Q) = 100 centavos _#_Exchange rates: free market quetzales (Q) per US$1--5.4 (April 1991), 4.4858 (1990), 2.8161 (1989), 2.6196 (1988), 2.500 (1987), 1.875 (1986), 1.000 (1985); note--black-market rate 2.800 (May 1989) _#_Fiscal year: calendar year _*_Communications _#_Railroads: 870 km 0.914-meter gauge, single track; 780 km government owned, 90 km privately owned _#_Highways: 26,429 km total; 2,868 km paved, 11,421 km gravel, and 12,140 unimproved _#_Inland waterways: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season _#_Pipelines: crude oil, 275 km _#_Ports: Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla _#_Merchant marine: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,129 GRT/6,450 DWT _#_Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft _#_Airports: 430 total, 381 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m _#_Telecommunications: fairly modern network centered in Guatemala [city]; 97,670 telephones; stations--91 AM, no FM, 25 TV, 15 shortwave; connection into Central American Microwave System; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station _*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force _#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 2,097,234; 1,372,623 fit for military service; 110,949 reach military age (18) annually _#_Defense expenditures: $113 million, 1% of GDP (1990) _%_ _@_Guernsey (British crown dependency) _*_Geography _#_Total area: 194 km2; land area: 194 km2; includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands _#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Washington, DC _#_Land boundaries: none _#_Coastline: 50 km _#_Maritime claims: Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 3 nm _#_Climate: temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast _#_Terrain: mostly level with low hills in southwest _#_Natural resources: cropland _#_Land use: arable land NA%; permanent crops NA%; meadows and pastures NA%; forest and woodland NA%; other NA%; cultivated about 50% _#_Environment: large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port _#_Note: 52 km west of France _*_People _#_Population: 57,596 (July 1991), growth rate 0.6% (1991) _#_Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (1991) _#_Death rate: 11 deaths/1,000 population (1991) _#_Net migration rate: 5 migrants/1,000 population (1991) _#_Infant mortality rate: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (1991) _#_Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 78 years female (1991) _#_Total fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (1991) _#_Nationality: noun--Channel Islander(s); adjective--Channel Islander _#_Ethnic divisions: UK and Norman-French descent _#_Religion: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist _#_Language: English, French; Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts _#_Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%) but compulsory education age 5 to 16 _#_Labor force: NA _#_Organized labor: NA _*_Government _#_Long-form name: Bailiwick of Guernsey _#_Type: British crown dependency _#_Capital: Saint Peter Port _#_Administrative divisions: none (British crown dependency) _#_Independence: none (British crown dependency) _#_Constitution: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice _#_Legal system: English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court _#_National holiday: Liberation Day, 9 May (1945) _#_Executive branch: British monarch, lieutenant governor, bailiff, deputy bailiff _#_Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of the States _#_Judicial branch: Royal Court _#_Leaders: Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Head of Government--Lieutenant Governor Lt. Gen. Sir Michael WILKINS (since 1990); Bailiff Sir Charles FROSSARD (since 1982) _#_Political parties and leaders: none; all independents _#_Suffrage: universal at age 18 _#_Elections: Assembly of the States--last held NA (next to be held NA); results--percent of vote NA; seats--(60 total, 33 elected), all independents _#_Communists: none _#_Member of: none _#_Diplomatic representation: none (British crown dependency) _#_Flag: white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag _*_Economy _#_Overview: Tourism is a major source of revenue. Other economic activity includes financial services, breeding the world-famous Guernsey cattle, and growing tomatoes and flowers for export. _#_GDP: $NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate 9% (1987) _#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1988) _#_Unemployment rate: NA% _#_Budget: revenues $208.9 million; expenditures $173.9 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1988) _#_Exports: $NA; commodities--tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables; partners--UK (regarded as internal