Beowulf
by
James A. Harrison and Robert Sharp, eds.

Part 6 out of 11



the bounteous repast_, 1015; þeódnes gefêgon, _rejoiced at_ (the return of)
_the ruler_, 1628.--b) w. instr.: niht-weorce gefeh, ellen-mærðum, 828;
secg weorce gefeh, 1570; sælâce gefeah, mägen-byrðenne þâra þe he him mid
häfde, _rejoiced at the gift of the sea, and at the great burden of that_
(Grendel's head and the sword-hilt) _which he had with him_, 1625.

feoh-gift, -gyft, st. f., _bestowing of gifts_ or _treasures_: gen. sg.
þære feoh-gyfte, 1026; dat. pl. ät feohgyftum, 1090; fromum feohgiftum,
_with rich gifts_, 21.

feoh-leás, adj., _that cannot be atoned for through gifts_: nom. sg. þät
wäs feoh-leás gefeoht, _a deed of arms that cannot be expiated_ (the
killing of his brother by Hæðcyn), 2442.

ge-feoht, st. n., _combat; warlike deed_: nom. sg. (the killing of his
brother by Hæðcyn), 2442; dat. sg. mêce þone þîn fader tô gefeohte bär,
_the sword which thy father bore to the combat_, 2049.

ge-feohtan, st. v., _to fight_: inf. w. acc. ne mehte ... wîg Hengeste wiht
gefeohtan (_could by no means offer Hengest battle_), 1084.

feohte, w. f., _combat_: acc. sg. feohtan, 576, 960. See were-fyhte.

feor, adj., _far, remote_: nom. sg. nis þät feor heonon, 1362; näs him feor
þanon tô gesêcanne sinces bryttan, 1922; acc. sg. feor eal (_all that is
far, past_), 1702.

feor, adv., _far, far away_: a) of space, 42, 109, 809, 1806, 1917; feor
and (oððe) neáh, _far and (or) near_, 1222, 2871; feorr, 2267.--b) of time:
ge feor hafað fæhðe gestæled (_has placed us under her enmity henceforth_),
1341.

Comparative, fyr, feorr, and feor: fyr and fästor, 143; fyr, 252; feorr,
1989; feor, 542.

feor-bûend, pt., _dwelling far away_: nom. pl. ge feor-bûend, 254.

feor-cýð, st. f., _home of those living far away, distant land_: nom, pl.
feor-cýððe beóð sêlran gesôhte þäm þe him selfa deáh, _foreign lands are
better sought by him who trusts to his own ability_, 1839.

feorh, ferh (Goth. fairhvu-s, _world_), st. m. and n., _life, principle of
life, soul_: nom. sg. feorh, 2124; nô þon lange wäs feorh äðelinges flæsce
bewunden, _not for much longer was the soul of the prince enveloped in the
body_ (he was near death), 2425; ferh ellen wräc, _life expelled the
strength_ (i.e. with the departing life the strength disappeared also),
2707; acc. sg. feorh ealgian, 797, 2656, 2669; feorh gehealdan, _preserve
his life_, 2857; feorh âlegde, _gave up his life_, 852; similarly, ær he
feorh seleð, 1371; feorh oðferede, _tore away her life_, 2142; ôð þät hie
forlæddan tô þam lindplegan swæse gesîðas ond hyra sylfra feorh, _till in
an evil hour they carried into battle their dear companions and their
lives_ (i.e. led them to their death), 2041; gif þu þîn feorh hafast, 1850;
ymb feorh sacan (_to fight for life_), 439; wäs in feorh dropen, _was
wounded into his life_, i.e. mortally, 2982; wîdan feorh, as temporal acc.,
_through a wide life_, i.e. always, 2015; dat. sg. feore, 1294, 1549; tô
wîdan feore, _for a wide life_, i.e. at all times, 934; on swâ geongum
feore (_at a so youthful age_), 1844; as instr., 578, 3014; gen. sg.
feores, 1434, 1943; dat. pl. bûton ... feorum gumena, 73; freónda feorum,
1307.--Also, _body, corpse_: þâ wäs heal hroden feónda feorum (_the hall
was covered with the slain of the enemy_), 1153; gehwearf þâ in Francna
fäðm feorh cyninges, _then the body of the king_ (Hygelâc) _fell into the
power of the Franks_, 1211. --Comp. geogoð-feorh.

