Beowulf
by
James A. Harrison and Robert Sharp, eds.
Part 10 out of 11
þreátian, w. v. w. acc., _to press, oppress_: pret. pl. mec ...þreátedon,
560.
þreot-teoða, num. adj. w. m., _thirteenth_: nom. sg. þreot-teoða secg,
2407.
þreó, num. (neut.), _three_: acc. þrió wicg, 2175; þreó hund wintra, 2279.
þridda, num. adj. w. m., _third_: instr. þriddan sîðe, 2689.
ge-þring, st. n., _eddy, whirlpool, crush_: acc. on holma ge-þring, 2133.
þringan, st. v., _to press_: pret. sg. wergendra tô lyt þrong ymbe þeóden
(_too few defenders pressed round the prince_), 2884; pret. pl. syððan
Hrêðlingas tô hagan þrungon (_after the Hrethlingas had pressed into the
hedge_), 2961.
for-þringan, _to press out; rescue, protect_: inf. þät he ne mehte ...þâ
weá-lâfe wîge for-þringan þeódnes þegne (_that he could not rescue the
wretched remnant from the king's thane by war_), 1085.
ge-þringan, _to press_: pret. sg. ceól up geþrang (_the ship shot up_),
i.e. on the shore in landing), 1913.
þritig, num., _thirty_ (neut. subst.): acc. sg. w. partitive gen.: þritig
þegna, 123; gen. þrittiges (XXXtiges MS.) manna, 379.
þrîst-hydig, adj., _bold-minded, valorous_: nom. sg. þióden þrîst-hydig
(Beówulf), 2811.
þrowian, w. v. w. acc., _to suffer, endure_: inf. (hât, gnorn) þrowian,
2606, 2659; pret. sg. þrowade, 1590, 1722; þrowode, 2595.
þryð, st. f., _abundance, multitude_, _excellence, power_: instr. pl.
þryðum (_excellently, extremely; excellent in strength?_), 494.
þryð-ärn, st. n., _excellent house, royal hall_: acc. sg. (of Heorot), 658.
þryðlîc, adj., _excellent, chosen_: nom. sg. þryð-lîc þegna heáp, 400,
1628; superl. acc. pl. þryð-lîcost, 2870.
þrýð-swýð, st. n.?, _great pain_ (?): acc., 131, 737 [? adj., _very
powerful, exceeding strong_].
þryð-word, st. n., _bold speech, choice discourse_: nom. sg., 644. (Great
store was set by good table-talk: cf. Lachmann's Nibelunge, 1612; Rîgsmâl,
29, 7, in Möbius, p. 79b, 22.)
þrym, st. m.: 1) _power, might, force_: nom. sg. ýða þrym, 1919; instr. pl.
= adv. þrymmum (_powerfully_), 235.--2) _glory, renown_: acc. sg. þrym,
2.--Comp. hyge-þrym.
þrym-lîc, adj., _powerful, mighty_: nom. sg. þrec-wudu þrym-lîc (_the
mighty spear_), 1247.
þu, pron., _thou_, 366, 407, 445, etc.; acc. sg. þec (poetic), 948, 2152,
etc.; þe, 417, 426, 517, etc.; after compar. sêlran þe (_a better one than
thee_), 1851. See ge.
þunca, w. m. See äf-þunca.
ge-þungen. See ge-þingan, st. v.
þurfan, pret.-pres. v., _to need_: pres. sg. II. nô þu ne þearft ...
sorgian (_needest not care_), 450; so, 445, 1675; III. ne þearf ...
onsittan (_need not fear_), 596; so, 2007, 2742; pres. subj. þät he ...
sêcean þurfe, 2496; pret. sg. þorfte, 157, 1027, 1072, 2875, 2996; pl.
nealles Hetware hrêmge þorfton (i.e. wesan) fêðe-wîges (_needed not boast
of their foot-fight_), 2365.
ge-þuren. See þweran.
þurh, prep. w. acc. signifying motion through, hence: I. local, _through,
throughout_: wôd þâ þurh þone wäl-rêc (_went then through the
battle-reek_), 2662.--II. causal: l) _on account of, for the sake of, owing
to_: þurh slîðne nîð (_through fierce hostility, heathenism_), 184; þurh
holdne hige (_from friendliness_), 267; so, þurh rûmne sefan, 278; þurh
sîdne sefan, 1727; eóweð þurh egsan uncûðne nîð (_shows unheard-of
hostility by the terror he causes_), 276; so, 1102, 1336, 2046. 2) _by
means of, through_: heaðo-ræs for-nam mihtig mere-deór þurh mîne hand, 558;
þurh ânes cräft, 700; so, 941, 1694, 1696, 1980, 2406, 3069.
þus, adv., _so, thus_, 238, 337, 430.
þunian, w. v., _to din, sound forth_: pret. sg. sund-wudu þunede, 1907.
þûsend, num., _thousand_: 1) fem. acc. ic þe þûsenda þegna bringe tô helpe,
1830.--2) neut. with measure of value (sceat) omitted: acc. seofan þûsendo,
2196; gen. hund-þûsenda landes and locenra beága (100,000 _sceattas' worth
of land and rings_), 2995.--3) uninflected: acc. þûsend wintra, 3051.
þwære, adj., _affable, mild_: in comp. man-þwære.
ge-þwære, adj., _gentle, mild_: nom. pl. ge-þwære, 1231.
ge-þweran, st. v., _to forge, strike_: pret. part. heoru ... hamere
ge-þuren (for ge-þworen) (_hammer-forged sword_), 1286.
þyhtig. See þihtig.
ge-þyld (see þolian), st. f.: 1) _patience, endurance_: acc. sg. ge-þyld,
1396.--2) _steadfastness_: instr. pl. = adv.: ge-þyldum (_steadfastly,
patiently_), 1706.
þyle, st. m., _spokesman, leader of the conversation at court_: nom. sg.,
1166, 1457.
þyncan, þincean, w. v. w. dat. of pers., _to seem, appear_: pres. sg. III.
þinceð him tô lytel (_it seems to him too little_), 1749; ne þynceð me
gerysne, þät we _(it seemeth to me not fit that we_ ...), 2654; pres. pl.
hy ... wyrðe þinceað eorla ge-æhtlan (_they seem worthy contenders with_
(?) _earls_; or, _worthy warriors_), 368; pres. subj. swâ him ge-met þince,
688; inf. þincean, 1342; pret. sg. þûhte, 2462, 3058; nô his lîf-gedâl
sâr-lîc þûhte secga ænigum (_his death seemed painful to none of men_),
843; pret. pl. þær him fold-wegas fägere þûhton, 867.
of-þincan, _to displease, offend_: inf. mäg þäs þonne of-þyncan þeóden
(dat.) Heaðo-beardna and þegna gehwâm þâra leóda, 2033.
þyrs, st. m., _giant_: dat. sg. wið þyrse (Grendel), 426.
þys-lîc, adj., _such, of such a nature_: nom. sg. fem. þys-lîcu þearf,
2638.
þý. See þät.
þýwan (M.H.G. diuhen, O.H.G. duhan), w. v., _to crush, oppress_: inf. gif
þec ymb-sittend egesan þýwað (_if thy neighbors oppress thee with dread_),
1828.
þýstru, st. f., _darkness_: dat. pl. in þýstrum, 87.
ge-þýwe, adj., _customary, usual_: nom. sg. swâ him ge-þýwe ne wäs (_as was
not his custom_), 2333.
U
ufan, _adv., from above_, 1501; _above_, 330.
ufera (prop. _higher_), adj., _later_: dat. pl. ufaran dôgrum, 2201, 2393.
ufor, adv., _higher_, 2952.
uhte, w. f., _twilight_ or _dawn_: dat. or acc. on uhtan, 126.
uht-floga, w. m., _twilight-flier, dawn-flier_ (epithet of the dragon):
gen. sg. uht-flogan, 2761.
uht-hlem, st. m., _twilight-cry, dawn-cry_: acc. sg., 2008.
uht-sceaða, w. m., _twilight-_ or _dawn-foe_: nom. sg., 2272.
umbor, st. n., _child, infant_: acc. sg., 46; dat. sg., 1188.
un-blîðe, adv.(?), _unblithely, sorrowfully_, 130, 2269; (adj., nom. pl.?),
3032.
un-byrnende, pres. part., _unburning, without burning_, 2549.
unc, dat. and acc. of the dual wit, _us two, to us two_, 1784, 2138, 2527;
gen. hwäðer ... uncer twega (_which of us two_), 2533; uncer Grendles (_of
us two, G. and me_), 2003.
uncer, poss. pron., _of us two_: nom. sg. [uncer], 2002(?); dat. pl. uncran
eaferan, 1186.
un-cûð, adj.: 1) _unknown_: nom. sg. stîg ... eldum uncûð, 2215; acc. sg.
neut. uncûð ge-lâd (_unknown ways_), 1411.--2) _unheard-of, barbarous,
evil_: acc. sg. un-cûðne nîð, 276; gen. sg. un-cûðes (_of the foe_,
Grendel), 961.
under, I. prep. w. dat. and acc.: 1) w. dat., answering question where? =
_under_ (of rest), contrasted with _over_: bât (wäs) under beorge, 211; þâ
cwom Wealhþeó forð gân under gyldnum beáge (_W. walked forth under a golden
circlet_, i.e. decked with), 1164; siððan he under segne sine ealgode
(_under his banner_), 1205; he under rande ge-cranc (_sank under his
shield_), 1210; under wolcnum, 8, 1632; under heofenum, 52, 505; under
roderum, 310; under helme, 342, 404; under here-grîman, 396, 2050, 2606;
so, 711, 1198, 1303, 1929, 2204, 2416, 3061, 3104.--2) w. acc.: a)
answering question whither? = _under_ (of motion): þâ secg wîsode under
Heorotes hrôf, 403; siððan æfen-leóht under heofenes hâdor be-holen
weorðeð, 414; under sceadu bregdan, 708; fleón under fen-hleoðu, 821; hond
âlegde ... under geápne hrôf, 837; teón in under eoderas, 1038; so, 1361,
1746, 2129, 2541, 2554, 2676, 2745; so, häfde þâ for-sîðod sunu Ecg-þeówes
under gynne grund, 1552 (for-sîðian requires acc.). b) after verbs of
venturing and fighting, with acc. of object had in view: he under hârne
stân ...âna ge-nêðde frêcne dæde, 888; ne dorste under ýða ge-win aldre
ge-nêðan, 1470. c) indicating extent, with acc. after expressions of limit,
etc.: under swegles begong (_as far as the sky extends_), 861, 1774; under
heofenes hwealf (_as far as heaven's vault reaches_), 2016.
II. Adv., _beneath, below_: stîg under läg (_a path lay beneath_, i.e. the
rock), 2214.
undern-mæl, st. n., _midday_: acc. sg., 1429.
un-dyrne, un-derne, adj., _without concealment, plain, clear_: nom. sg.,
127, 2001; un-derne, 2912.
un-dyrne, adv., _plainly, evidently_; un-dyrne cûð, 150, 410.
un-fäger, adj., _unlovely, hideous_: nom. sg. leóht un-fäger, 728.
un-fæcne, adj., _without malice, sincere_: nom. sg., 2069.
un-fæge, adj., _not death-doomed_ or "_fey_": nom. sg., 2292; acc. sg.
un-fægne eorl, 573.
un-flitme, adv., _solemnly, incontestably_: Finn Hengeste elne unflitme
âðum benemde (_F. swore solemnly to H. with oaths_) [if an adj., elne un-f.
= _unconquerable in valor_], 1098.
un-forht, adj., _fearless, bold_: nom. sg., 287; acc. pl. unforhte (adv.?),
444. See Note.
un-from, adj., _unfit, unwarlike_: nom. sg., 2189.
un-frôd, adj., _not aged, young_: dat sg. guman un-frôdum, 2822.
un-gedêfelîce, adv., _unjustly, contrary to right and custom_, 2436.
un-gemete, adv., _immeasurably, exceedingly_, 2421, 2722, 2729.
un-gemetes, adv. gen. sg., the same, 1793.
un-geâra, adv., (_not old_), _recently, lately_, 933; _soon_, 603.
un-gifeðe, adj., _not to be granted; refused_: nom. sg., 2922.
un-gleáw, adj., _regardless, reckless_: acc. sg. sweord ... ecgum ungleáw
(of a sharp-edged sword), 2565.
un-hâr, adj., _very gray_: nom. sg., 357; (_bald_?).
un-hælo, st. f., _mischief, destruction_: gen. sg. wiht un-hælo (_the demon
of destruction_, Grendel), 120.
un-heóre, un-hýre, adj., _monstrous, horrible_: nom. sg. m., weard un-hióre
(the dragon), 2414; neut. wîf un-hýre (Grendel's mother), 2121; nom. pl.
neut. hand-sporu ... unheóru (of Grendel's claws), 988.
un-hlytme, un-hlitme, adv. (cf. A.S. hlytm = _lot_; O.N. hluti = _part
division_), _undivided, unseparated_, _united_, 1130 [unless = un-flitme,
1098]. See Note.
un-leóf, adj., _hated_: acc. pl. seah on un-leófe, 2864.
un-lifigende, pres. part., _unliving, lifeless_: nom. sg. un-lifigende,
468; acc. sg. un-lyfigendne, 1309; dat. sg. un-lifgendum, 1390; gen. sg.
un-lyfigendes, 745.
un-lytel, adj., _not little, very large_: nom. sg. duguð un-lytel (_a great
band of warriors_? or _great joy_?), 498; dôm un-lytel (_no little glory_),
886; acc. sg. torn un-lytel (_very great shame, misery_), 834.
un-murnlîce, adv., _unpityingly, without sorrowing_, 449, 1757.
unnan, pret.-pres. v., _to grant, give; wish, will_: pret.-pres. sg. I. ic
þe an tela sinc-gestreóna, 1226; weak pret. sg. I. ûðe ic swîðor þät þu
hine selfne ge-seón môste, 961; III. he ne ûðe þät ...(_he granted not that
..._), 503; him god ûðe þät ... he hyne sylfne ge-wräc (_God granted to him
that he avenged himself_), 2875; þeáh he ûðe wel (_though he well would_),
2856.