trade) _#_Imports: $NA; commodities--coal, gasoline and oil; partners--UK (regarded as internal trade) _#_External debt: $NA _#_Industrial production: growth rate NA% _#_Electricity: 173,000 kW capacity; 525 million kWh produced, 9,340 kWh per capita (1989) _#_Industries: tourism, banking _#_Agriculture: tomatoes, flowers (mostly grown in greenhouses), sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables and fruit; Guernsey cattle _#_Economic aid: none _#_Currency: Guernsey pound (plural--pounds); 1 Guernsey (5G) pound = 100 pence _#_Exchange rates: Guernsey pounds (5G) per US$1--0.5171 (January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985); note--the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound _#_Fiscal year: calendar year _*_Communications _#_Ports: Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson _#_Airport: 1 with permanent-surface runway 1,220-2,439 m (La Villiaze) _#_Telecommunications: stations--1 AM, no FM, 1 TV; 41,900 telephones; 1 submarine cable _*_Defense Forces _#_Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK _%_ _@_Guinea _*_Geography _#_Total area: 245,860 km2; land area: 245,860 km2 _#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon _#_Land boundaries: 3,399 km total; Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Ivory Coast 610 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km _#_Coastline: 320 km _#_Maritime claims: Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 12 nm _#_Climate: generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds _#_Terrain: generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior _#_Natural resources: bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish _#_Land use: arable land 6%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 12%; forest and woodland 42%; other 40%; includes irrigated NEGL% _#_Environment: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; deforestation _*_People _#_Population: 7,455,850 (July 1991), growth rate 2.5% (1991) _#_Birth rate: 47 births/1,000 population (1991) _#_Death rate: 21 deaths/1,000 population (1991) _#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991) _#_Infant mortality rate: 144 deaths/1,000 live births (1991) _#_Life expectancy at birth: 41 years male, 45 years female (1991) _#_Total fertility rate: 6.0 children born/woman (1991) _#_Nationality: noun--Guinean(s); adjective--Guinean _#_Ethnic divisions: Fulani 35%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, small indigenous tribes 15% _#_Religion: Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7% _#_Language: French (official); each tribe has its own language _#_Literacy: 24% (male 35%, female 13%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) _#_Labor force: 2,400,000 (1983); agriculture 82.0%, industry and commerce 11.0%, services 5.4%; 88,112 civil servants (1987); 52% of population of working age (1985) _#_Organized labor: virtually 100% of wage earners loosely affiliated with the National Confederation of Guinean Workers _*_Government _#_Long-form name: Republic of Guinea _#_Type: republic _#_Capital: Conakry _#_Administrative divisions: 29 administrative regions (regions administratives, singular--region administrative); Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Dubreka, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou _#_Independence: 2 October 1958 (from France; formerly French Guinea) _#_Constitution: 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale) _#_Legal system: based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction _#_National holiday: Anniversary of the Second Republic, 3 April (1984) _#_Executive branch: president, Transitional Committee for National Recovery (Comite Transitionale de Redressement National or CTRN) replaced the Military Committee for National Recovery (Comite Militaire de Redressement National or CMRN); Council of Ministers (cabinet) _#_Legislative branch: People's National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale Populaire) was dissolved after the 3 April 1984 coup _#_Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel) _#_Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--Gen. Lansana CONTE (since 5 April 1984) _#_Political parties and leaders: none; following the 3 April 1984 coup all political activity was banned _#_Suffrage: none _#_Elections: none _#_Communists: no Communist party, although there are some sympathizers _#_Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO _#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador (vacant); Chancery at 2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 483-9420; US--Ambassador Dane F. SMITH, Jr.; Embassy at 2nd Boulevard and 9th Avenue, Conakry (mailing address is B. P. 603, Conakry); telephone (224) 44-15-20 through 24 _#_Flag: three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Rwanda which has a large black letter R centered in the yellow band _*_Economy _#_Overview: Although possessing many natural resources and considerable potential for agricultural development, Guinea is one of the poorest countries in the world. The agricultural sector contributes about 40% to GDP and employs more than 80% of the work force, while industry accounts for 27% of GDP. Guinea possesses over 25% of theworld's bauxite reserves; exports of bauxite and alumina accounted for about 70% of total exports in 1989. _#_GDP: $2.7 billion, per capita $380; real growth rate 4.4% (1989 est.) _#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 28.2% (1989 est.) _#_Unemployment rate: NA% _#_Budget: revenues $394 million; expenditures $548 million, including capital expenditures of $254 million (1989 est.) _#_Exports: $645 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--alumina, bauxite, diamonds, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels; partners--US 33%, EC 33%, USSR and Eastern Europe 20%, Canada _#_Imports: $551 million (c.i.f., 1989 est.); commodities--petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles and other grain; partners--US 16%, France, Brazil _#_External debt: $2.6 billion (1990 est.) _#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for 27% of GDP _#_Electricity: 113,000 kW capacity; 300 million kWh produced, 40 kWh per capita (1989) _#_Industries: bauxite mining, alumina, gold, diamond mining, light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries _#_Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP (includes fishing and forestry); mostly subsistence farming; principal products--rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, timber; livestock--cattle, sheep and goats; not self-sufficient in food grains _#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $227 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $1,075 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $120 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $446 million _#_Currency: Guinean franc (plural--francs); 1 Guinean franc (FG) = 100 centimes _#_Exchange rates: Guinean francs (FG) per US$1--24.39 (1989), 19.23 (1988), 17.54 (1987), 14.29 (1986), NA (1985) _#_Fiscal year: calendar year _*_Communications _#_Railroads: 1,045 km; 806 km 1.000-meter gauge, 239 km 1.435-meter standard gauge _#_Highways: 30,100 km total; 1,145 km paved, 12,955 km gravel or laterite (of which barely 4,500 km are currently all-weather roads), 16,000 km unimproved earth (1987) _#_Inland waterways: 1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft native craft _#_Ports: Conakry, Kamsar _#_Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft _#_Airports: 16 total, 16 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m _#_Telecommunications: fair system of open-wire lines, small radiocommunication stations, and new radio relay system; 10,000 telephones; stations--3 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV; 12,000 TV sets; 125,000 radio receivers; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station _*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Army, Navy (acts primarily as a coast guard), Air Force, Republican Guard, paramilitary National Gendarmerie, Surete Nationale _#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 1,695,832; 853,593 fit for military service _#_Defense expenditures: $27 million, 1.2% of GDP (1988) _%_ _@_Guinea-Bissau _*_Geography _#_Total area: 36,120 km2; land area: 28,000 km2 _#_Comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut _#_Land boundaries: 724 km total; Guinea 386, Senegal 338 km _#_Coastline: 350 km _#_Maritime claims: Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 12 nm _#_Disputes: the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has rendered its decision on the Guinea-Bissau/Senegal maritime boundary (in favor of Senegal)--that decision has been rejected by Guinea-Bissau _#_Climate: tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoon-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds _#_Terrain: mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east _#_Natural resources: unexploited deposits of petroleum, bauxite, phosphates; fish, timber _#_Land use: arable land 11%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 43%; forest and woodland 38%; other 7% _#_Environment: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season _*_People _#_Population: 1,023,544 (July 1991), growth rate 2.4% (1991) _#_Birth rate: 42 births/1,000 population (1991) _#_Death rate: 18 deaths/1,000 population (1991) _#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991) _#_Infant mortality rate: 125 deaths/1,000 live births (1991) _#_Life expectancy at birth: 45 years male, 48 years female (1991) _#_Total