feorh-bana, w. m., _(life-slayer), man-slayer, murderer_: dat. sg.
feorh-bonan, 2466.

feorh-ben, st. f., _wound that takes away life, mortal wound_: dat.
(instr.) pl. feorh-bennum seóc, 2741.

feorh-bealu, st. n., _evil destroying life, violent death_: nom. sg., 2078,
2251, 2538; acc. sg., 156.

feorh-cyn, st. n., _race of the living, mankind_: gen. pl. fela
feorh-cynna, 2267.

feorh-genîðla, w. m., _he who seeks life, life's enemy_ (N.H.G. Tod-feind),
_mortal enemy_: acc. sg. -genîðlan, 1541; dat. sg. -genîðlan, 970; acc. sg.
brægd feorh-genîðlan, 1541; acc. pl. folgode feorh-genîðlan, (Ongenþeów)
_pursued his mortal enemies_, 2934.

feorh-lagu, st. f., _the life allotted to anyone, life determined by fate_:
acc. sg. on mâðma hord mine (mînne, MS.) bebohte frôde feorh-lege, _for the
treasure-hoard I sold my old life_, 2801.

feorh-lâst, st. m., _trace of (vanishing) life, sign of death _: acc. pl.
feorh-lâstas bär, 847.

feorh-seóc, adj., _mortally wounded_: nom. sg., 821.

feorh-sweng, st. m., _(stroke robbing of life), fatal blow_: acc. sg.,
2490.

feorh-wund, st. f., _mortal wound, fatal injury_: acc. sg. feorh-wunde
hleát, 2386.

feorm, st. f., _subsistence, entertainment_: acc. sg. nô þu ymb mînes ne
þearft lîces feorme leng sorgian, _thou needest no longer have care for the
sustenance of my body_, 451.--2) _banquet_: dat. on feorme (or feorme,
MS.), 2386.

feormend-leás, adj., _wanting the. cleanser_: acc. pl. geseah ...
fyrn-manna fatu feormend-leáse, 2762.

feormian, w. v., _to clean, to cleanse, to polish_: pres. part. nom pl.
feormiend swefað (feormynd, MS.), 2257.

ge-feormian, w. v., _to feast, to eat_; pret. part. sôna häfde unlyfigendes
eal gefeormod fêt and folma, 745.

feorran, w. v., w. acc., _to remove_: inf. sibbe ne wolde wið manna hwone
mägenes Deniga feorh-bealo feorran, feó þingian, (Grendel) _would not from
friendship free any one of the men of the Danes of life's evil, nor allay
it for tribute_, 156.

feorran, adv., _from afar_: a) of space, 361, 430, 826, 1371, 1820, etc.;
siððan äðelingas feorran gefricgean fleám eówerne, _when noble men afar
learn of your flight_ (when the news of your flight reaches distant lands),
2890; fêrdon folctogan feorran and neán, _from far and from near_, 840;
similarly, neán and feorran þu nu [friðu] hafast, 1175; wäs þäs wyrmes wîg
wîde gesýne ... neán and feorran, _visible from afar, far and near_,
2318.--b) temporal: se þe cûðe frumsceaft fira feorran reccan (_since
remote antiquity_), 91; similarly, feorran rehte, 2107.

feorran-cund, adj., _foreign-born_: dat. sg. feorran-cundum, 1796.

feor-weg, st. m., _far way_: dat. pl. mâdma fela of feorwegum, _many
precious things from distant paths_ (from foreign lands), 37.

ge-feón. See feohan.

feónd, st. m., _enemy_: nom. sg., 164, 726, 749; feónd on helle (Grendel),
101; acc. sg., 279, 1865, 2707; dat. sg. feónde, 143, 439; gen. sg.
feóndes, 985, 2129, 2290; acc, pl. feónd, 699; dat. pl. feóndum, 420, 1670;
gen. pl. feonda 294, 809, 904.