ge-unnan, _to grant, permit_: inf. gif he ûs ge-unnan wile þät we hine ...
grêtan môton, 346; me ge-ûðe ylda waldend, þät ic ... ge-seah hangian (_the
Ruler of men permitted me to see hanging ..._), 1662.
un-nyt, adj., _useless_: nom. sg., 413, 3170.
un-riht, st. n., _unright, injustice, wrong_: acc. sg. unriht, 1255, 2740;
instr. sg. un-rihte (_unjustly, wrongly_), 3060.
un-rîm, st. n., _immense number_: nom. sg., 1239, 3136; acc. sg., 2625.
un-rîme, adj., _countless, measureless_: nom. sg. gold un-rîme, 3013.
un-rôt, adj., _sorrowing_: nom. pl. un-rôte, 3149.
un-snyttru, st. f., _lack of wisdom_: dat. pl. for his un-snyttrum (_for
his unwisdom_), 1735.
un-softe, adv., _unsoftly, with violence_ (_hardly_?), 2141; _scarcely_,
1656.
un-swýðe, adv., _not strongly_ or _powerfully_: compar. (ecg) bât unswîðor
þonne his þiód-cyning þearfe häfde (_the sword bit less sharply than the
prince of the people needed_), 2579; fýr unswîðor weóll, 2882.
un-synnig, adj., _guiltless, sinless_: acc. sg. un-synnigne, 2090.
un-synnum, adv. instr. pl., _guiltlessly_, 1073.
un-tæle, adj., _blameless_: acc. pl. un-tæle, 1866.
un-tyder, st. m., _evil race, monster_: nom. pl. un-tydras, 111. [Cf. Ger.
un-mensch.]
un-wâclîc, adj., _that cannot be shaken; firm, strong_: acc. sg. âd ...
un-wâclîcne, 3139.
un-wearnum, adv. instr. pl., _unawares, suddenly_; (_unresistingly_?), 742.
un-wrecen, pret. part., _unavenged_, 2444.
up, adv., _up, upward_, 224, 519, 1374, 1620, 1913, 1921, 2894; (of the
voice), þâ wäs ... wôp up âhafen, 128; so, 783.
up-lang, adj., _upright, erect_: nom. sg., 760.
uppe (adj., ûfe, ûffe), adv., _above_, 566.
up-riht, adj., _upright, erect_: nom. sg., 2093.
uton. See wuton.
Û
ûð-genge, adj., _transitory, evanescent, ready to depart_, (_fled_?): þær
wäs Äsc-here ... feorh ûð-genge, 2124.
ûs, pers. pron. dat. and acc. of we (see we), _us, to us_, 1822, 2636,
2643, 2921, 3002, 3079; acc. (poetic), ûsic, 2639, 2641, 2642;--gen. ûre:
ûre æg-hwylc (_each of us_), 1387; ûser, 2075.
ûser, possess, pron.: nom. sg. ûre man-drihten, 2648; dat. sg. ûssum
hlâforde, 2635; gen. sg. neut. ûsses cynnes, 2814; dat. pl. ûrum ... bâm
(_to us both, two_) (for unc bâm), 2660.
ût, adv., _out_, 215, 537, 664, 1293, 1584, 2082, 2558, 3131.
ûtan, adv., _from without, without_, 775, 1032, 1504, 2335.
ût-fûs, adj., _ready to go_: nom. sg. hringed-stefna îsig and ût-fûs, 33.
ût-weard, adj., _outward, outside, free_: nom. sg. eoten (Grendel) wäs
ût-weard, 762.
ûtan-weard, adj., _without, outward, from without_: acc. sg. hlæw ... ealne
ûtan-weardne, 2298.
W
*wacan, st. v., _to awake, arise, originate_: pret. sg. þanon (from Cain)
wôc fela geó-sceaft-gâsta, 1266; so, 1961; pl. þâm feówer bearn ... in
worold wôcun, 60.
*on-wacan: 1) _to awake_ (intrans.): pret. sg. þâ se wyrm on-wôc (_when the
drake awoke_), 2288.--2) _to be born_: pret. sg. him on-wôc heáh Healfdene,
56; pl. on-wôcon, 111.
wacian, w. v., _to watch_: imper. sg. waca wið wrâðum! 661.
wadan, st. v., (cf. wade, waddle) _to traverse; stride, go_: pret. sg. wôd
þurh þone wäl-rêc, 2662; wôd under wolcnum (_stalked beneath the clouds_),
715.
ge-wadan, _to attain by moving, come to, reach_: pret. part. ôð þät ...
wunden-stefna ge-waden häfde, þät þâ lîðende land ge-sâwon (_till the ship
had gone so far that the sailors saw land_), 220.
on-wadan, w. acc., _to invade, befall_: pret. sg. hine fyren on-wôd(?),
916.
þurh-wadan, _to penetrate, pierce_: pret. sg. þät swurd þurh-wôd wrät-lîcne
wyrm, 891; so, 1568.
wag, st. m., _wall_: dat. sg. on wage, 1663; dat. pl. äfter wagum (_along
the walls_), 996.
wala, w. m., _boss_: nom. pl. walan, 1032 (cf. Bouterwek in Haupt XI., 85
seqq.).
walda, w. m., _wielder, ruler_: in comp. an-, eal-walda.
wald-swaðu, st. f., _forest-path_: dat. pl. äfter wald-swaðum (_along the
wood-paths_), 1404.
wam, wom, st. m., _spot, blot, sin_: acc. sg. him be-beorgan ne con wom
(_cannot protect himself from evil_ or _from the evil strange orders_,
etc.; wom = wogum? = _crooked_?), 1748; instr. pl. wommum, 3074.
wan, won, adj., _wan, lurid, dark_: nom. sg, ýð-geblond ... won (_the dark
waves_), 1375; se wonna hrefn (_the black raven_), 3025; wonna lêg (_lurid
flame_), 3116; dat. sg. f. on wanre niht, 703; nom. pl. neut. scadu-helma
ge-sceapu ... wan, 652.
wang, st. m., _mead, field; place_: acc. sg. wang, 93, 225; wong, 1414,
2410, 3074; dat. sg. wange, 2004; wonge, 2243, 3040; acc. pl. wongas,
2463.--Comp.: freoðo-, grund-, medo-, sæ-wang.
wang-stede, st. m., (locus campestris), _spot, place_: dat. sg. wong-stede,
2787.
wan-hýd (for hygd), st. f., _heedlessness, recklessness_: dat. pl. for his
won-hýdum, 434.
wanian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to decrease, wane_: inf. þâ þät sweord ongan
... wanian, 1608.--2) w. acc., _to cause to wane_ or _lessen_: pret. sg. he
tô lange leóde mîne wanode, 1338.
ge-wanian, _to decrease, diminish_: pret. part. is mîn flet-werod ...
ge-wanod, 477.
wan-sælig, adj., _unhappy, wretched_: nom. sg. won-sælig wer (Grendel),
105.
wan-sceaft, st. f., _misery, want_: acc. sg. won-sceaft, 120.
warian, w. v. w. acc., _to occupy, guard, possess_: pres. sg. III. þær he
hæðen gold warað (_where he guards heathen gold_), 2278; pl. III. hie
(Grendel and his mother) dýgel land warigeað, 1359; pret. sg. (Grendel)
goldsele warode, 1254; (Cain) wêsten warode, 1266.
waroð, st. m., _shore_: dat. sg. tô waroðe, 234; acc. pl. wide waroðas,
1966.
waru, st. f., _inhabitants_, (collective) _population_: in comp. land-waru.
wâ, interj., _woe!_ wâ bið þäm þe... (_woe to him that..._), 183.
wâðu, st. f., _way, journey_: in comp. gamen-wâðu.
wânian, w. v., _to weep, whine, howl_, w. acc.: inf. gehýrdon ... sâr
wânigean helle häftan (_they heard the hell-fastened one lamenting his
pain_), 788; pret. sg. [wânode], 3152(?).
wât. See witan.
wäcean, w. v., _to watch_: pret. part wäccende, 709, 2842; acc. sg. m.
wäccendne wer, 1269. See wacian.
wäcnan, w. v., _to be awake, come forth_: inf., 85.
wäd, st. n., (the moving) _sea, ocean_: nom. wado weallende, 546; wadu
weallendu, 581; gen. pl. wada 508.
wäfre, adj., _wavering_ (like flame), _ghostlike, without distinct bodily
form_: nom. sg. wäl-gæst wäfre (of Grendel's mother), 1332;--_flickering,
expiring_: nom. sg. wäfre môd, 1151; him wäs geômor sefa, wäfre and
wäl-fûs, 2421.
be-wägnan, w. v., _to offer_: pret part, him wäs ... freónd-laðu wordum
be-wägned, 1194.
wäl, st. n., _battle, slaughter, the slain in battle_: acc. sg. wäl, 1213,
3028, blôdig wäl, 448; oððe on wäl crunge (_or in battle, among the slain,
fall_), 636; dat. sg. sume on wäle crungon (_some fell in the slaughter_),
1114; dat. sg. in Fr...es wäle (proper name in MS. destroyed), 1071; nom.
pl. walu, 1043.
wäl-bed, st. n., _slaughter-bed, deathbed_: dat. sg. on wäl-bedde, 965.
wäl-bend, st. f., _death-bond_: acc. sg. or pl. wäl-bende ...
hand-gewriðene, 1937.
wäl-bleát, adj., _deadly, mortal, cruel_: acc. sg. wunde wäl-bleáte, 2726.
wäl-deáð, st. m., _death in battle_: nom. sg., 696.
wäl-dreór, st. m., _battle-gore_: instr. sg. wäl-dreóre, 1632.
wäl-fâh, adj., _slaughter-stained, blood-stained_: acc. sg. wäl-fâgne
winter, 1129.
wäl-fähð, st. f., _deadly feud_: gen. pl. wäl-fæhða, 2029.
wäl-feall, st. m., _(fall of the slain), death, destruction_: dat. sg. tô
wäl-fealle, 1712.
wäl-fûs, adj., _ready for death, foreboding death_: nom. sg., 2421.
wäl-fyllo, st. f., _fill of slaughter_: dat. sg. mid þære wäl-fulle (i.e.
the thirty men nightly slaughtered at Heorot by Grendel), 125; wäl-fylla?
3155.
wäl-fýr, st. n.: 1) _deadly fire_: instr. sg. wäl-fýre (of the fire-spewing
dragon), 2583.--2) _corpse-consuming fire, funeral pyre_: gen. pl. wäl-fýra
mæst, 1120.
wäl-gæst, st. m., _deadly sprite_ (of Grendel and his mother): nom. sg.
wäl-gæst, 1332; acc. sg. þone wäl-gæst, 1996.
wäl-hlem, st. m., _death-stroke_: acc. sg. wäl-hlem þone, 1996.
wälm, st. m., _flood, whelming water_: nom. sg. þære burnan wälm, 2547;
gen. sg. þäs wälmes (_of the surf_), 2136.--Comp. cear-wälm.
wäl-nîð, st. m., _deadly hostility_: nom. sg., 3001; dat. sg. äfter
wäl-nîðe, 85; nom. pl. wäl-nîðas, 2066.
wäl-râp, st. m., _flood-fetter, i.e. ice_: acc. pl. wäl-râpas, 1611; (cf.
wäll, wel, wyll = _well, flood_: leax sceal on wäle mid sceóte scrîðan,
Gnom. Cott. 39).
wäl-ræs, st. m., _deadly onslaught_: nom. sg., 2948; dat. sg. wäl-ræse,
825, 2532.
wäl-rest, st. f., _death-bed_, acc. sg. wäl-reste, 2903.
wäl-rêc, st. m., _deadly reek_ or _smoke_: acc. sg. wôd þâ þurh þone
wäl-rêc, 2662.
wäl-reáf, st, n., _booty of the slain, battle-plunder_: acc. sg., 1206.
wäl-reów, adj., _bold in battle_: nom. sg., 630.
wäl-sceaft, st. m., _deadly shaft, spear_: acc. pl. wäl-sceaftas, 398.
wäl-seax, st. n., _deadly knife, war-knife_: instr. sg. wäll-seaxe, 2704.
wäl-stenge, st. m., _battle-spear_: dat. sg. on þam wäl-stenge, 1639.
wäl-stôw, st. f., _battle-field_: dat. sg. wäl-stôwe, 2052, 2985.
wästm, st. m., _growth, form, figure_: dat. sg. on weres wästmum (_in man's
form_), 1353.
wäter, st. n., _water_: nom. sg., 93, 1417, 1515, 1632; acc. sg. wäter,
1365, 1620; deóp wäter (_the deep_), 509, 1905; ofer wîd wäter (_over the
high sea]_, 2474; dat. sg. äfter wätere _(along the Grendel-sea_), 1426;
under wätere (_at the bottom of the sea_), 1657; instr. wätere, 2723;
wätre, 2855; gen. sg. ofer wäteres hrycg (_over the surface of the sea_),
471; on wäteres æht, 516; þurh wäteres wylm (_through the sea-wave_), 1694;
gen. = instr. wäteres weorpan (_to sprinkle with water_), 2792.
wäter-egesa, st. m., _water-terror_, i.e. _the fearful sea_: acc. sg., 1261
wäter-ýð, st. f., _water-wave, billow_: dat. pl. wäter-ýðum, 2243.
wæd, st. f., _(weeds), garment_: in comp. here-, hilde-wæd.
ge-wæde, st. n., _clothing_, especially _battle-equipments_: acc. pl.
gewædu, 292.--Comp. eorl-gewæde.
wæg, st. m., _wave_: acc. sg. wæg, 3133.
wæg-bora, w. m., _wave-bearer, swimmer_ (bearing or propelling the waves
before him): nom. sg. wundorlîc wæg-bora (of a sea-monster), 1441.