fertility rate: 5.8 children born/woman (1991) _#_Nationality: noun--Guinea-Bissauan(s); adjective--Guinea-Bissauan _#_Ethnic divisions: African about 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%); European and mulatto less than 1% _#_Religion: indigenous beliefs 65%, Muslim 30%, Christian 5% _#_Language: Portuguese (official); Criolo and numerous African languages _#_Literacy: 36% (male 50%, female 24%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) _#_Labor force: 403,000 (est.); agriculture 90%, industry, services, and commerce 5%, government 5%; population of working age 53% (1983) _#_Organized labor: only one trade union--the National Union of Workers of Guinea-Bissau (UNTG) _*_Government _#_Long-form name: Republic of Guinea-Bissau _#_Type: republic; highly centralized one-party regime since September 1974; the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC) held an extraordinary party congress in December 1990 and established a two-year transition program during which the constitution will be revised, allowing for multiple political parties and a presidential election in 1993 _#_Capital: Bissau _#_Administrative divisions: 9 regions (regioes, singular--regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali _#_Independence: 24 September 1973 (from Portugal; formerly Portuguese Guinea) _#_Constitution: 16 May 1984 _#_Legal system: NA _#_National holiday: Independence Day, 24 September (1973) _#_Executive branch: president of the Council of State, vice presidents of the Council of State, Council of State, Council of Ministers (cabinet) _#_Legislative branch: unicameral National People's Assembly (Assembleia Nacional Popular) _#_Judicial branch: none; there is a Ministry of Justice in the Council of Ministers _#_Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--President of the Council of State Brig. Gen. Joao Bernardo VIEIRA (assumed power 14 November 1980 and elected President of Council of State on 16 May 1984); First Vice President Col. Iafai CAMARA (since 7 November 1985); Second Vice President Vasco CABRAL (since 21 June 1989) _#_Political parties and leaders: only party--African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), President Joao Bernardo VIEIRA, leader; the party decided to retain the binational title despite its formal break with Cape Verde _#_Suffrage: universal at age 15 _#_Elections: President of Council of State--last held 19 June 1989 (next to be held NA 1993); results--Brig. Gen. Joao Bernardo VIEIRA was reelected without opposition by the National People's Assembly; National People's Assembly--last held 15 June 1989 (next to be held 15 June 1994); results--PAIGC is the only party; seats--(150 total) PAIGC 150, appointed by Regional Councils _#_Communists: a few Communists, some sympathizers _#_Member of: ACCT (associate), ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOM (observer), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO _#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Alfredo Lopes CABRAL; Chancery (temporary) at the Guinea-Bissauan Permanent Mission to the UN, Suite 604, 211 East 43rd Street, New York, NY 10017; telephone (212) 661-3977; US--Ambassador William L. JACOBSEN, Jr.; Embassy at 17 Avenida Domingos Ramos, Bissau (mailing address is 1067 Bissau Codex, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau); telephone [245] 20-1139, 20-1145, 20-1113 _#_Flag: two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Cape Verde which has the black star raised above the center of the red band and is framed by two corn stalks and a yellow clam shell _*_Economy _#_Overview: Guinea-Bissau ranks among the poorest countries in the world, with a per capita GDP below $200. Agriculture and fishing are the main economic activities, with cashew nuts, peanuts, and palm kernels the primary exports. Exploitation of known mineral deposits is unlikely at present because of a weak infrastructure and the high cost of development. The government's four-year plan (1988-91) has targeted agricultural development as the top priority. _#_GDP: $154 million, per capita $160; real growth rate 5.0% (1989) _#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 25% (1990 est.) _#_Unemployment rate: NA% _#_Budget: revenues $22.7 million; expenditures $30.8 million, including capital expenditures of $18.0 million (1989 est.) _#_Exports: $14.2 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--cashews, fish, peanuts, palm kernels; partners--Portugal, Senegal, France, The Gambia, Netherlands, Spain _#_Imports: $68.9 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--capital equipment, consumer goods, semiprocessed goods, foods, petroleum; partners--Portugal, Netherlands, Senegal, USSR, Germany _#_External debt: $462 million (December 1990 est.) _#_Industrial production: growth rate - 