feónd-grâp, st. f., _foe's clutch_: dat. (instr.) pl. feónd-grâpum fäst,
637.

feónd-sceaða, w. m., _one who is an enemy and a robber_: nom. sg. fâh
feónd-scaða (_a hostile sea-monster_), 554.

feónd-scipe, st. m., _hostility_: nom. sg., 3000.

feówer, num., _four_: nom. feówer bearn, 59; feówer mearas, 2164; feówer,
as substantive, 1638; acc. feówer mâðmas, 1028.

feówer-tyne, num., _fourteen_: nom. with following gen. pl. feówertyne
Geáta, 1642.

findan, st. v., _to find, to invent, to attain_: a) with simple object in
acc.: inf. þâra þe he cênoste findan mihte, 207; swylce hie at Finnes-hâm
findan meahton sigla searo-gimma, 1157; similarly, 2871; mäg þær fela
freónda findan, 1839; wolde guman findan, 2295; swâ hyt weorðlîcost
fore-snotre men findan mihton, _so splendidly as only very wise men could
devise it_, 3164; pret. sg. healþegnas fand, 720; word ôðer fand, _found
other words_, i.e. went on to another narrative, 871; grimne gryrelîcne
grund-hyrde fond, 2137; þät ic gôdne funde beága bryttan, 1487; pret. part.
syððan ærest wearð feásceaft funden (_discovered_), 7.--b) with acc. and
pred. adj.: pret. sg. dryhten sînne driórigne fand, 2790.--c) with acc. and
inf.: pret. fand þâ þær inne äðelinga gedriht swefan, 118; fand wäccendne
wer wîges bîdan, 1268; hord-wynne fond opene standan, 2271; ôð þät he
fyrgen-beámas ... hleonian funde, 1416; pret. pl. fundon þâ sâwulleásne
hlim-bed healdan, 3034.--d) with dependent clause: inf. nô þý ær feásceafte
findan meahton ät þam äðelinge þät he Heardrêde hlâford wære (_could by no
means obtain it from the prince_), 2374.

on-findan, _to be sensible of, to perceive, to notice_: a) w. acc.: pret.
sg. landweard onfand eftsîð eorla, _the coast-guard observed the return of
the earls_, 1892; pret. part. þâ heó onfunden wäs (_was discovered_),
1294.--b) w. depend, clause: pret. sg. þâ se gist onfand þät se beado-leóma
bîtan nolde, _the stranger_ (Beówulf) _perceived that the sword would not
cut_, 1523; sôna þät onfunde, þät ..., _immediately perceived that_...,
751; similarly, 810, 1498.

finger, st. m., _finger_: nom. pl. fingras, 761; acc. pl. fingras, 985;
dat. (instr.) pl. fingrum, 1506; gen. pl. fingra, 765.

firas, fyras (O.H.G. firahî, i.e. _the living_; cf. feorh), st. m., only in
pl., _men_: gen. pl. fira, 91, 2742; monegum fira, 2002; fyra gehwylcne
leóda mînra, 2251; fira fyrngeweorc, 2287.

firen, fyren, st. f., _cunning waylaying, insidious hostility, malice,
outrage_: nom. sg. fyren, 916; acc. sg. fyrene and fæhðe, 153; fæhðe and
fyrene, 880, 2481; firen' ondrysne, 1933; dat. sg. fore fæhðe and fyrene,
137; gen. pl. fyrena, 164, 629; and fyrene, 812; fyrena hyrde (of Grendel),
751. The dat. pl., fyrenum, is used adverbially in the sense of
_maliciously_, 1745, or _fallaciously_, with reference to Hæðcyn's killing
Herebeald, which was done unintentionally, 2442.

firen-dæd, st. f., _wicked deed_: acc. pl. fyren-dæda, 1670; instr. pl.
fyren-dædum, 1002; both times of Grendel and his mother, with reference to
their nocturnal inroads.

firen-þearf, st. f., _misery through the malignity of enemies_: acc. sg.
fyren-þearfe, 14.