wæg-flota, w. m., _sea-sailer, ship_: acc. sg. wêg-flotan, 1908.
wæg-holm, st. m., _the wave-filled sea_: acc. sg. ofer wæg-holm, 217.
wæge, st. n., _cup, can_: acc. sg. fäted wæge, 2254, 2283.--Comp.: ealo-,
lîð-wæge.
wæg-lîðend, pres. part., _sea-farer_: dat. pl. wæg-lîðendum (et lîðendum,
MS.), 3160.
wæg-sweord, st. n., _heavy sword_: acc. sg., 1490.
wæn, st. m., _wain, wagon_: acc. sg. on wæn, 3135.
wæpen, st. n., _weapon; sword_: nom. sg., 1661; acc. sg. wæpen, 686, 1574,
2520, 2688; instr. wæpne, 1665, 2966; gen. wæpnes, 1468; acc. pl. wæpen,
292; dat. pl. wæpnum, 250, 331, 2039, 2396. --Comp.: hilde-, sige-wæpen.
wæpned-man, st. m., _warrior, man_: dat. sg. wæpned-men, 1285.
wær, st. f., _covenant, treaty_: acc. sg. wære, 1101;--_protection, care_:
dat. sg. on freán (on þäs waldendes) wære (_into God's protection_), 27,
3110.--Comp.: frioðo-wær.
wæsma, w. m., _fierce strength, war-strength_: in comp. here-wæsma, 678.
we, pers. pron., _we_, 942, 959, 1327, 1653, 1819, 1820, etc.
web, st. n., _woven work, tapestry_:, nom. pl. web, 996.
webbe, w. f., _webster, female weaver_: in comp. freoðu-webbe.
weccan, weccean, w. v. w. acc., _to wake, rouse; recall_: inf. wîg-bealu
weccan (_to stir up strife_), 2047; nalles hearpan swêg (sceal) wîgend
weccean (_the sound of the harp shall not wake up the warriors_), 3025;
ongunnon þâ ... bæl-fýra mæst wîgend weccan (_the warriors then began to
start the mightiest of funeral pyres_), 3145; pret. sg. wehte hine wätre
(_roused him with water_, i.e. Wîglâf recalled Beówulf to consciousness),
2855.
tô-weccan, _to stir up, rouse_: pret, pl. hû þâ folc mid him (_with one
another_), fæhðe tô-wehton, 2949.
wed, st. n., (cf. wed-ding), _pledge_: dat. sg. hyldo tô wedde (_as a
pledge of his favor_), 2999.
weder, st. n., _weather_: acc. pl. wuldor-torhtan weder, 1137; gen. pl.
wedera cealdost, 546.
ge-wef, st. n., _woof, weaving_: acc. pl. wîg-spêda ge-wiofu (_the woof of
war-speed_: the battle-woof woven for weal or woe by the Walkyries; cf.
Njals-saga, 158), 698.
weg, st. m., _way_: acc. sg. on weg (_away, off_), 264, 764, 845, 1431,
2097; gyf þu on weg cymest (_if thou comest off safe_, i.e. from the battle
with Grendel's mother), 1383.--Comp.: feor-, fold-, forð-, wîd-weg.
wegan, st. v. w. acc., _to bear, wear, bring, possess_: subj. pres. nâh hwâ
sweord wege (_I have none that may bear the sword_), 2253; inf. nalles
(sceal) eorl wegan mâððum tô ge-myndum (_no earl shall wear a memorial
jewel_), 3016; pret. ind. he þâ frätwe wäg ... ofer ýða ful (_bore the
jewels over the goblet of the waves_), 1208; wäl-seaxe ... þät he on byrnan
wäg, 2705; heortan sorge wäg (_bore heart's sorrow_); so, 152, 1778, 1932,
2781.
ät-wegan = _auferre, to carry off_: syððan Hâma ät-wäg tô þære byrhtan
byrig Brosinga mene (_since H. bore from the bright city the
Brosing-collar_), 1199.
ge-wegan (O.N. wega), _to fight_: inf. þe he wið þam wyrme ge-wegan
sceolde, 2401.
wel, adv.: 1) _well_: wel bið þäm þe ... (_well for him that ...!_), 186;
se þe wel þenceð (_he that well thinketh, judgeth_), 289; so, 640, 1046,
1822, 1834, 1952, 2602; well, 2163, 2813.--2) _very, very much_: Geát
ungemetes wel ... restan lyste (_the Geat longed sorely to rest_),
1793.--3) _indeed, to be sure_, 2571, 2856.
wela, w. m., _wealth, goods, possessions_: in comp. ær-, burg-, hord-,
mâððum-wela.
wel-hwylc, indef. pron., = quivis, _any you please, any_ (each, all): gen.
pl. wel-hwylcra wilna, 1345; w. partitive gen.: nom. sg. witena wel-hwylc,
266;--substantively: acc. neut. wel-hwylc, 875.
welig, adj., _wealthy, rich_: acc. sg. wîc-stede weligne Wægmundinga, 2608.
wel-þungen, pres. part., _well-thriven_ (in mind), _mature, high-minded_:
nom. sg. Hygd (wäs) swîðe geong, wîs, wel-þungen, 1928.
wenian, w. v., _to accustom, attract, honor_: subj. pret. þät ...
Folcwaldan sunu ... Hengestes heáp hringum wenede (_sh. honor_), 1092.
be-(bi-)wenian, _entertain, care for, attend_: pret. sg. mäg þäs þonne
of-þyncan þeóden Heaðo-beardna ... þonne he mid fæmnan on flet gæð,
dryht-bearn Dena duguða bi-wenede (_may well displease the prince of the
H.... when he with the woman goes into the hall, that a noble scion of the
Danes should entertain, bear wine to, the knights_, cf. 494 seqq.; or, _a
noble scion of the Danes should attend on her?_), 2036; pret. part. nom.
pl. wæron her tela willum be-wenede, 1822.
wendan, w. v., _to turn_: pres. sg. III. him eal worold wendeð on willan
(_all the world turns at his will_), 1740.
ge-wendan, w. acc.: l) _to turn, turn round_: pret. sg. wicg gewende
(_turned his horse_), 315.--2) _to turn_ (intrans.), _change_: inf. wâ bið
þäm þe sceal ... frôfre ne wênan, wihte ge-wendan (_woe to him that shall
have no hope, shall not change at all_), 186.
on-wendan, _to avert, set aside_: 1) w. acc.: inf. ne mihte snotor häleð
weán on-wendan, 191.--2) intrans.: sibb æfre ne mäg wiht on-wendan þam þe
wel þenceð (_in, to, him that is well thinking friendship can not be set
aside_), 2602.
wer, st. m., _man, hero_: nom. sg. (Grendel), 105; acc. sg. wer (Beówulf),
1269, 3174; gen. sg. on weres wästmum (_in man's form_), 1353; nom. pl.
weras, 216, 1223, 1234, 1441, 1651; dat. pl. werum, 1257; gen. pl. wera,
120, 994, 1732, 3001; (MS. weora), 2948.
wered, st. n., (as adj. = _sweet_), _a sort of beer_ (probably without hops
or such ingredients): acc. sg. scîr wered, 496.
were-feohte, f., _defensive fight, fight in self-defence_: dat. pl. for
were-fyhtum (fere fyhtum, MS.), 457.
werhðo, st. f., _curse, outlawry, condemnation_: acc. sg. þu in helle
scealt werhðo dreógan, 590.
werian, _to defend, protect_: w. vb., pres. sg. III. beaduscrûda ... þät
mîne breóst wereð, 453; inf. wit unc wið hron-fixas werian þôhton, 541;
pres. part. w. gen. pl. wergendra tô lyt (_too few defenders_), 2883; pret.
ind. wäl-reáf werede (_guarded the battle-spoil_), 1206; se hwîta helm
hafelan werede (_the shining helm protected his head_), 1449; pl. hafelan
weredon, 1328; pret. part. nom. pl. ge ... byrnum werede (_ye_ ...
_corselet-clad_), 238, 2530.
be-werian, _to protect, defend_: pret. pl. þät hie ... leóda land-geweorc
lâðum be-weredon scuccum and scinnum (_that they the people's land-work
from foes, from monsters and demons, might defend_), 939
werig, adj., _accursed, outlawed_: gen. sg. wergan gâstes (Grendel), 133;
(of the devil), 1748.
werod, weorod, st. n., _band of men, warrior-troop_: nom. sg. werod, 652;
weorod, 290, 2015, 3031; acc. sg. werod, 319; dat. instr. sg. weorode,
1012, 2347; werede, 1216; gen. sg. werodes, 259; gen. pl. wereda, 2187;
weoroda, 60.--Comp.: eorl-, flet-werod.
wer-þeód, st. f., _people, humanity_: dat. sg. ofer wer-þeóde, 900.
wesan, v., _to be_: pres. sg. I. ic eom, 335, 407; II. þu eart, 352, 506;
III. is, 256, 272, 316, 343, 375, 473, etc.; nu is þînes mägenes blæd âne
hwîle (_the prime [fame?] of thy powers lasteth now for a while_), 1762;
ys, 2911, 3000, 3085; pl. I. we synt, 260, 342; II. syndon, 237, 393; III.
syndon, 257, 361, 1231; synt, 364; sint, 388; subj. pres. sîe, 435, 683,
etc.; sý, 1832, etc.; sig, 1779, etc.; imper. sg. II. wes, 269 (cf.
wassail, wes hæl), 407, 1171, 1220, 1225, etc.; inf. wesan, 272, 1329,
1860, 2709, etc. The inf. wesan must sometimes be supplied: nealles Hetware
hrêmge þorfton (i.e. wesan) fêðe-wîges, 2364; so, 2498, 2660, 618, 1858;
pres. part. wesende, 46; dat. sg. wesendum, 1188; pret. sg. I., III. wäs,
11, 12, 18, 36, 49, 53, etc.; wäs on sunde (_was a-swimming_), 1619; so,
848, 850(?), 970, 981, 1293; progressive, wäs secgende (for sæde), 3029;
II. wære, 1479, etc.; pl. wæron, 233, 536, 544, etc.; wæran (w. reflex,
him), 2476; pret. subj. wære, 173, 203, 594, 946, etc.; progressive,
myndgiend wære (for myndgie), 1106.--Contracted neg. forms: , nis = ne +
is, 249, 1373, etc.; näs = ne + wäs, 134, 1300, 1922, 2193, etc. (cf.
uncontracted: ne wäs, 890, 1472); næron = ne + wæron, 2658; nære = ne +
wære, 861, 1168. See cniht-wesende.
wêg. See wæg.
wên, st. f., _expectation, hope_: nom. sg., 735, 1874, 2324; nu is leódum
wên orleg-hwîle (gen.) (_now the people have weening of a time of strife_),
2911; acc. sg. þäs ic wên häbbe (_as I hope, expect_), 383; so, þäs þe ic
[wên] hafo, 3001; wên ic talige, 1846; dat. pl. bega on wênum _(in
expectation of both_, i.e. the death and the return of Beówulf), 2896. See
or-wêna.
wênan, w. v., _to ween, expect, hope_: 1) absolutely; pres. sg. I. þäs ic
wêne (_as I hope_), 272; swâ ic þe wêne tô _(as I hope thou wilt_: Beówulf
hopes Hrôðgâr will now suffer no more pain), 1397.--2) w. gen. or acc.
pres. sg. I. þonne wêne ic tô þe wyrsan ge-þinges, 525; ic þær heaðu-fýres
hâtes wêne, 2523; III. secce ne wêneð to Gâr Denum (_weeneth not of contest
with the Gar-Danes_), 601; inf. (beorhtre bôte) wênan (_to expect, count
on, a brilliant_ [? _a lighter penalty_] _atonement_), 157; pret. pl. þäs
ne wêndon ær witan Scyldinga þät ... _the wise men of the Scyldings weened
not of this before, that_...), 779; þät hig þäs äðelinges eft ne wêndon þät
he ... sêcean côme _(that they looked not for the atheling again that he_
... _would come to seek_ ...), 1598.--3) w. acc. inf.: pret. sg. wênde,
934.--4) w. depend, clause: pres. sg. I. wêne ic þät..., 1185; wên' ic
þät..., 338, 442; pret. sg. wênde, 2330; pl. wêndon, 938, 1605.
wêpan, st. v., _to weep_: pret. sg. [weóp], 3152 (?).
werig, adj., _weary, exhausted_, w. gen.: nom. sg. siðes wêrig (_weary from
the journey, way-weary_), 579; dat. sg. siðes wêrgum, 1795;--w. instr.:
acc. pl. wundum wêrge _(wound-weary_), 2938.--Comp.: deáð-, fyl-,
gûð-wêrig.
ge-werigean, w. v., _to weary, exhaust_: pret. part. ge-wêrgad, 2853.
wêrig-môd, adj., _weary-minded (animo defessus)_: nom. sg., 845, 1544.
wêste, adj., _waste, uninhabited_: acc. sg. win-sele wêstne, 2457.
wêsten, st. n., _waste, wilderness_: acc. sg. wêsten, 1266.
wêsten, st. f., _waste, wilderness_: dat. sg. on þære wêstenne, 2299.
weal, st. m.: 1 _wall, rampart_: dat. instr. sg. wealle, 786, 892, 3163;
gen. sg. wealles, 2308.--2) _elevated sea-shore_: dat. sg. of wealle, 229;
acc. pl. windige weallas, 572, 1225.--3) _wall of a building_: acc, sg. wið
þäs recedes weal, 326; dat. sg. be wealle, 1574; hence, the inner and outer
rock-walls of the dragon's lair (cf. Heyne's essay: Halle Heorot, p. 59):
dat. sg., 2308, 2527, 2717, 2760, 3061, 3104; gen. sg. wealles,
2324.--Comp.: bord-, eorð-, sæ-, scyld-weal.
ge-wealc, st. n., _rolling_: acc. sg. ofer ýða ge-wealc, 464.