1.0% (1989 est.); accounts for 10% of GDP (1989 est.) _#_Electricity: 22,000 kW capacity; 28 million kWh produced, 30 kWh per capita (1989) _#_Industries: agricultural processing, beer, soft drinks _#_Agriculture: accounts for over 50% of GDP, nearly 100% of exports, and 90% of employment; rice is the staple food; other crops include corn, beans, cassava, cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, and cotton; not self-sufficient in food; fishing and forestry potential not fully exploited _#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $49 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $561 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $41 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $68 million _#_Currency: Guinea-Bissauan peso (plural--pesos); 1 Guinea-Bissauan peso (PG) = 100 centavos _#_Exchange rates: Guinea-Bissauan pesos (PG) per US$1--1987.2 (1989), 1363.6 (1988), 851.65 (1987), 238.98 (1986), 173.61 (1985) _#_Fiscal year: calendar year _*_Communications _#_Highways: 3,218 km; 2,698 km bituminous, remainder earth _#_Inland waterways: scattered stretches are important to coastal commerce _#_Ports: Bissau _#_Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft _#_Airports: 37 total, 18 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m _#_Telecommunications: poor system of radio relay, open-wire lines, and radiocommunications; 3,000 telephones; stations--1 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station _*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP; including Army, Navy, Air Force), paramilitary force _#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 222,371; 126,797 fit for military service _#_Defense expenditures: $5 million, 3.2% of GDP (1987) _%_ _@_Guyana _*_Geography _#_Total area: 214,970 km2; land area: 196,850 km2 _#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Idaho _#_Land boundaries: 2,462 km total; Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km _#_Coastline: 459 km _#_Maritime claims: Continental shelf: outer edge of continental margin or 200 nm; Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 12 nm _#_Disputes: all of the area west of the Essequibo river claimed by Venezuela; Suriname claims area between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Kutari Rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne) _#_Climate: tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January) _#_Terrain: mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south _#_Natural resources: bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish _#_Land use: arable land 3%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 6%; forest and woodland 83%; other 8%; includes irrigated 1% _#_Environment: flash floods a constant threat during rainy seasons; water pollution _*_People _#_Population: 749,508 (July 1991), growth rate - 0.4% (1991) _#_Birth rate: 23 births/1,000 population (1991) _#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991) _#_Net migration rate: - 20 migrants/1,000 population (1991) _#_Infant mortality rate: 51 deaths/1,000 live births (1991) _#_Life expectancy at birth: 61 years male, 68 years female (1991) _#_Total fertility rate: 2.6 children born/woman (1991) _#_Nationality: noun--Guyanese (sing., pl.); adjective--Guyanese _#_Ethnic divisions: East Indian 51%, black and mixed 43%, Amerindian 4%, European and Chinese 2% _#_Religion: Christian 57%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 1% _#_Language: English, Amerindian dialects _#_Literacy: 95% (male 98%, female 96%) age 15 and over having ever attended school (1990 est.) _#_Labor force: 268,000; industry and commerce 44.5%, agriculture 33.8%, services 21.7%; public-sector employment amounts to 60-80% of the total labor force (1985) _#_Organized labor: 34% of labor force _*_Government _#_Long-form name: Co-operative Republic of Guyana _#_Type: republic _#_Capital: Georgetown _#_Administrative divisions: 10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo _#_Independence: 26 May 1966 (from UK; formerly British Guiana) _#_Constitution: 6 October 1980 _#_Legal system: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction _#_National holiday: Republic Day, 23 February (1970) _#_Executive branch: executive president, first vice president, prime minister, first deputy prime minister, Cabinet _#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly _#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Judicature _#_Leaders: Chief of State--Executive President Hugh Desmond HOYTE (since 6 August 1985); First Vice President Hamilton GREEN (since 6 August 1985); Head of Government--Prime Minister Hamilton GREEN (since NA August 1985) _#_Political parties and leaders: People's National Congress (PNC), Hugh Desmond HOYTE; People's Progressive Party (PPP), Cheddi