firgen-beám, st. m., _tree of a mountain-forest_: acc. pl. fyrgen-beámas,
1415.

firgen-holt, st. m., _mountain-wood, mountain-forest_: acc. sg. on
fyrgen-holt, 1394.

firgen-streám, st. m., _mountain-stream_: nom. sg. fyrgen-streám, 1360;
acc. sg. under fyrgen-streám (marks the place where the mountain-stream,
according to 1360, empties into Grendel's sea), 2129.

fisc, st. m., _fish_: in comp. hron-, mere-fisc.

fîf, num., _five_: uninflect. gen. fîf nihta fyrst, 545; acc. fîfe (?),
420.

fîfel-cyn (O.N. fîfl, stultus and gigas), st. n., _giant-race_: gen. sg.
fîfelcynnes eard, 104.

fîf-tene, fîf-tyne, num., _fifteen_: acc. fýftyne, 1583; gen. fîftena sum,
207.

fîf-tig, num., _fifty_: 1) as substantive with gen. following; acc. fîftig
wintra, 2734; gen. se wäs fîftiges fôt-gemearces lang, 3043.--2) as
adjective: acc. fîftig wintru, 2210.

flân, st. m., _arrow_: dat. sg. flâne, 3120; as instr., 2439.

flân-boga, w. m., _bow which shoots the flân, bow_: dat. sg. of flân-bogan,
1434, 1745.

flæsc, st. n., _flesh, body in contrast with soul_: instr. sg. nô þon lange
wäs feorh äðelinges flæsce bewunden, _not much longer was the son of the
prince contained in his body_, 2425.

flæsc-hama, w. m., _clothing of flesh_, i.e. the body: acc. sg.
flæsc-homan, 1569.

flet, st. n.: 1) _ground, floor of a hall_: acc. sg. heó on flet gebeáh,
_fell to the ground_, 1541; similarly, 1569.--2) _hall, mansion_: nom. sg.
1977; acc. sg. flet, 1037, 1648, 1950, 2018, etc.; flett, 2035; þät hie him
ôðer flet eal gerýmdon, _that they should give up entirely to them another
hall_, 1087; dat. sg. on flette, 1026.

flet-räst, st. f., _resting-place in the hall_: acc. sg. flet-räste gebeág,
_reclined upon the couch in the hall_, 1242.

flet-sittend, pres. part., _sitting in the hall_: acc. pl -sittende, 2023;
dat. pl. -sittendum, 1789.

flet-werod, st. n., _troop from the hall_: nom. sg., 476.

fleám, st. m., _flight_: acc. sg. on fleám gewand, _had turned to flight_,
1002; fleám eówerne, 2890.

fleógan, st. v., _to fly_: prs. sg. III. fleógeð, 2274.

fleón, st. v., _to flee_: inf. on heolster fleón, 756; fleón on fenhopu,
765; fleón under fen-hleoðu, 821; pret. hete-swengeas fleáh, 2226.

be-fleón, w. acc., _to avoid, to escape_: gerund nô þät ýðe byð tô
befleónne, _that is not easy_ (i.e. not at all) _to be avoided_, 1004.

ofer-fleón, w. acc., _to flee from one, to yield_: inf. nelle ic beorges
weard oferfleón fôtes trem, _will not yield to the warder of the mountain_
(the drake) _a foot's breadth_, 2526.

fleótan, st. v., _to float upon the water, to swim_: inf. nô he wiht fram
me flôd-ýðum feor fleótan meahte. hraðor on helme, _no whit, could he swim
from me farther on the waves_ (regarded as instrumental, so that the waves
marked the distance), _more swiftly in the sea_, 542; pret. sægenga fleát
fâmigheals forð ofer ýðe, _floated away over the waves_, 1910.

fliht. See flyht.

flitme. See un-flitme.

flîtan, st. v., _to exert one's self, to strive, to emulate_: pres. part.
flîtende fealwe stræte mearum mæton (_rode a race_), 917; pret. sg. II.
eart þu se Beówulf, se þe wið Brecan ... ymb sund flite, _art thou the
Beówulf who once contended with Breca for the prize in swimming?_ 507.