ge-weald, st. n., _power, might_: acc. sg. on feónda ge-weald _(into the
power of his foes_), 809, 904; so, 1685; geweald âgan, häbban, â-beódan (w.
gen. of object = _to present) = to have power over_, 79, 655, 765, 951,
1088, 1611, 1728. See on-weald.
wealdan, st. v., _to wield, govern, rule over, prevail_: 1) absolutely or
with depend, clause: inf. gif he wealdan môt (_if he may prevail_), 442;
þær he ... wealdan môste swâ him Wyrd ne ge-scrâf (_if [where?] he was to
prevail, as Weird had not destined for him_), 2575; pres. part. waldend
(_God_), 1694; dat. wealdende, 2330; gen. waldendes, 2293, 2858, 3110.--2)
with instr. or dat.: inf. þâm wæpnum wealdan (_to wield, prevail with, the
weapons_), 2039; Geátum wealdan (_to rule the Geátas_), 2391; þeáh-hordum
wealdan (_to rule over, control, the treasure of rings_), 2828; wäl-stôwe
wealdan (_to hold the field of battle_), 2985; pret. sg. weóld, 465, 1058,
2380, 2596; þenden wordum weóld wine Scyldinga (_while the friend of the S.
ruled the G._), 30; pl. weóldon, 2052.--3) with gen.: pres. sg. I. þenden
ic wealde wîdan rîces, 1860; pres. part. wuldres wealdend(waldend), 17,
183, 1753; weard, 2514; the _'dragon_ is called ylda waldend, 1662; waldend
fira, 2742; sigora waldend, 2876 (designations of God); pret. sg. weóld,
703, 1771.
ge-wealdan, _to wield, have power over, arrange_: 1) w. acc.: pret. sg.
hâlig god ge-weóld wîg-sigor, 1555.--2) w. dat.: pret. cyning ge-weóld his
ge-witte (_the king possessed his senses_), 2704.--3) w. gen.: inf. he ne
mihte nô ... wæpna ge-wealdan, 1510.
ge-wealden, pret. part., _subject, subjected_: acc. pl. gedêð him swâ
gewealdene worolde dælas, 1733.
weallan, st. v.: 1) _to toss, be agitated_ (of the sea): pres. part. nom.
pl. wadu weallende (weallendu), 546, 581; nom. sg. brim weallende, 848;
pret. ind. weól, 515, 850, 1132; weóll, 2139.--2) figuratively (of
emotions), _to be agitated_: pres. pl. III. syððan Ingelde weallað
wäl-nîðas (_deadly hate thus agitates Ingeld_), 2066; pres. part.
weallende, 2465; pret. sg. hreðer inne weóll (_his heart was moved within
him_), 2114; hreðer æðme weóll (_his breast_ [the dragon's] _swelled from
breathing, snorting_), 2594; breóst innan weóll þeóstrum ge-þoncum, 2332;
so, weóll, 2600, 2715, 2883.
weall-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff_: acc. sg. ofer weall-clif, 3133.
weallian, w. v., _to wander, rove about_: pres. part. in comp.
heoro-weallende, 2782.
weard, st. m., _warden, guardian; owner_: nom. sg. weard Scyldinga (_the
Scyldings' warden of the march_), 229; weard, 286, 2240; se weard, sâwele
hyrde, 1742; the _king_ is called beáh-horda weard, 922; rîces weard, 1391;
folces weard, 2514; the _dragon_ is called weard, 3061; weard un-hióre,
2414; beorges weard, 2581; acc. sg, weard, 669; (dragon), 2842; beorges
weard (dragon), 2525, 3067.--Comp.: bât-, êðel-, gold-, heáfod-, hord-,
hýð-, land-, rên-, sele-, yrfe-weard.
weard, st. m., _possession_ (Dietrich in Haupt XI., 415): in comp.
eorð-weard, 2335.
weard, st. f., _watch, ward_: acc. sg. wearde healdan, 319; wearde heóld,
305.--Comp. æg-weard.
weard, adj., _-ward_: in comp. and-, innan-, ût-weard, 1288, etc.
weardian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to watch, guard, keep_: inf. he his folme
forlêt tô lîf-wraðe, lâst weardian (_Grendel left his hand behind as a
life-saver, to guard his track_ [Kemble]), 972; pret. sg. him sió swîðre
swaðe weardade hand on Hiorte (_his right hand kept guard for him in H._,
i.e. showed that he had been there), 2099; sg. for pl. hýrde ic þät þâm
frätwum feówer mearas lungre gelîce last weardode (_I heard that four
horses, quite alike, followed in the traces of the armor_), 2165.--2) _to
hold, possess, inhabit_: pret. sg. fîfel-cynnes eard ... weardode (_dwelt
in the abode of the sea-fiends_), 105; reced weardode un-rîm eorla (_an
immense number of earls held the hall_), 1238; pl. þær we gesunde säl
weardodon, 2076.
wearh, st. m., _the accursed one; wolf_: in comp. heoro-wearg, 1268.
wearn, st. f.: 1) _resistance, refusal_, 366.--2) _warning?, resistance?_
See un-wearnum, 742.
weaxan, st. v., _to wax, grow_: pres. sg. III. ôð þät him on innan
ofer-hygda dæl weaxeð (_till within him pride waxeth_), 1742; inf. weaxan,
3116; pret. sg. weôx, 8.
ge-weaxan, _to grow up_: pret. sg. oft þät seó geogoð ge-weôx, 66.
ge-weaxan to, _to grow to_ or _for something_: pret. sg. ne ge-weôx he him
to willan (_grew not for their benefit_), 1712.
weá, w. m., _woe, evil, misfortune_: nom. sg., 937; acc. sg. wean, 191,
423, 1207, 1992, 2293, 2938; gen. pl. weána, 148, 934, 1151, 1397.
weá-lâf, st. f., _wretched remnant_: acc. pl. þâ weá-lâfe (_the wretched
remnant_, i.e. Finn's almost annihilated band), 1085, 1099.
weá-spel, st. n., _woe-spell, evil tidings_: dat. sg. weá-spelle, 1316.
ge-weoldum. See ge-wild.
weorc, st. n.: 1) _work, labor, deed_: acc. sg., 74; (_war-deed_), 1657;
instr. sg. weorce, 1570; dat. pl. weorcum, 2097; wordum ne (and) worcum,
1101, 1834; gen. pl. worda and worca, 289.--2) _work, trouble, suffering_:
acc. sg. þäs gewinnes weorc (_misery on account of this strife_), 1722;
dat. pl. adv. weorcum (_with labor_), 1639.--Comp.: bædo-, ellen-, heaðo-,
niht-weorc.
ge-weorc, st. n.: 1) _work, deed, labor_: nom. acc. sg., 455, 1563, 1682,
2718, 2775; gen. sg. ge-weorces, 2712. Comp.: ær-, fyrn-, gûð-, hond-,
nîð-ge-weorc.--2) _fortification, rampart_: in comp. land-geweorc, 939.
weorce, adj., _painful, bitter_: nom. sg., 1419.
weorð, st. n., _precious object, valuable_: dat. sg. weorðe, 2497.
weorð, adj., _dear, precious_: nom. sg. weorð Denum äðeling (_the atheling
dear to the Danes_, Beówulf), 1815; compar. nom. sg. þät he syððan wäs ...
mâðme þý weorðra (_more honored from the jewel_), 1903; cf. wyrðe.
weorðan, st. v.: 1) _to become_: pres. sg. III. beholen weorðeð (_is
concealed_), 414; underne weorðeð (_becomes known_), 2914; so, pl. III.
weorðað, 2067; wurðað, 282; inf. weorðan, 3179; wurðan, 808; pret. sg. I.,
III. wearð, 6, 77, 149, 409, 555, 754, 768, 819, 824, etc.; pl. wurdon,
228; subj. pret. wurde, 2732.--2) inf. to frôfre weorðan (_to become a
help_), 1708; pret. sg. wearð he Heaðolâfe tô hand-bonan, 460; so, wearð,
906, 1262; ne wearð Heremôd swâ (i.e. to frôfre) eaforum Ecgwelan, 1710;
pl. wurdon, 2204; subj. pret. sg. II. wurde, 588.--3) pret. sg. þät he on
fylle wearð (_that he came to a fall_), 1545.--4) _to happen, befall_: inf.
unc sceal weorðan ... swâ unc Wyrd ge-teóð (_it shall befall us two as Fate
decrees_), 2527; þurh hwät his worulde gedâl weorðan sceolde, 3069; pret.
sg. þâ þær sôna wearð ed-hwyrft eorlum (_there was soon a renewal to the
earls_, i.e. of the former perils), 1281.
ge-weorðan: 1) _to become_: pret. sg. ge-wearð, 3062; pret. part. cearu wäs
geniwod ge-worden (_care was renewed_), 1305; swâ us ge-worden is,
3079.--2) _to finish; complete?_: inf. þät þu ... lête Sûð-Dene sylfe
ge-weorðan gûðe wið Grendel (_that thou wouldst let the S. D. put an end to
their war with Grendel_), 1997.--3) impersonally with acc., _to agree,
decide_: pret. sg. þâ þäs monige ge-wearð þät ... (_since many agreed that_
...), 1599; pret. part. hafað þäs ge-worden wine Scyldinga, rîces hyrde,
and þät ræd talað þät he ... (_therefore hath it so appeared(?) advisable
to the friend of the S., the guardian of the realm, and he counts it a gain
that_ ...), 2027.
weorð-ful, adj., _glorious, full of worth_: nom. sg. weorð-fullost, 3100.
weorðian, w. v., _to honor, adorn_: pret. sg. þær ic ... þîne leóde
weorðode weorcum (_there honored I thy people by my deeds_), 2097; subj.
pret. (þät he) ät feoh-gyftum ... Dene weorðode (_that he would honor the
Danes at, by, treasure-giving_), 1091.
ge-weorðian, ge-wurðian, _to deck, ornament_: pret. part. hire syððan wäs
äfter beáh-þege breóst ge-weorðod, 2177; wæpnum ge-weorðad, 250; since
ge-weorðad, 1451; so, ge-wurðad, 331, 1039, 1646; wide ge-weorðad (_known,
honored, afar_), 1960.
weorð-lîce, adv., _worthily, nobly_: superl. weorð-lîcost, 3163.
weorð-mynd, st. f. n., _dignity, honor, glory_: nom. sg., 65; acc. sg.
geseah þâ eald sweord ..., wîgena weorðmynd (_saw an ancient sword there,
the glory of warriors_), 1560; dat. instr. pl. weorð-myndum, 8; tô
worð-myndum, 1187; gen. pl. weorð-mynda dæl, 1753.
weorðung, st. f., _ornament_: in comp. breóst-, hâm-, heorft-, hring-,
wîg-weorðung.
weorod. See werod.
weorpan, st. v.: 1) _to throw, cast away_, w. acc.: pret. sg. wearp þâ
wunden-mæl wrättum gebunden yrre oretta, þät hit on eorðan läg (_the
wrathful warrior threw the ornamented sword, that it lay on the earth_),
1532.--2) _to throw around_ or _about_, w. instr.: pret. sg. beorges weard
. .. wearp wäl-fýre (_threw death-fire around_), 2583.--3) _to throw upon_:
inf. he hine eft ongan wäteres (instr. gen.) weorpan (_began to cast water
upon him again_), 2792.
for-weorpan, w. acc., _to cast away, squander_: subj. pret. þät he genunga
gûð-gewædu wrâðe for-wurpe (_that he squandered uselessly the
battle-weeds_, i.e. gave them to the unworthy), 2873.
ofer-weorpan, _to stumble_: pret. sg. ofer-wearp þâ ... wîgena strongest,
1544.
weotian, w. v., _to provide with, adjust_(?): pret. part. acc. pl.
wäl-bende weotode, 1937.
be-weotian, be-witian, w. v. w. acc., _to regard, observe, care for_: pres.
pl. III. be-witiað, 1136; pret. sg. þegn ... se þe ... ealle be-weotede
þegnes þearfe (_who would attend to all the needs of a thane_), 1797; draca
se þe ... hord be-weotode (_the drake that guarded a treasure_), 2213;--_to
carry out, undertake_: pres. pl. III. þâ ... oft be-witigað sorh-fulne sîð
on segl-râde, 1429.
wicg, st. n., _steed, riding-horse_: nom. sg., 1401; acc. sg. wicg, 315;
dat. instr. sg. wicge, 234; on wicge, 286; acc. pl. wicg, 2175; gen. pl.
wicga, 1046.
ge-widor, st. n., _storm, tempest_: acc. pl. lâð ge-widru (_loathly
weather_), 1376.
wið prep. w. dat. and acc., with fundamental meanings of division and
opposition: 1) w. dat., _against, with_ (in hostile sense), _from_: þâ wið
gode wunnon, 113; âna (wan) wið eallum, 145; ymb feorh sacan, lâð wið
lâðum, 440; so, 426, 439, 550, 2372, 2521, 2522, 2561, 2840, 3005; þät him
holt-wudu ... helpan ne meahte, lind wið lîge, 2342; hwät ... sêlest wære
wið fær-gryrum tô ge-fremmanne, 174; þät him gâst-bona geóce gefremede wið
þeód-þreáum, 178; wið rihte wan (_strove against right_), 144; häfde ...