JAGAN; Working People's Alliance (WPA), Eusi KWAYANA, Rupert ROOPNARINE, Moses BHAGWAN; Democratic Labor Movement (DLM), Paul TENNASSEE; People's Democratic Movement (PDM), Llewellyn JOHN; National Democratic Front (NDF), Joseph BACCHUS; United Force (UF), Marcellus Feilden SINGH; United Republican Party (URP), Leslie RAMSAMMY; National Republican Party (NRP), Robert GANGADEEN _#_Suffrage: universal at age 18 _#_Elections: Executive President--last held on 9 December 1985 (next to be held mid-1991); Hugh Desmond HOYTE was elected president (the leader of the party with the most votes in the National Assembly elections); National Assembly--last held on 9 December 1985 (next to be held mid-1991); results--PNC 78%, PPP 16%, UF 4%, WPA 2%; seats--(65 total, 53 elected) PNC 42, PPP 8, UF 2, WPA 1 _#_Communists: 100 (est.) hardcore within PPP; top echelons of PPP and PYO (Progressive Youth Organization, militant wing of the PPP) include many Communists; small but unknown number of orthodox Marxist-Leninists within PNC, some of whom formerly belonged to the PPP _#_Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress (TUC); Guyanese Action for Reform and Democracy (GUARD) includes various labor groups as well as several of the smaller parties; Guyana Council of Indian Organizations (GCIO); Civil Liberties Action Committee (CLAC); the latter two organizations are small and active but not well organized; Guyanese Action for Reform and Democracy (GUARD) includes various labor groups, as well as several of the smaller political parties _#_Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, LORCS, NAM, OAS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO _#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Dr. Cedric Hilburn GRANT; Chancery at 2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 265-6900; there is a Guyanese Consulate General in New York; US--Ambassador George JONES; Embassy at 31 Main Street, Georgetown; telephone [592] (02) 54900 through 54909 _#_Flag: green with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow white border between the yellow and the green _*_Economy _#_Overview: After growing on average at less than 1% a year in 1986-87, GDP dropped by 3% a year in 1988-89. The decline resulted from bad weather, labor trouble in the canefields, and flooding and equipment problems in the bauxite industry. Consumer prices rose about 35% in 1988 and by over 100% in 1989, and the current account deficit widened substantially as sugar and bauxite exports fell. Moreover, electric power is in short supply and constitutes a major barrier to future gains in national output. The government, in association with international financial agencies, seeks to reduce its payment arrears and to raise new funds. The government's stabilization program--aimed at establishing realistic exchange rates, reasonable price stability, and a resumption of growth--requires considerable public administrative abilities and continued patience by consumers during a long incubation period. _#_GDP: $287.2 million, per capita $380; real growth rate - 3.3% (1989) _#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 105% (1989) _#_Unemployment rate: 12-15% (1991 est.) _#_Budget: revenues $65 million; expenditures $129 million, including capital expenditures of $6 million (1989 est.) _#_Exports: $234 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.); commodities--bauxite, sugar, gold, rice, shrimp, molasses, timber, rum; partners--UK 31%, US 23%, CARICOM 7%, Canada 6% (1988) _#_Imports: $319 million (c.i.f., 1991 est.); commodities--manufactures machinery, food, petroleum; partners--US 33%, CARICOM 10%, UK 9%, Canada 2% (1989) _#_External debt: $1.7 billion, including arrears (December 1990 est.) _#_Industrial production: growth rate - 10.0% (1989 est.); accounts for more than 20% of GDP _#_Electricity: 250,000 kW capacity; 635 million kWh produced, 830 kWh per capita (1990) _#_Industries: bauxite mining, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing (shrimp), textiles, gold mining _#_Agriculture: most important sector, accounting for 27% of GDP and about 50% of exports; sugar and rice are key crops; development potential exists for fishing and forestry; not self-sufficient in food, especially wheat, vegetable oils, and animal products _#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $116 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $244 million; Communist countries 1970-89, $242 million _#_Currency: Guyanese dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Guyanese dollar (G$) = 100 cents _#_Exchange rates: Guyanese dollars (G$) per US$1--45.00 (since June 1990), 39.533 (1990), 27.159 (1989), 10.000 (1988), 9.756 (1987), 4.272 (1986), 4.252 (1985) _#_Fiscal year: calendar year _*_Communications _#_Railroads: 187 km total, all