ofer-flîtan, _to surpass one in a contest, to conquer, to overcome_: pret.
w. acc. he þe ät sunde oferflât (_overcome thee in a swimming-wager_), 517.

ge-flît, st. n., _emulation_: acc. sg. lêton on geflît faran fealwe mearas,
_let the fallow horses go in emulation_, 866.

floga, w. m., _flyer_; in the compounds: gûð-, lyft-, uht-, wîð-floga.

flota (see fleótan), w. m., _float, ship, boat_: nom. sg., 210, 218, 301;
acc. sg. flotan eówerne, 294.--Comp. wæg-flota.

flot-here, st. m., _fleet_: instr. sg. cwom faran flotherge on Fresna land,
2916.

flôd, st. m., _flood, stream, sea-current_: nom. sg., 545, 580, 1362, etc.;
acc. sg. flôd, 3134; ofer fealone flôd, 1951; dat. sg. tô flôde, 1889; gen.
pl. flôda begong, _the region of floods_, i.e. the sea, 1498, 1827; flôda
genipu, 2809.

flôd-ýð, st. f., _flood-wave_: instr. pl. flôd-ýðum, 542.

flôr, st. m., _floor, stone-floor_: acc. sg. on fâgne flôr (the floor was
probably a kind of mosaic, made of colored flags), 726; dat. sg. gang þâ
äfter flôre, _along the floor_ (i.e. along the hall), 1317.

flyht, fliht, st. m., _flight_: nom. sg. gâres fliht, _flight of the
spear_, 1766.

ge-flýman, w. v., _to put to flight_: pret. part. geflýmed, 847, 1371.

folc, st. n., _troop, band of warriors; folk_, in the sense of the whole
body of the fighting men of a nation: acc. sg. folc, 522, 694, 912; Sûðdene
folc, 464; folc and rîce, 1180; dat. sg. folce, 14, 2596; folce Deninga,
465; as instr. folce gestepte ofer sæ sîde, _went with a band of warriors
over the wide sea_, 2394; gen. sg. folces, 1125; folces Denigea, 1583.--The
king is called folces hyrde, 611, 1833, 2645, 2982; freáwine folces, 2358;
or folces weard, 2514. The queen, folces cwên, 1933.--The pl., in the sense
of _warriors, fighting men_: nom. pl. folc, 1423, 2949; dat. pl. folcum,
55, 262, 1856; gen. pl. freó- (freá-) wine folca, _of the king_, 430, 2430;
friðu-sibb folca, _of the queen_, 2018.--Comp. sige-folc.

folc-âgend, pres. part., _leader of a band of warriors_: nom. pl.
folc-âgende, 3114.

folc-beorn, st. m., _man of the multitude, a common man_: nom. sg.
folc-beorn, 2222.

folc-cwên, st. f., _queen of a warlike host_: nom. sg., of Wealhþeów, 642.

folc-cyning, st. m., _king of a warlike host_: nom. sg., 2734, 2874.

folc-ræd, st. m, _what best serves a warlike host_: acc. sg., 3007.

folc-riht, st. n., _the rights of the fighting men of a nation_: gen. pl.
him ær forgeaf ... folcrihta gehwylc, swâ his fäder âhte, 2609.

folc-scearu, st. f., _part of a host of warriors, nation_: dat. sg.
folc-scare, 73.

folc-stede, st. m., _position of a band of warriors, place where a band of
warriors is quartered_: acc. sg. folcstede, of the hall, Heorot, 76;
folcstede fâra (_the battle-field_), 1464.

folc-toga, w. m., _leader of a body of warriors, duke_: nom. pl., powerful
liege-men of Hrôðgâr are called folc-togan, 840.

fold-bold, st. n., _earth-house_ (i.e. a house on earth in contrast with a
dwelling in heaven): nom. sg. fäger fold-bold, of the hall, Heorot, 774.

fold-bûend, pres. part. _dweller on earth, man_: nom. pl. fold-bûend, 2275;
fold-bûende, 1356; dat. pl. fold-bûendum, 309.