sele Hrôðgâres ge-nered wið nîðe (_had saved H.'s hall from strife_), 828;
(him dyrne langað ...) beorn wið blôde (_the hero longeth secretly contrary
to his blood_, i.e. H. feels a secret longing for the non-related Beówulf),
1881; sundur ge-dælan lîf wið lîce (_to sunder soul from body_), 2424;
streámas wundon sund wið sande (_the currents rolled the sea against the
sand_), 213; lîg-ýðum forborn bord wið ronde (rond, MS.) (_with waves of
flame burnt the shield against, as far as, the rim_), 2674; holm storme
weól, won wið winde (_the sea surged, wrestled with the wind_), 1133; so,
hiora in ânum weóll sefa wið sorgum (_in one of them surged the soul with
sorrow_ [_against_?, Heyne]), 2601; þät hire wið healse heard grâpode
(_that the sharp sword bit against her neck_), 1567.--2) w. acc.: a)
_against, towards_: wan wið Hrôðgâr (_fought against H._), 152; wið feónda
gehwone, 294; wið wrâð werod, 319; so, 540, 1998, 2535; hine hâlig god ûs
on-sende wið Grendles gryre, 384; þät ic wið þone gûð-flogan gylp
ofer-sitte (_that I refrain from boastful speech against the
battle-flier_), 2529; ne wolde wið manna ge-hwone ... feorh-bealo feorran
(_would not cease his life-plotting against any of the men_; or, _withdraw
life-bale from_, etc.? or, _peace would not have with any man..., mortal
bale withdraw_?, Kemble), 155; ic þâ leóde wât ge wið feónd ge wið freónd
fäste geworhte (_towards foe and friend_), 1865; heóld heáh-lufan wið
häleða brego (_cherished high love towards the prince of heroes_), 1955;
wið ord and wið ecge ingang forstôd (_prevented entrance to spear-point and
sword-edge_), 1550. b) _against, on, upon, in_: setton sîde scyldas ... wið
þäs recedes weal (_against the wall of the hall_), 326; wið eorðan fäðm
(eardodon) (_in the bosom of the earth_), 3050; wið earm ge-sät (_sat on,
against, his arm_), 750; so, stîð-môd ge-stôd wið steápne rond, 2567; [wið
duru healle eode] (_went to the door of the hall_), 389; wið Hrefna-wudu
(_over against, near, H._), 2926; wið his sylfes sunu setl ge-tæhte
(_showed me to a seat with, near, beside, his own son_), 2014. c) _towards,
with_ (of contracting parties): þät hie healfre ge-weald wið Eotena bearn
âgan môston (_that they power over half the hall with the Eotens' sons were
to possess_), 1089; þenden he wið wulf wäl reáfode (_whilst with the wolf
he was robbing the slain_), 3028.--3) Alternately with dat. and acc.,
_against_: nu wið Grendel sceal, wið þam aglæcan, âna gehegan þing wið
þyrse, 424-426;--_with, beside_: ge-sät þâ wið sylfne..., mæg wið mæge,
1978-79.
wiðer-gyld, st. n., _compensation_: nom. sg., 2052, [proper name?].
wiðer-rähtes, adv., _opposite, in front of_, 3040.
wiðre, st. n., _resistance_: gen. sg. wiðres ne trûwode, 2954.
wig-weorðung, st. f., _idol-worship, idolatry, sacrifice to idols_: acc.
pl. -weorðunga, 176.
wiht, st. f.: 1) _wight, creature, demon_: nom. sg. wiht unhælo (_the demon
of destruction_, Grendel), 120; acc. sg. syllîcran wiht (the dragon),
3039.--2) _thing, something, aught_: nom. sg. w. negative, ne hine wiht
dweleð (_nor does aught check him_), 1736; him wiht ne speów (_it helped
him naught_), 2855; acc. sg. ne him þäs wyrmes wîg for wiht dyde (_nor did
he count the worm's warring for aught_), 2349; ne meahte ic ... wiht
gewyrcan _(I could not do aught_ ...), 1661;--w. partitive gen.: nô ...
wiht swylcra searo-niða, 581;--the acc. sg. = adv. like Germ. _nicht_: ne
hie hûru wine-drihten wiht ne lôgon (_did not blame their friendly lord
aught_), 863; so, ne wiht = _naught, in no wise_, 1084, 2602, 2858; nô
wiht, 541; instr. sg. wihte (_in aught, in any way_), 1992; ne ... wihte
(_by no means_), 186, 2278, 2688; wihte ne, 1515, 1996, 2465, 2924.--Comp.:
â-wiht (âht = _aught_), äl-wiht, ô-wiht.
wil-cuma, w. m., _one welcome_ (qui gratus advenit): nom. pl. wil-cuman
Denigea leódum (_welcome to the people of the Danes_), 388; so, him (the
lord of the Danes) wil-cuman, 394; wil-cuman Wedera leódum (_welcome to the
Geátas_), 1895.
ge-wild, st. f., _free-will_? dat. pl. nealles mid ge-weoldum (_sponte,
voluntarily_, Bugge), 2223.
wil-deór (for wild-deór), st. n., _wild beast_: acc. pl. wil-deór, 1431.
wil-gesîð, st. m., _chosen_ or _willing companion_: nom. pl. -ge-sîðas, 23.
wil-geofa, w. m., _ready giver_ (= voti largitor: princely designation),
_joy-giver_?: nom. sg. wil-geofa Wedra leóda, 2901.
willa, w. m.: 1) _will, wish, desire, sake_: nom. sg. 627, 825; acc. sg.
willan, 636, 1740, 2308, 2410; instr. sg. ânes willan (_for the sake of
one_), 3078; so, 2590; dat. sg. tô willan, 1187, 1712; instr. pl. willum
(_according to wish_), 1822; sylfes willum, 2224, 2640; gen. pl. wilna,
1345.--2) _desirable thing, valuable_: gen. pl. wilna, 661, 951.
willan, aux. v., _will_: in pres. also _shall_ (when the future action is
depend. on one's free will): pres. sg. I. wille ic â-secgan (_I will set
forth, tell out_), 344; so, 351, 427; ic tô sæ wille (_I will to sea_),
318; wylle, 948, 2149, 2513; sg. II. þu wylt, 1853; sg. III. he wile, 346,
446, 1050, 1182, 1833; wyle, 2865; wille, 442, 1004, 1185, 1395; ær he in
wille (_ere he will in_, i.e. go or flee into the fearful sea), 1372;
wylle, 2767; pl. I. we ... wyllað, 1819; pret. sg. I., III. wolde, 68, 154,
200, 646, 665, 739, 756, 797, 881, etc.; nô ic fram him wolde (i.e.
fleótan), 543; so, swâ he hira mâ wolde (i.e. â-cwellan), 1056; pret. pl.
woldon, 482, 2637, 3173; subj. pret., 2730.--Forms contracted w. negative:
pres. sg. I. nelle (= ne + wille, _I will not_, nolo), 680, 2525(?); pret.
sg. III. nolde (= ne + wolde), 792, 804, 813, 1524; w. omitted inf. þâ
metod nolde, 707, 968; pret. subj. nolde, 2519.
wilnian, w. v., _to long for, beseech_: inf. wel bið þäm þe môt ... tô
fäder fäðmum freoðo wilnian (_well for him that may beseech protection in
the Father's arms_), 188.
wil-sîð, st. m., _chosen journey_: acc. sg. wil-sîð, 216.
ge-win, st. n.: 1) _strife, struggle, enmity, conflict_: acc. sg., 878; þâ
hie ge-win drugon (_endured strife_), 799; under ýða ge-win (_under the
tumult of the waves_), 1470; gen. sg. þäs ge-winnes weorc (_misery for this
strife_), 1722.--2) _suffering, oppression_: nom. sg., 133, 191; acc. sg.
eald ge-win, 1782.--Comp.: fyrn-, ýð-ge-win.
wîn-ärn, st. n., _hall of hospitality, hall, wine-hall_: gen. sg.
wîn-ärnes, 655.
wind, st. m., _wind, storm_: nom. sg., 547, 1375, 1908; dat. instr. sg.
winde, 217; wið winde, 1133.
windan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to wind, whirl_: pret. sg. wand tô wolcnum
wäl-fýra mæst, 1120.--2) w. acc., _to twist, wind, curl_: pret. pl.
streámas wundon sund wið sande, 212; pret. part. wunden gold (_twisted,
spirally-twined, gold_), 1194, 3135; instr. pl. wundnum (wundum, MS.)
golde, 1383.
ät-windan, _to wrest one's self from, escape_: pret. sg. se þäm feónde
ät-wand, 143.
be-windan, _to wind with_ or _round, clasp, surround, envelop_ (involvere):
pret. sg. þe hit (the sword) mundum be-wand, 1462; pret. part. wîrum
be-wunden (_wound with wires_) 1032; feorh ... flæsce be-wunden
(_flesh-enclosed_), 2425; gâr ... mundum be-wunden (_a spear grasped with
the hands_), 3023; iû-manna gold galdre be-wunden (_spell-encircled gold_),
3053; (âstâh ...) lêg wôpe be-wunden (_uprose the flame mingled with a
lament_), 3147.
ge-windan, _to writhe, get loose, escape_: inf. wîdre ge-windan (_to flee
further_), 764; pret. sg. on fleám ge-wand, 1002.
on-windan, _to unwind, loosen_: pres. sg. (þonne fäder) on-windeð
wäl-râpas, 1611.
win-däg, st. m., _day of struggle_ or _suffering_: dat. pl. on þyssum
win-dagum (_in these days of sorrow_, i.e. of earthly existence), 1063.
wind-bland (blond), st. n., _wind-roar_: nom. sg., 3147.
wind-gereste, f., _resting-place of the winds_: acc. sg., 2457.
windig, adj., _windy_: acc. pl. windige (weallas, nässas), 572, 1359;
windige weallas (wind geard weallas, MS.), 1225.
wine, st. m., _friend, protector_, especially the _beloved ruler_: nom. sg.
wine Scyldinga, leóf land-fruma (Scyld), 30; wine Scyldinga (Hrôðgâr), 148,
1184. As vocative: mîn wine, 2048; wine mîn, Beówulf (Hunferð), 457, 530,
1705; acc. sg. holdne wine (Hrôðgâr), 376; wine Deniga, Scyldinga, 350,
2027; dat. sg. wine Scyldinga, 170; gen. sg. wines (Beówulf), 3097; acc.
pl. wine, 21; dat. pl. Denum eallum, winum Scyldinga, 1419; gen. pl.
winigea leásum, 1665; winia bealdor, 2568.--Comp.: freá-, freó-, gold-,
gûð-, mæg-wine.
wine-dryhten, st. m., (dominus amicus), _friendly lord, lord and friend_:
acc. sg. wine-drihten, 863, 1605; wine-dryhten, 2723, 3177; dat. sg.
wine-drihtne, 360.
wine-geômor, adj., _friend-mourning_: nom. sg., 2240.
wine-leás, adj., _friendless_: dat. sg. wine-leásum, 2614.
wine-mæg, st. m., _dear kinsman_: nom. pl. wine-mâgas, 65.
ge-winna, w. m., _striver, struggler, foe_: comp. eald-, ealdor-gewinna.
winnan, st. v., _to struggle, fight_: pret. sg. III. wan âna wið eallum,
144; Grendel wan ... wið Hrôðgâr, 151; holm ... won wið winde (_the sea
fought with the wind_: cf. wan wind endi water, Heliand, 2244), 1133; II.
eart þu se Beówulf, se þe wið Brecan wunne, 506; pl. wið gode wunnon, 113;
þær þâ graman wunnon (_where the foes fought_), 778.
wîn-reced, st. n., _wine-hall, guest-hall, house for entertaining guests_:
acc. sg., 715, 994.
wîn-sele, st. m., the same, _wine-hall_: nom. sg., 772; dat. sg. wîn-sele,
696 (cf. Heliand Glossary, 369 [364]).
winter, st. m. n.: 1) _winter_: nom. sg., 1133, 1137; acc. sg. winter,
1129; gen. sg. wintres, 516.--2) _year_ (counted by winters): acc. pl.
fîftig wintru (neut.), 2210; instr. pl. wintrum, 1725, 2115, 2278; gen. pl.
wintra, 147, 264, 1928, 2279, 2734, 3051.
wintre, adj., _so many winters_ (old): in comp. syfan-wintre.
ge-wislîce, adv., _certainly, undoubtedly_: superl. gewislîcost, 1351.
wist, st. f., fundamental meaning = _existentia_, hence: 1) _good
condition, happiness, abundance_: dat. sg. wunað he on wiste, 1736.--2)
_food, subsistence, booty_: dat. sg. þâ wäs äfter wiste wôp up â-hafen (_a
cry was then uplifted after the meal_, i.e. Grendel's meal of thirty men),
128.
wist-fyllo, st. f., _fulness_ or _fill of food, rich meal_: gen. sg.
wist-fylle, 735.
wit, st. n., (wit), _understanding_: nom. sg., 590.--Comp.: fyr-, in-wit.
ge-wit, st. n.: 1) _consciousness_. dat. sg. ge-weóld his ge-witte,
2704.--2) _heart, breast_: dat. sg. fýr unswîðor weóll (_the fire surged
less strongly from the dragon's breast_), 2883.
wit, pers. pron. dual of we, _we two_, 535, 537, 539, 540, 544, 1187, etc.