single track 0.914-meter gauge _#_Highways: 7,665 km total; 550 km paved, 5,000 km gravel, 1,525 km earth, 590 km unimproved _#_Inland waterways: 6,000 km total of navigable waterways; Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo Rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively _#_Ports: Georgetown _#_Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft _#_Airports: 58 total, 55 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; none with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 14 with runways 1,220-2,439 m _#_Telecommunications: fair system with radio relay network; over 27,000 telephones; tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; stations--4 AM, 3 FM, no TV, 1 shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station _*_Defense Forces _#_Branches: Guyana Defense Force (GDF; includes Coast Guard and Air Corps), Guyana Police Force (GPF), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS) _#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 195,142; 148,477 fit for military service _#_Defense expenditures: $5.5 million, 6% of GDP (1989 est.) _%_ _@_Haiti _*_Geography _#_Total area: 27,750 km2; land area: 27,560 km2 _#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland _#_Land boundary: 275 km with the Dominican Republic _#_Coastline: 1,771 km _#_Maritime claims: Contiguous zone: 24 nm; Continental shelf: to depth of exploitation; Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 12 nm _#_Disputes: claims US-administered Navassa Island _#_Climate: tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds _#_Terrain: mostly rough and mountainous _#_Natural resources: bauxite _#_Land use: arable land 20%; permanent crops 13%; meadows and pastures 18%; forest and woodland 4%; other 45%; includes irrigated 3% _#_Environment: lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; deforestation; soil erosion _#_Note: shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic _*_People _#_Population: 6,286,511 (July 1991), growth rate 2.3% (1991) _#_Birth rate: 43 births/1,000 population (1991) _#_Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1991) _#_Net migration rate: - 5 migrants/1,000 population (1991) _#_Infant mortality rate: 106 deaths/1,000 live births (1991) _#_Life expectancy at birth: 52 years male, 55 years female (1991) _#_Total fertility rate: 6.3 children born/woman (1991) _#_Nationality: noun--Haitian(s); adjective--Haitian _#_Ethnic divisions: black 95%, mulatto and European 5% _#_Religion: Roman Catholic is the official religion; Roman Catholic 80% (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo), Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982) _#_Language: French (official) spoken by only 10% of population; all speak Creole _#_Literacy: 53% (male 59%, female 47%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) _#_Labor force: 2,300,000; agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%; shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1982) _#_Organized labor: NA _*_Government _#_Long-form name: Republic of Haiti _#_Type: republic _#_Capital: Port-au-Prince _#_Administrative divisions: 9 departments, (departements, singular--departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est _#_Independence: 1 January 1804 (from France) _#_Constitution: 27 August 1983, suspended February 1986; draft constitution approved March 1987, suspended June 1988, most articles reinstated March 1989; March 1987 Constitution fully observed by government installed on 7 February 1991 _#_Legal system: based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction _#_National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January (1804) _#_Executive branch: president, Council of Ministers (cabinet) _#_Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale) consisting of an upper house or Senate and a lower house or House of Deputies _#_Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour de Cassation) _#_Leaders: Chief of State--President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 1991); Head of Government--Prime Minister Rene PREVAL (since 13 February 1991) _#_Political parties and leaders: National Front for Change and Democracy (FNCD) led by Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE, including Congress of Democratic Movements (CONACOM), Victor BENOIT; National Konbite Movement (MKN), Volvick Remy JOSEPH; National Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP), a coalition consisting of Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti (MIDH), Marc BAZIN; National Progressive Revolutionary Party (PANPRA), Serge GILLES; and National Patriotic Movement of November 28 (MNP-28), Dejean BELIZAIRE; National Agricultural and Industrial Party (PAIN), Louis DEJOIE;
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