folde, w. f., _earth, ground_: acc. sg. under foldan, 1362; feóll on
foldan, 2976; gen. sg. foldan bearm, _the bosom of the earth_, 1138; foldan
sceátas, 96; foldan fäðm, 1394.--Also, _earth, world_: dat. sg. on foldan,
1197.

fold-weg, st. m., _field-way, road through the country_: acc. sg. fold-weg,
1634; acc. pl. fold-wegas, 867.

folgian, w. v.: 1) _to perform vassal-duty, to serve, to follow_: pret. pl.
þeáh hie hira beággyfan banan folgedon, _although they followed the
murderer of their prince_, 1103.--2) _to pursue, to follow after_: folgode
feorh-genîðlan (acc. pl.) 2934.

folm, st. f, _hand_: acc. sg. folme, 971, 1304; dat. sg. mid folme, 743;
acc. pl. fêt and folma, _feet and hands_, 746; dat. pl. tô banan folmum,
158; folmum (instr.), 723, 993.--Comp.: beado-, gearo-folm.

for, prep. w. dat., instr., and acc.: 1) w. dat. local, _before_, ante: þät
he for eaxlum gestôd Deniga freán, 358; for hlâwe, 1121.--b) _before_,
coram, in conspectu: no he þære feohgyfte for sceótendum scamigan þorfte,
_had no need to be ashamed of the gift before the warriors_, 1027; for þäm
werede, 1216; for eorlum, 1650; for duguðe, _before the noble band of
warriors_, 2021.--Causal, a) to denote a subjective motive, _on account of,
through, from_: for wlenco, _from bravery, through warlike courage_, 338,
1207; for wlence, 508; for his wonhýdum, 434; for onmêdlan, 2927, etc.--b)
objective, partly denoting a cause, _through, from, by reason of_: for
metode, _for the creator, on account of the creator_, 169; for þreánýdum,
833; for þreánêdlan, 2225; for dolgilpe, _on account of, in accordance with
the promise of bold deeds_ (because you claimed bold deeds for yourself),
509; him for hrôfsele hrînan ne mehte fær-gripe flôdes, _on account of the
roofed hall the malicious grasp of the flood could not reach him_, 1516;
lîg-egesan wäg for horde, _on account of_ (the robbing of) _the treasure_,
2782; for mundgripe mînum, _on account of, through the gripe of my hand_,
966; for þäs hildfruman hondgeweorce, 2836; for swenge, _through the
stroke_, 2967; ne meahte ... deóp gedýgan for dracan lêge, _could not hold
out in the deep on account of the heat of the drake_, 2550. Here may be
added such passages as ic þäm gôdan sceal for his môdþräce mâðmas beódan,
_will offer him treasures on account of his boldness of character, for his
high courage_, 385; ful-oft for lässan leán teohhode, _gave often reward
for what was inferior_, 952; nalles for ealdre mearn, _was not uneasy about
his life_, 1443; similarly, 1538. Also denoting purpose: for ârstafum, _to
the assistance_, 382, 458.--2) w. instr. causal, _because of, for_: he hine
feor forwräc for þý mane, 110.--3) w. acc., _for, as, instead of_: for sunu
freógan, _love as a son_, 948; for sunu habban, 1176; ne him þäs wyrmes wîg
for wiht dyde, _held the drake's fighting as nothing_, 2349.

foran, adv., _before, among the first, forward_: siððan ... sceáwedon
feóndes fingras, foran æghwylc (_each before himself_), 985; þät wäs ân
foran ealdgestreóna, _that was one among the first of the old treasures_,
i.e. a splendid old treasure, 1459; þe him foran ongeán linde bæron, _bore
their shields forward against him_ (went out to fight against him), 2365.

be-foran: 1) adv., local, _before_: he ... beforan gengde, _went before_,
1413; temporal, _before, earlier_, 2498.--2) prep. w. acc. _before_, in
conspectu: mære mâððum-sweord manige gesâwon beforan beorn beran, 1025.

ford, st. m., _ford, water-way_: acc. sg. ymb brontne ford, 568.