See unc, uncer.
wita, weota, w. m., _counsellor, royal adviser_; pl., _the king's council
of nobles_: nom. pl. witan, 779: gen. pl. witena, 157, 266, 937 weotena,
1099.--Comp.: fyrn-, rûn-wita.
witan, pret.-pres. v., _to wot, know_. 1) w. depend, clause: pres. sg. I.,
III. wât, 1332, 2657; ic on Higelâce wât þät he ... (_I know as to H., that
he_ ...), 1831; so, god wât on mec þät ...(_God knows of me, that_ ...),
2651; sg. II. þu wâst, 272; weak pret. sg. I., III. wiste, 822; wisse,
2340, 2726; pl. wiston, 799, 1605; subj. pres. I. gif ic wiste, 2520.--2)
w. acc. and inf.: pres. sg. I. ic wât, 1864.--3) w. object, predicative
part, or adj.: pret. sg. III. tô þäs he win-reced ... gearwost wisse,
fättum fâhne, 716; so, 1310; wiste þäm ahlæcan hilde ge-binged, 647.--4) w.
acc., _to know_: inf. witan, 252, 288; pret. sg. wisse, 169; wiste his
fingra ge-weald on grames grâpum, 765; pl. II. wisson, 246; wiston, 181.
nât = ne + wât, _I know not_: 1) elliptically with hwylc, indef. pronoun =
_some or other_: sceaða ic nât hwylc.--2) w. gen. and depend. clause: nât
he þâra gôda, þät he me on-geán sleá, 682.
ge-witan, _to know, perceive_: inf. þäs þe hie gewis-lîcost ge-witan
meahton, 1351.
be-witian. See be-weotian.
witig, adj., _wise, sagacious_: nom. sg. witig god, 686, 1057; witig
drihten (God), 1555; wittig drihten, 1842.
ge-wittig, adj., _conscious_: nom. sg. 3095.
ge-witnian, w. v., _to chastise, punish_: wommum gewitnad (_punished with
plagues_), 3074.
wîc, st. n., _dwelling, house_: acc. sg. wîc, 822, 2590;--often in pl.
because houses of nobles were complex: dat. wîcum, 1305, 1613, 3084; gen.
wîca, 125, 1126.
ge-wîcan, st. v., _to soften, give way, yield_ (here chiefly of swords):
pret. sg. ge-wâc, 2578, 2630.
wîc-stede, st. m., _dwelling-place_: nom. sg. 2463; acc. sg. wîc-stede,
2608.
wîd, adj., _wide, extended_: 1) space: acc. sg. neut. ofer wîd wäter, 2474;
gen. sg. wîdan rîces, 1860; acc. pl. wîde sîðas, waroðas, 878, 1966.--2)
temporal: acc. sg. wîdan feorh (acc. of time), 2015; dat. sg. tô wîdan
feore, 934.
wîde, adv., _widely, afar_, 18, 74, 79, 266, 1404, 1589, 1960, etc.; wîde
cûð (_widely, universally, known_), 2136, 2924; so, underne wîde, 2914;
wîde geond eorðan (_over the whole earth, widely_), 3100;--modifier of
superl.: wreccena wîde mærost (_the most famous of wanderers, exiles_),
899.--Compar. wîdre, 764.
wîd-cûð, adj., _widely known, very celebrated_: nom. sg. neut., 1257; acc.
sg. m. wîd-cûðne man (Beówulf), 1490; wîd-cûðne weán, 1992; wîd-cûðes
(Hrôðgâr), 1043.
wîde-ferhð, st. m. n., (_long life_), _great length of time_: acc. sg. as
acc. of time: wîde-ferhð (_down to distant times, always_), 703, 938; ealne
wîde-ferhð, 1223.
wîd-floga, w. m., _wide-flier_ (of the dragon): nom. sg., 2831; acc. sg.
wîd-flogan, 2347.
wîd-scofen, pret. part., _wide-spread_? _causing fear far and wide_? 937.
wîd-weg, st. m., _wide way, long journey_: acc. pl. wîd-wegas, 841, 1705.
wîf, st. n., _woman, lady, wife_: nom. sg. freó-lîc wîf (Queen Wealhþeów),
616; wîf un-hýre (Grendel's mother), 2121; acc. sg. drihtlîce wîf (Finn's
wife), 1159; instr. sg. mid þý wîfe (Hrôðgâr's daughter, Freáwaru), 2029;
dat. sg. þam wîfe (Wealhþeów), 640; gen. sg. wîfes (as opposed to _man_),
1285; gen. pl. wera and wîfa, 994.--Comp.: aglæc-, mere-wîf.
wîf-lufe, w. f., _wife-love, love for a wife, woman's love_: nom. pl.
wîf-lufan, 2066.
wîg, st. m.: 1) _war, battle_: nom. sg., 23, 1081, 2317, 2873; acc. sg.,
686, 1084, 1248; dat. sg. wîge, 1338, 2630; as instr., 1085; (wigge, MS.),
1657, 1771; gen. sg. wîges, 65, 887, 1269.--2) _valor, warlike prowess_:
nom. sg. wäs his môd-sefa manegum ge-cýðed, wîg and wîsdôm, 350; wîg, 1043;
wîg ... eafoð and ellen, 2349; gen. sg. wîges, 2324.--Comp. fêðe-wîg.
wîga, w. m., _warrior, fighter_: nom. sg., 630; dat. pl. wîgum, 2396; gen.
pl. wîgena, 1544, 1560, 3116.--Comp.: äsc-, byrn-, gâr-, gûð-, lind-,
rand-, scyld-wîga.
wîgan, st. v., _to fight_: pres. sg. III. wîgeð, 600; inf., 2510.
wîgend, pres. part., _fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 3100; nom. pl. wîgend,
1126, 1815, 3145; acc. pl. wîgend, 3025; gen. pl. wîgendra, 429, 900, 1973,
2338.--Comp. gârwîgend.
wîg-bealu, st. n., _war-bale, evil contest_: acc. sg., 2047.
wîg-bil, st. n., _war-bill, battle-sword_: nom. sg., 1608.
wîg-bord, st. n., _war-board_ or _shield_: acc. sg., 2340.
wîg-cräft, st. m., _war-power_: acc. sg., 2954.
wîg-cräftig, adj., _vigorous in fight, strong in war_: acc. sg.
wîg-cräftigne (of the sword Hrunting), 1812.
wîg-freca, w. m., _war-wolf, war-hero_: acc. sg. wîg-frecan, 2497; nom. pl.
wîg-frecan, 1213.
wîg-fruma, w. m., _war-chief_ or _king_: nom. sg., 665; acc. sg.
wîg-fruman, 2262.
wîg-geatwe, st. f. pl., _war-ornaments, war-gear_: dat. pl. on wîg-geatwum
(-getawum, MS.), 368.
wîg-ge-weorðad, pret. part., _war-honored, distinguished in war_, 1784? See
Note.
wîg-gryre, st. m., _war-horror_ or _terror_: nom. sg., 1285.
wîg-hete, st. m., _war-hate, hostility_: nom. sg., 2121.
wîg-heafola, w. m., _war head-piece, helmet_: acc. sg. wîg-heafolan,
2662.--Leo.
wîg-heáp, st. m., _war-band_: nom sg., 447.
wîg-hryre, st. m., _war-ruin, slaughter, carnage_: acc. sg., 1620.
wîg-sigor, st. m., _war-victory_: acc. sg., 1555.
wîg-sped, st. f.?, _war-speed, success in war_: gen. pl. wîg-spêda, 698.
wîn, st. n., _wine_: acc. sg., 1163, 1234; instr. wîne, 1468.
wîr, st. n., _wire, spiral ornament of wire_: instr. pl. wîrum, 1032; gen.
pl. wîra, 2414.
wîs, adj., _wise, experienced, discreet_: nom. sg. m. wîs (_in his mind,
conscious_), 3095; f. wîs, 1928; in w. form, se wîsa, 1401, 1699, 2330;
acc. sg. þone wîsan, 1319; gen. pl. wîsra, 1414; w. gen. nom. sg. wîs
wordcwida (_wise of speech_), 1846.
wîsa, w. m., _guide, leader_: nom. sg. werodes wîsa, 259.--Comp.: brim-,
here-, hilde-wîsa.
wîscte. See wýscan.
wîs-dôm, st. m., _wisdom, experience_: nom. sg., 350; instr. sg. wîs-dôme,
1960.
wîse, w. f., _fashion, wise, custom_: acc. sg. (instr.) ealde wîsan (_after
ancient custom_), 1866.
wîs-fäst, adj., _wise, sagacious_ (sapientiâ firmus): nom. sg. f., 627.
wîs-hycgende, pres. part. _wise-thinking, wise_, 2717.
wîsian, w. v., _to guide_ or _lead to, direct, point out_: 1) w. acc.: inf.
heán wong wîsian, 2410; pret. sg. secg wîsade land-gemyrcu, 208.--2) w.
dat.: pres. sg. I. ic eów wîsige (_I shall guide you_), 292, 3104; pret.
sg. se þæm heaðo-rincum hider wîsade, 370; sôna him sele-þegn ... forð
wîsade _(the hall-thane led him thither forthwith_, i.e. to his couch),
1796; stîg wîsode gumum ät-gädere, 320; so, 1664.--3) w. prep.?: pret. sg.
þâ secg wîsode under Heorotes hrôf (_when the warrior showed them the way
under Heorot's roof_, [but under H.'s hrôf depends rather on snyredon
ätsomne]), 402.
wîtan, st. v., properly _to look at; to look at with censure, to blame,
reproach, accuse_, w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing: inf. for-þam me
wîtan ne þearf waldend fira morðor-bealo mâga, 2742.
ät-wîtan, _to blame, censure_ (cf. 'twit), w. acc. of thing: pret. pl.
ät-witon weána dæl, 1151.
ge-wîtan, properly _spectare aliquo; to go_ (most general verb of motion):
1) with inf. after verbs of motion: pret. sg. þanon eft ge-wât ... tô hâm
faran, 123; so, 2570; pl. þanon eft gewiton ... mearum rîdan, 854.
Sometimes with reflex, dat.: pres. sg. him þâ Scyld ge-wât ... fêran on
freán wære, 26; gewât him ... rîdan, 234; so, 1964; pl. ge-witon, 301.--2)
associated with general infinitives of motion and aim: imper. pl. ge-wîtað
forð beran wæpen and gewædu, 291; pret. sg. ge-wât þâ neósian heán hûses,
115; he þâ fâg ge-wât ... man-dreám fleón, 1264; nyðer eft gewât dennes
niósian, 3045; so, 1275, 2402, 2820. So, with reflex, dat.: him eft gewât
... hâmes niósan, 2388; so, 2950; pl. ge-witon, 1126.--3) without inf. and
with prep, or adv.: pres. sg. III. þær firgen-streám under nässa genipu
niðer ge-wîteð, 1361; ge-wîteð on sealman, 2461; inf. on flôdes æht feor
ge-wîtan, 42; pret. sg. ge-wât, 217; him ge-wât, 1237, 1904; of lîfe,
ealdre ge-wât (_died_), 2472, 2625; fyrst forð ge-wât (_time went on_),
210; him ge-wât ût of healle, 663; ge-wât him hâm, 1602; pret. part. dat.
sg. me forð-ge-witenum (_me defuncto, I dead_), 1480.
ôð-wîtan, _to blame, censure, reproach_: inf. ne þorfte him þâ leán
ôð-wîtan mon on middan-gearde, 2997.
wlanc, wlonc, adj., _proud, exulting_: nom. sg. wlanc, 341; w. instr. æse
wlanc (_proud of, exulting in, her prey, meal_), 1333; wlonc, 331; w. gen.
mâðm-æhta wlonc (_proud of the treasures_), 2834; gen. sg. wlonces,
2954.--Comp. gold-wlanc.
wlâtian, w. v., _to look_ or _gaze out, forth_: pret. sg. se þe ær ... feor
wlâtode, 1917.
wlenco, st. f., _pride, heroism_: dat. sg. wlenco, 338, 1207; wlence, 508.
wlite, st. m. _form, noble form, look, beauty_: nom. sg., 250.
wlite-beorht, adj., _beauteous, brilliant in aspect_: acc. sg.
wlite-beorhtne wang, 93.
wlite-seón, st. n. f., _sight, spectacle_: acc. sg., 1651.
wlitig, adj., _beautiful, glorious, fair in form_: acc. sg. wlitig
(sweord), 1663.
wlîtan, st. v., _to see, look, gaze_: pret. sg. he äfter recede wlât
(_looked along the hall_), 1573; pret. pl. on holm wliton (_looked on the
sea_), 1593; wlitan on Wîglâf, 2853.
geond-wlîtan, w. acc., _to examine, look through, scan_: inf. wräte
giond-wlîtan, 2772.
woh-bogen, pret. part., (_bent crooked), crooked, twisted_: nom. sg. wyrm
woh-bogen, 2828.
wolcen, st. n. m., _cloud_ (cf. welkin): dat. pl. under wolcnum (_under the
clouds, on earth_), 8, 652, 715, 1771; tô wolcnum, 1120, 1375.
wollen-teár, adj., _tear-flowing, with flowing tears_: nom. pl.
wollen-teáre, 3033.
wom. See wam.
won. See wan.
worc. See weorc.
word, st. n.: 1) _word, speech_: nom. sg., 2818; acc. sg. þät word, 655,
2047; word, 315, 341, 390, 871, 2552; instr. sg. worde, 2157; gen. sg.
wordes, 2792; nom. pl. þâ word, 640; word, 613; acc. pl. word (of an
alliterative song), 871; instr. pl, wordum, 176, 366, 627, 875, 1101, 1173,
1194, 1319, 1812, etc.; ge-saga him wordum (_tell them in words,
expressly_), 388. The instr. wordum accompanies biddan, þancian, be-wägnan,
secgan, hêrgan, to emphasize the verb, 176, 627, 1194, 2796, 3177; gen. pl.
worda, 289, 398, 2247, 2263(?), 3031.--2) _command, order_: gen. sg. his
wordes geweald habban (_to rule, reign_), 79; so, instr. pl. wordum weóld,
30.--Comp.: beót-, gylp-, meðel-, þryð-word.
word-cwide, st. m., (_word-utterance_), _speech_: acc. pl. word-cwydas,
1842; dat. pl. word-cwydum, 2754; gen. pl. word-cwida, 1846.
word-gid, st. m, _speech, saying_: acc. sg. word-gyd, 3174.
word-hord, st. n., _word-hoard, treasury of speech, mouth_: acc. sg.
word-hord on-leác (_unlocked his word-hoard_, opened his mouth, spoke),
259.
word-riht, st. n., _right speech, suitable word_: gen. pl. Wîglâf maðelode
word-rihta fela, 2632.
worð-mynd. See weorð-mynd.
worðig (for weorðig), st. m., _palace, estate, court_: acc. sg. on worðig
(_into the palace_), 1973.
worn, st. n., _multitude, number_: acc. sg. worn eall (_very many_), 3095;
wintra worn (_many years_), 264; þonne he wintrum frôd worn ge-munde (_when
he old in years thought of their number_), 2115. Used with fela to
strengthen the meaning: nom. acc. sg. worn fela, 1784; hwät þu worn fela
... spræce (_how very much thou hast spoken!_), 530; so, eal-fela
eald-gesegena worn, 871; gen. pl. worna fela, 2004, 2543.