forð: 1) local, _forth, hither, near_: forð near ätstôp, _approached
nearer_, 746; þâ cwom Wealhþeó forð gân, 1163; similarly, 613; him seleþegn
forð wîsade, _led him_ (Beówulf) _forth_ (to the couch that had been
prepared for him in Heorot), 1796; þät him swât sprong forð under fexe,
_forth under the hair of his head_, 2968. _Forward, further_: gewîtað forð
beran wæpen and gewædu, 291; he tô forð gestôp, 2290; freoðo-wong þone forð
ofereodon, 2960. _Away, forth_, 45, 904; fyrst forð gewât, _the time_ (of
the way to the ship) _was out_, i.e. they had arrived at the ship, 210; me
... forð-gewitenum, _to me the departed_, 1480; fêrdon forð, _went forth_
(from Grendel's sea), 1633; þonne he forð scile, _when he must (go) forth_,
i.e. die, 3178; hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede, _carried
him forth, over all men_, 1719.--2) temporal, _forth, from now on_: heald
forð tela niwe sibbe, 949; ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymbe Grendel, _shall
from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2070. See furðum and furðor.

forð-gerîmed, pres. part., _in unbroken succession_, 59.

forð-gesceaft, st. f., _that which is determined for farther on, future
destiny_: acc. sg. he þâ forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgýmeð, 1751.

forð-weg, st. m., _road that leads away, journey_: he of ealdre gewât frôd
on forð-weg (_upon the way to the next world_), 2626.

fore, prep. w. dat., local, _before_, coram, in conspectu: heó fore þäm
werede spräc, 1216. Causal, _through, for, because of_: nô mearn fore fæhðe
and fyrene, 136; fore fäder dædum, _because of the father's deeds_,
2060,--Allied to this is the meaning, _about_, de, super: þær wäs sang and
swêg samod ätgädere fore Healfdenes hildewîsan, _song and music about
Healfdene's general_ (the song of Hnäf), 1065.

fore-mære, adj., _renowned beyond (others)_, præclarus: superl. þät wäs
fore-mærost foldbûendum receda under roderum, 309.

fore-mihtig, adj., _able beyond (others)_, præpotens: nom. sg. wäs tô
foremihtig feónd on fêðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (could flee
too rapidly), 970.

fore-snotor, adj., _wise beyond (others)_, sapientissimus: nom. pl.
foresnotre men, 3164.

fore-þanc, st. m., _forethought, consideration, deliberation_: nom. sg.,
1061.

forht, adj., _fearful, cowardly_: nom. sg. forht, 2968; he on môde wearð
forht on ferhðe, 755.--Comp. unforht.

forma, adj., _foremost, first_: nom. sg. forma sîð (_the first time_), 717,
1464, 1528, 2626; instr. sg. forman sîðe, 741, 2287; forman dôgore, 2574.

fyrmest, adv. superl., _first of all, in the first place_: he fyrmest läg,
2078.

forst, st. m., _frost, cold_: gen. sg. forstes bend, 1610.

for-þam, for-þan, for-þon, adv. and conj., _therefore, on that account,
then_: forþam, 149; forþan, 418, 680, 1060; forþon þe, _because_, 503.

fôn, st. v., _to catch, to grasp, to take hold, to take_: prs. sg. III.
fêhð ôðer tô, _another lays hold_ (takes possession), 1756; inf. ic mid
grâpe sceal fôn wið feónde, 439; pret. sg. him tôgeánes fêng, _caught at
him, grasped at him_, 1543; w. dat. he þâm frätwum fêng, _received the rich
adornments_ (Ongenþeów's equipment), 2990.

be-fôn, _to surround, to ensnare, to encompass, to embrace_: pret. part.
hyne sâr hafað ... nearwe befongen balwon bendum, 977; heó äðelinga ânne
häfde fäste befangen (_had seized him firmly_), 1296; helm ... befongen
freáwrâsnum (_encircled by an ornament like a diadem_), 1452; fenne
bifongen, _surrounded by the fen_, 2010; (draca) fýre befongen, _encircled
by fire_, 2275, 2596; häfde landwara lîge befangen, _encompassed by fire_,
2322.