woruld, worold, st. f., _humanity, world, earth_: nom. sg. eal worold,
1739; acc. sg. in worold (wacan) (_to be born, come into the world_), 60;
worold oflætan, of-gifan (_die_), 1184, 1682; gen. sg. worolde, 951, 1081,
1388, 1733; worulde, 2344; his worulde ge-dâl (_his separation from the
world, death_), 3069; worolde brûcan (_to enjoy life, live_), 1063; worlde,
2712.
worold-âr, st. f., _worldly honor_ or _dignity_: acc. sg. worold-âre, 17.
woruld-candel, st. f., _world-candle, sun_: nom. sg., 1966.
worold-cyning, st. m., _world king, mighty king_: nom. sg., 3182; gen. pl.
worold-cyninga, 1685.
woruld-ende, st. m., _world's end_: acc. sg., 3084.
worold-ræden, st. f., _usual course, fate of the world, customary fate_:
dat. sg. worold-rædenne, 1143?
wôp, st. m., (_whoop_), _cry of grief, lament_: nom. sg., 128; acc. sg.
wôp, 786; instr. sg. wôpe, 3147.
wracu, st. f., _persecution, vengeance, revenge_: nom. sg. wracu (MS,
uncertain), 2614; acc. sg. wräce, 2337.--Comp.: gyrn-, nýd-wracu.
wraðu, st. f., _protection, safety_: in comp. lîf-wraðu.
wrâð, adj., _wroth, furious, hostile_: acc. sg. neut. wrâð, 319; dat. sg.
wrâðum, 661, 709; gen. pl. wrâðra, 1620.
wrâðe, adv., _contemptibly, disgracefully_, 2873.
wrâð-lîce, adv., _wrathfully, hostilely_ (in battle), 3063.
wrâsn, st. f., _circlet of gold for the head, diadem, crown_: in comp.
freá-wrâsn.
wräc-lâst, st. m., _exile-step, exile, banishment_: acc. sg. wräc-lâstas
träd (_trod exile-steps, wandered in exile_), 1353.
wräc-mäcg, st. m., _exile, outcast_: nom. pl. wräc-mäcgas, 2380.
wräc-sîð, st. m., _exile-journey, banishment, exile, persecution_: acc.
sg., 2293; dat. sg. -sîðum, 338.
wrät, st. f., _ornament, jewel_: acc. pl. wräte (wræce, MS.), 2772, 3061;
instr. pl. wrättum, 1532; gen. pl. wrätta, 2414.
wrät-lîc, adj.: 1) _artistic, ornamental; valuable_: acc. sg. wrät-lîcne
wundur-mâððum, 2174; wrät-lîc wæg-sweord, 1490; wîg-bord wrät-lîc,
2340.--2) _wondrous, strange_: acc. sg. wrät-lîcne wyrm [from its rings or
spots?], 892; wlite-seón wrät-lîc, 1651.
wræc, st. f., _persecution_; hence, _wretchedness, misery_: nom. sg., 170;
acc. sg. wræc, 3079.
wrecan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to press, force_: pret. part. þær wäs Ongenþeó
... on bîd wrecen, 2963.--2) _to drive out, expel_: pret. sg. ferh ellen
wräc, 2707.--3) _to wreak_ or _utter_: gid, spel wrecan (_to utter words or
songs_); subj. pres. sg. III. he gyd wrece, 2447; inf. wrecan spel ge-râde,
874; word-gyd wrecan, 3174; pret. sg. gyd äfter wräc, 2155; pres. part. þær
wäs ... gid wrecen, 1066.--4) _to avenge, punish_: subj. pres. þät he his
freónd wrece, 1386; inf. wolde hire mæg wrecan, 1340; so, 1279, 1547; pres.
part. wrecend (_an avenger_), 1257; pret. sg. wräc Wedera nîð, 423; so,
1334, 1670.
â-wrecan, _to tell, recount_: pret. sg. ic þis gid be þe â-wräc (_I have
told this tale for thee_), 1725; so, 2109.
for-wrecan, w. acc., _to drive away, expel; carry away_: inf. þý läs him
ýða þrym wudu wyn-suman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the waves
might carry away the winsome ship_), 1920; pret. sg. he hine feor for-wräc
... man-cynne fram, 109.
ge-wrecan, w. acc., _to avenge, wreak vengeance upon, punish_: pret. sg.
ge-wräc, 107, 2006; he ge-wräc (i.e. hit, _this_) cealdum cear-sîðum, 2396;
he hine sylfne ge-wräc (_avenged himself_), 2876; pl. ge-wræcan, 2480;
pret. part. ge-wrecen, 3063.
wrecca, w. m., (_wretch_), _exile, adventurer, wandering soldier, hero_:
nom. sg. wrecca (Hengest), 1138; gen. pl. wreccena wîde mærost (Sigemund),
899.
wreoðen-hilt, adj., _wreathen-hilted, with twisted hilt_: nom. sg., 1699.
wridian, w. v., _to flourish, spring up_: pret. sg. III. wridað, 1742.
wriða, w. m., _band_: in comp. beág-wriða (_bracelet_), 2019.
wrixl, st. n., _exchange, change_: instr. sg. wyrsan wrixle (_in a worse
way, with a worse exchange_), 2970.
ge-wrixle, st. n., _exchange, arrangement, bargain_: nom. sg. ne wäs þät
ge-wrixle til (_it was not a good arrangement, trade_), 1305.
wrixlan, w. v., _to exchange_: inf. wordum wrixlan (_to exchange words,
converse_), 366; 875 (_tell_).
wrîðan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to bind, fasten, wreathe together_: inf. ic
hine (him, MS.) ... on wäl-bedde wrîðan þôhte, 965.--2) _to bind up_ (a
wounded person, a wound): pret. pl. þâ wæron monige þe his mæg wriðon,
2983. See hand-gewriðen.
wrîtan, st. v., _to incise, engrave_: pret. part. on þäm (hilte) wäs ôr
writen fyrn-gewinnes (_on which was engraved the origin of an ancient
struggle_), 1689.
for-wrîtan, _to cut to pieces_ or _in two_: pret. sg. for-wrât Wedra helm
wyrm on middan, 2706.
wrôht, st. m. f., _blame, accusation, crime_; here _strife, contest,
hostility_: nom. sg., 2288, 2474, 2914.
wudu, st. m., _wood_: 1) _material, timber_: nom. pl. wudu, 1365; hence,
_the wooden spear_: acc. pl. wudu, 398.--2) _forest, wood_: acc. sg. wudu,
1417.--3) _wooden ship_: nom. sg. 298; acc. sg. wudu, 216, 1920.--Comp.:
bæl-, bord-, gamen-, heal-, holt-, mägen-, sæ-, sund-, þrec-wudu.
wudu-rêc, st. m., _wood-reek_ or _smoke_: nom. sg., 3145.
wuldor, st. n., _glory_: nom. sg. kyninga wuldor (_God_), 666; gen. sg.
wuldres wealdend, 17, 183, 1753; wuldres hyrde, 932, (designations of God).
wuldor-cyning, st. m., _king of glory, God_. dat. sg. wuldur-cyninge, 2796
wuldor-torht, adj., _glory-bright, brilliant, clear_: acc. pl.
wuldor-torhtan weder, 1137.
wulf, st. m., _wolf_: acc. sg., 3028.
wulf-hlið, st. n., _wolf-slope, wolf's retreat, slope whereunder wolves
house_: acc. pl. wulf-hleoðu, 1359.
wund, st. f., _wound_: nom. sg., 2712, 2977; acc. sg. wunde, 2532, 2907;
acc. sg. wunde, 2726; instr. pl. wundum, 1114, 2831, 2938.--Comp.
feorh-wund.
wund, adj., _wounded, sore_: nom. sg., 2747; dat. sg. wundum, 2754; nom.
pl. wunde, 565, 1076.
wunden-feax, adj., _curly-haired_ (of a horse's mane): nom. sg., 1401.
wunden-heals, adj., _with twisted_ or _curved neck_ or _prow_: nom. sg.
wudu wunden-hals (_the ship_), 298.
wunden-heorde?, _curly-haired_?: nom. sg. f., 3153.
wunden-mæl, adj., _damascened, etched, with wavy ornaments_(?): nom. sg.
neut., 1532 (of a sword).
wunden-stefna, w. m. _curved prow, ship_: nom. sg., 220.
wundor, st. n.: 1) _wonder, wonderwork_: nom. sg., 772, 1725; wundur, 3063;
acc. sg. wundor, 841; wunder, 932; wundur, 2760, 3033, 3104; dat. sg.
wundre, 932; instr. pl. wundrum (_wondrously_), 1453, 2688; gen. pl.
wundra, 1608.--2) _portent, monster_: gen. pl. wundra, 1510.--Comp.: hand-,
nîð-, searo-wundor.
wundor-bebod, st. n., _wondrous command, strange order_: instr. pl.
-bebodum, 1748.
wundor-deáð, st. m., _wonder-death, strange death_: instr. sg. wundor
deáðe, 3038.
wundor-fät, st. n., _wonder-vat, strange vessel_: dat. pl. of wundor-fatum
(_from wondrous vessels_), 1163.
wundor-lîc, adj., _wonder like, remarkable_: nom. sg., 1441.
wundor-mâððum, st. m., _wonder-jewel, wonderful treasure_: acc. sg., 2174.
wundor-smið, st. m., _wonder-smith, skilled smith, worker of marvellous
things_: gen. pl. wundor-smiða geweorc (the ancient giant's sword), 1682.
wundor-seón, st. f., _wondrous sight_: gen. pl. wunder-sióna, 996.
wunian, w. v.: 1) _to stand, exist, remain_: pres. sg. III. þenden þær
wunað on heáh-stede hûsa sêlest (_as long as the best of houses stands
there on the high place_), 284; wunað he on wiste (_lives in plenty_),
1736; inf. on sele wunian (_to remain in the hall_), 3129; pret. sg. wunode
mid Finne (_remained with F._), 1129.--2) w. acc. or dat., _to dwell in, to
inhabit, to possess_: pres. sg. III. wunað wäl-reste (_holds his
death-bed_), 2903; inf. wäter-egesan wunian scolde..., streámas, 1261;
wîcum wunian, 3084; w. prep.: pres. sg. Higelâc þær ät hâm wunað, 1924.
ge-wunian, w. acc.: 1) _to inhabit_: inf. ge-[wunian], 2276.--2) _to remain
with, stand by_: subj. pres. þät hine on ylde eft ge-wunigen wil-ge-sîðas,
22.
wurðan. See weorðan.
wuton, v. from wîtan, used as interj., _let us go! up!_ w. inf.: wutun
gangan tô (_let us go to him!_), 2649; uton hraðe fêran! 1391; uton nu
êfstan, 3102.
wylf, st. f., _she-wolf_: in comp. brim-wylf.
wylm, st. m., _surge, surf, billow_: num. sg. flôdes wylm, 1765; dat.
wintres wylme (_with winter's flood_), 516; acc. sg. þurh wäteres wylm,
1694; acc. pl. heortan wylmas, 2508.--Comp.: breóst-, brim-, byrne-, cear-,
fýr-, heaðo-, holm-, sæ-, sorh-wylm. See wälm.
wyn, st. f., _pleasantness, pleasure, joy, enjoyment_: acc. sg. mæste ...
worolde wynne (_the highest earthly joy_), 1081; eorðan wynne (_earth-joy,
the delightful earth_), 1731; heofenes wynne (_heaven's joy_, the rising
sun), 1802; hearpan wynne (_harp-joy, the pleasant harp_), 2108; þät he ...
ge-drogen häfde eorðan wynne (_that he had had his earthly joy_), 2728;
dat. sg. weorod wäs on wynne, 2015; instr. pl. mägenes wynnum (_in joy of
strength_), 1717; so, 1888.--Comp.: êðel-, hord-, lîf-, lyft-, symbel-wyn.
wyn-leás, adj., _joyless_: acc. sg. wyn-leásne wudu, 1417; wyn-leás wîc,
822.
wyn-sum, adj., _winsome, pleasant_: acc. sg. wudu wyn-suman (_the ship_),
1920; nom. pl. word wæron wyn-sume, 613.
wyrcan, v. irreg.: 1) _to do, effect_, w. acc.: inf. (wundor) wyrcan,
931.--2) _to make, create_, w. acc.: pret. sg. þät se äl-mihtiga eorðan
worh[te], 92; swâ hine _(the helmet_) worhte wæpna smið, 1453.--3) _to
gain, win, acquire_, w. gen.: subj. pres. wyrce, se þe môte, dômes ær
deáðe, 1388.
be-wyrcan, _to gird, surround_: pret. pl. bronda betost wealle be-worhton,
3163.
ge-wyrcan: 1) intrans., _to act, behave_: inf. swâ sceal geong guma gôde
gewyrcean ... on fäder wine þät ... (_a young man shall so act with
benefits towards his father's friends that_ ...), 20.--2) w. acc., _to do,
make, effect, perform_: inf. ne meahte ic ät hilde mid Hruntinge wiht
ge-wyrcan, 1661; sweorde ne meahte on þam aglæcan ... wunde ge-wyrcean,
2907; pret. sg. ge-worhte, 636, 1579, 2713; pret. part. acc. ic þâ leóde
wât ... fäste ge-worhte. 1865.--3) _to make, construct_: inf. (medo-ärn)
ge-wyrcean, 69; (wîg-bord) ge-wyrcean, 2338; (hlæw) ge-wyrcean, 2803; pret.
pl. II. ge-worhton, 3097; III. ge-worhton, 3158; pret. part. ge-worht,
1697.--4) _to win, acquire_: pres. sg. ic me mid Hruntinge dôm ge-wyrce,
1492.
Wyrd, st. f., _Weird_ (one of the Norns, guide of human destiny; mostly
weakened down = _fate, providence_): nom. sg., 455, 477, 572, 735, 1206,
2421, 2527, 2575, 2815; acc. sg. wyrd, 1057, 1234; gen. pl. wyrda, 3031.
(Cf. Weird Sisters of Macbeth.)
wyrdan, w. v., _to ruin, kill, destroy_: pret. sg. he tô lange leóde mine
wanode and wyrde, 1338.
â-wyrdan, w. v., _to destroy, kill_: pret. part.: äðeling monig wundum
â-wyrded, 1114.
wyrðe, adj., _noble; worthy, honored, valued_: acc. sg. m. wyrðne (ge-dôn)
(_to esteem worthy_), 2186; nom. pl. wyrðe, 368; compar. nom. sg. rîces
wyrðra (_worthier of rule_), 862.--Comp. fyrd-wyrðe. See weorð.
wyrgen, st, f., _throttler_ [cf. sphinx], _she-wolf_; in comp.
grund-wyrgen.
ge-wyrht, st. n., _work; desert_; in comp. eald-gewyrht, 2658.
wyrm, st. m., _worm, dragon, drake_: nom. sg., 898, 2288, 2344, 2568, 2630,
2670, 2746, 2828; acc. sg. wyrm, 887, 892, 2706, 3040, 3133; dat. sg.
wyrme, 2308, 2520; gen. wyrmes, 2317, 2349, 2760, 2772, 2903; acc. pl.
wyrmas, 1431.
wyrm-cyn, st. m., _worm-kin, race of reptiles, dragons_: gen. sg.
wyrm-cynnes fela, 1426.
wyrm-fâh, adj., _dragon-ornamented, snake-adorned_ (ornamented with figures
of dragons, snakes, etc.: cf. Dietrich in Germania X., 278): nom. sg.
sweord ... wreoðen-hilt and wyrm-fâh, 1699.
wyrm-hord, st. n., _dragon-hoard_: gen. pl. wyrm-horda, 2223.
for-wyrnan, w. v., _to refuse, reject_: subj. pres. II. þät þu me nô
for-wyrne, þät... (_that thou refuse me not that_...), 429; pret. sg. he ne
for-wyrnde worold-rædenne, 1143.
ge-wyrpan, w. v. reflex., _to refresh one's self, recover_: pret. sg. he
hyne ge-wyrpte, 2977.
wyrpe, st. m., _change_: acc. sg. äfter weá-spelle wyrpe ge-fremman (_after
the woe-spell to bring about a change of things_), 1316.
wyrsa, compar. adj., _worse_: acc. sg. neut. þät wyrse, 1740; instr. sg.
wyrsan wrixle, 2970; gen. sg. wyrsan geþinges, 525; nom. acc. pl. wyrsan
wîg-frecan, 1213, 2497.
wyrt, st. f., [_-wort_], _root_: instr. pl. wudu wyrtum fäst, 1365.
wýscan, w. v., _to wish, desire_: pret. sg. wîscte (rihde, MS.) þäs yldan
(_wished to delay that_ or _for this reason_, 2440, 1605(?). See Note.
Y
yfel, st n., _evil_: gen. pl. yfla, 2095.
yldan, w. v., _to delay, put off_: inf. ne þät se aglæca yldan þôhte, 740;
weard wine-geômor wîscte þäs yldan, þät he lytel fäc long-gestreóna brûcan
môste, 2240.
ylde, st. m. pl., _men_: dat. pl. yldum, 77, 706, 2118; gen. pl. ylda, 150,
606, 1662. See elde.
yldest. See eald.
yldo, st. f., _age (senectus), old age_: nom. sg., 1737, 1887; atol yldo,
1767; dat. sg. on ylde, 22.--2) _age (ætas), time, era_: gen. sg. yldo
bearn, 70. See eldo.
yldra. See eald.
ylf, st. f., _elf (incubus, alp_): nom. pl. ylfe, 112.
ymb, prep. w. acc.: 1) local, _around, about, at, upon_: ymb hine (_around,
with, him_), 399. With prep, postponed: hine ymb, 690; ymb brontne ford
(_around the seas, on the high sea_), 568; ymb þâ gif-healle (_around the
gift-hall, throne-hall_), 839; ymb þäs helmes hrôf (_around the helm's
roof, crown_), 1031.--2) temporal, _about, after_: ymb ân-tîd ôðres dôgores
(_about the same time the next day_), 219; ymb âne niht (_after a night_),
135.--3) causal, _about, on account of, for, owing to_: (frînan) ymb þînne
sîð (_on account of, concerning?, thy journey_), 353; hwät þu ... ymb
Brecan spræce (_hast spoken about B._), 531; so, 1596, 3174; nâ ymb his lîf
cearað (_careth not for his life_), 1537; so, 450; ymb feorh sacan, 439;
sundor-nytte beheóld ymb aldor Dena, 669; ymb sund (_about the swimming,
the prize for swimming_), 507.
ymbe, I. prep. w. acc. = ymb: 1) local, 2884, 3171; hlæw oft ymbe hwearf
(prep, postponed), 2297. 2) causal, 2071, 2619.--II. adv., _around_: him
... ymbe, 2598.
ymb-sittend, pres. part., _neighbor_ gen. pl. ymb-sittendra, 9.
ymbe-sittend, the same: nom. pl. ymbe-sittend, 1828; gen. pl.
ymbe-sittendra, 2735.
yppe, w. f., _high seat, dais, throne_: dat. sg. eode ... tô yppan, 1816.
yrfe, st. n., _bequest, legacy_: nom. sg., 3052.
yrfe-lâf, st. f., _sword left as a bequest_: acc. sg. yrfe-lâfe, 1054;
instr. sg. yrfe-lâfe, 1904.
yrfe-weard, st. m., _heir, son_: nom. sg., 2732; gen. sg. yrfe-weardes,
2454. (-as, MS.)
yrmðo, st. f., _misery, shame, wretchedness_: acc. sg. yrmðe, 1260, 2006.
yrre, st. n., _anger, ire, excitement_: acc. sg. godes yrre, 712; dat. sg,
on yrre, 2093.
yrre, adj., _angry, irate, furious_: nom. sg. yrre oretta (Beówulf), 1533;
þegn yrre (the same), 1576; gäst yrre (Grendel), 2074; nom. pl. yrre, 770.
See eorre.
yrringa, adv., _angrily, fiercely_, 1566, 2965.
yrre-môd, adj., _wrathful-minded, wild_: nom. sg., 727.
ys, _he is_. See wesan.
Ý
ýð (O.H.G. unda), st. f., _wave; sea_: nom. pl. ýða, 548; acc. pl. ýðe, 46,
1133, 1910; dat. pl. ýðum, 210, 421, 534, 1438, 1908; ýðum weallan (_to
surge with waves_), 515, 2694; gen. pl. ýða, 464, 849, 1209, 1470,
1919.--Comp: flôd-, lîg-, wäter-ýð.
ýðan, w. v., _to ravage, devastate, destroy_: pret. sg. ýðde eotena cyn,
421 (cf. îðende = _depopulating_, Bosworth, from Ælfric's Glossary; pret.
ýðde, Wanderer, 85).
ýðe. See eáðe.
ýðe-lîce, adv., _easily_: ýðe-lîce he eft â-stôd (_he easily arose
afterwards_), 1557.
ýð-gebland, st. n., _mingling_ or _surging waters, water-tumult_: nom. sg.
-geblond, 1374, 1594; nom. pl. -gebland, 1621.
ýð-gewin, st. n., _strife with the sea, wave-struggle, rushing of water_:
dat. sg. ýð-gewinne, 2413; gen. sg. -gewinnes, 1435.
ýð-lâd, st. f., _water-journey, sea-voyage_: nom. pl. ýð-lâde, 228.
ýð-lâf, st. f., _water-leaving, what is left by the water (undarum
reliquiae), shore_: dat. sg. be ýð-lâfe, 566.
ýð-lida, w. m., _wave-traverser, ship_: acc. sg. ýð-lidan, 198.
ýð-naca, w. m., _sea-boat_: acc. sg. [ýð-]nacan, 1904.
ýð-gesêne. See êð-gesýne.
ýwan, w. v. w. acc., _to show_: pret. sg. an-sýn ýwde (_showed itself,
appeared_), 2835. See eáwan, eówan.
ge-ýwan, w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to lay before, offer_: inf.,
2150.
GLOSSARY TO FINNSBURH.
âbrecan, st. v., _to shatter_: part. his byrne âbrocen wære (_his byrnie
was shattered_).
ânyman, st. v., _to take, take away_.
bân-helm, st. m., _bone-helmet; skull_, [_shield_, Bosw.].
buruh-þelu, st. f., _castle-floor_.
cêlod, part, (adj.?), _keeled_, i.e. boat-shaped or hollow.
dagian, w. v., _to dawn_: ne þis ne dagiað eástan (_this is not dawning
from the east_).
deór-môd, adj., _brave in mood_: deór-môd häleð.
driht-gesîð, st m., _companion, associate_.
eástan, adv., _from the east_.
eorð-bûend, st. m., _earth-dweller, man_.
fêr, st. m. _fear, terror_.
fýren, adj., _flaming, afire_: nom. f. swylce eal Finns-buruh fýrenu wære
(_as if all Finnsburh were afire_).
gehlyn, st. n., _noise, tumult_.
gellan, st. v., _to sing_ (i.e. ring or resound): pres. sg. gylleð
græg-hama (_the gray garment_ [byrnie] _rings_); (_the gray wolf
yelleth_?).
genesan, st. v., _to survive, recover from_: pret. pl. þâ wîgend hyra wunda
genæson (_the warriors were recovering from their wounds_).
gold-hladen, adj., _laden with gold_ (wearing heavy gold ornaments).
græg-hama, w. m., _gray garment, mail-coat_; (_wolf_?--Brooke).
gûð-wudu, st. m., _war-wood, spear_.
häg-steald, st. m., _one who lives in his lord's house, a house-carl._
heaðo-geong, adj., _young in war._
here-sceorp, st. n., _war-dress, coat of mail_.
hleoðrian, w. v., _to speak, exclaim_: pret. sg. hleoðrode ... cyning (_the
prince exclaimed_).
hræw, st. n., _corpse_.
hrôr, adj., _strong_: here-sceorpum hrôr (_strong_ [though it was] _as
armor_, Bosw.).
lac (lað?)? for flacor, _fluttering?_
oncweðan, st. v., _to answer_: pres. sg. scyld scefte oncwyð (_the shield
answers the spear_).
onwacnian, w. v., _to awake, arouse one's self_: imper. pl. onwacnigeað...,
wîgend mine (_awake, my warriors!_).
sceft (sceaft), st. m., _spear, shaft_.
sealo-brûn, adj., _dusky-brown_.
sige-beorn, st. m., _victorious hero, valiant warrior_.
swäðer (swâ hwäðer), pron., _which of two, which_.
swân, st. m., _swain, youth; warrior_.
sweart, adj., _swart, black_.
swêt, adj., _sweet_: acc. m. swêtne medo ... forgyldan (_requite the sweet
mead_, i.e. repay, by prowess in battle, the bounty of their chief).
swurd-leóma, w. m., _sword-flame, flashing of swords_.
þyrl, adj., _pierced, cloven_.
undearninga, adv., _without concealment, openly_.
wandrian, w. v., _to fly about, hover_: pret. sg. hräfn wandrode (_the
raven hovered_).
waðol, st. m., _the full moon_ [Grein]; [adj., _wandering_, Bosw.].
wäl-sliht (-sleaht), st. m., _combat, deadly struggle_: gen. pl. wäl-slihta
gehlyn (_the din of combats_)
weâ-dæd, st. f., _deed of woe_: nom. pl. ârisað weâ-dæda.
witian (weotian), w. v., _to appoint, determine_: part. þe is ... witod.
wurðlîce (weorðlîce), adv., _worthily, gallantly_: compar. wurð-lîcor.
wäg, weg, st. m., _way_.
CORRECTIONS MADE TO THE SOURCE TEXT:
ARGUMENT, recals = recalls
POEM:
ll. 131, 737 þryð-swyð = þrýð-swýð
l. 256 ôfest = ôfost
l. 303 sciónon = scionon
l. 706 buton = bûton
l. 1115 ât = ät
l. 1133 wîð = wið
ll. 1304, 1560, 1616 missing caesuras supplied
l. 1436 here-sträl = here-stræl
l. 1642 feôwer- = feówer
l. 1747 sträle = stræle
l. 1828 þywað = þýwað
l. 1926 betlic = betlîc
l. 2224 gesceód = gesceôd
ll. 2288, 3036 wâs = wäs
l. 2453 to = tô
l. 2503 Huga = Hûga
l. 2586 niðe = nîðe
l. 2587 sið = sîð
l. 2684 irenna = îrenna
l. 2915 Hugas = Hûgas
l. 2956 heáðo-liðendum = heaðo-lîðendum
l. 3000 Þât = Þät; feônd- = feónd-
l. 3056 sóð = sôð
l. 3137 Hrônes = Hrones
list of names, under:
Dene, Scedenîgge = Scedenigge
Eádgils, Ohthere = Ôhthere
Freáwaru, Freawaru = Freáwaru
Hrôðgâr, Hrôð-gâre = Hrôðgâre
Hygelac, Hæreð = Häreð
NOTES for
l. 31, of l. 31 = of l. 30
l. 1441, wôð- = wæg-
l. 1916, leôfra = leófra
GLOSSARY, under headword
äðele, Beowulf's = Beówulf's
ân, gehwilces = gehwylces
æg-hwâ, ægh-wäs = æghwäs
ät-beran, beadolâce = beadulâce
beadu-lâc, beado- = beadu- (twice)
beág, beages = beáges
beorh, heáford- = heáfod
beódan, leodum = leódum
beón, cwênlic = cwênlîc
biddan, bliðne = blîðne
bitter, sträle = stræle
ge-bîdan, therefor = therefore
on-bîdan, earfôðlîce = earfoðlîce
brecan, lêtdse = lêt se
Back to Full Books
|