ge-fôn, w. acc., _to seize, to grasp_: pret. he gefêng slæpendne rinc, 741;
gûðrinc gefêng atolan clommum, 1502; gefêng þâ be eaxle ... Gûðgeáta leód
Grendles môdor, 1538; gefêng þâ fetelhilt, 1564; hond rond gefêng, geolwe
linde, 2610; ic on ôfoste gefêng micle mid mundum mägen-byrðenne, _hastily
I seized with my hands the enormous burden_, 3091.

on-fôn, w. dat., _to receive, to accept, to take_: pres. imp. sg. onfôh
þissum fulle, _accept this cup_, 1170; inf. þät þät þeódnes bearn ...
scolde fäder-äðelum onfôn, _receive the paternal rank_, 912; pret. sg. hwâ
þäm hläste onfêng, _who received the ship's lading_, 52; hleór-bolster
onfêng eorles andwlitan, _the pillow received the nobleman's face_, 689;
similarly, 853, 1495; heal swêge onfêng, _the hall received the loud
noise_, 1215; he onfêng hraðe inwit-þancum, _he_ (Beówulf) _at once
clutched him_ (Grendel) _devising malice_, 749.

þurh-fôn, w. acc., _to break through with grasping, to destroy by
grasping_: inf. þät heó þone fyrd-hom þurh-fôn ne mihte, 1505.

wið-fôn, w. dat., _(to grasp at), to seize, to lay hold of_: pret. sg. him
fäste wið-fêng, 761.

ymbe-fôn, w. acc., _to encircle_: pret. heals ealne ymbefêng biteran bânum,
_encircled his_ (Beówulf's) _whole neck with sharp bones_ (teeth), 2692.

fôt, st. m., _foot_: gen. sg. fôtes trem (_the measure of a foot, a foot
broad_), 2526; acc. pl. fêt, 746; dat. pl. ät fôtum, _at the feet_, 500,
1167.

fôt-gemearc, st. n., _measure, determining by feet, number of feet_: gen.
sg. se wäs fîftiges fôtgemearces lang (_fifty feet long_), 3043.

fôt-lâst, st. m., _foot-print_: acc. sg. (draca) onfand feóndes fôt-lâst,
2290.

fracod, adj., _objectionable, useless_. nom. sg. näs seó ecg fracod
hilde-rince, 1576.

fram, from, I. prep. w. dat. loc. _away from something_: þær fram sylle
âbeág medubenc monig, 776, 1716; þanon eft gewiton ealdgesîðas ... fram
mere, 856; cyning-balde men from þäm holmclife hafelan bæron, 1636;
similarly, 541, 543, 2367. Standing after the dat.: he hine feor forwräc
... mancynne fram, 110; similarly, 1716. Also, _hither from something_: þâ
ic cwom ... from feóndum, 420; æghwäðrum wäs ... brôga fram ôðrum,
2566.--Causal with verbs of saying and hearing, _of, about, concerning_:
sägdest from his sîðe, 532; nô ic wiht fram þe swylcra searo-nîða secgan
hýrde, 581; þät he fram Sigemunde secgan hyrde, 876. II adv., _away,
thence_: nô þý ær fram meahte, 755; _forth, out_: from ærest cwom oruð
aglæcean ût of stâne, _the breath of the dragon came forth first from the
rock_ 2557.

fram, from, adj.: 1) _directed forwards, striving forwards_; in comp.
sîð-fram.--2) _excellent, splendid_, of a man with reference to his warlike
qualities: nom. sg. ic eom on môde from, 2528; nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,
1642, 2477. Of things: instr. pl. fromum feoh-giftum, 21.--Comp. un-from;
see freme, forma.

ge-frägen. See frignan.

frätwe, st. f. pl., _ornament, anything costly_, originally _carved
objects_ (cf. Dietrich in Hpts. Ztschr. X. 216 ff.), afterwards of any
costly and artistic work: acc. pl. frätwe, 2920; beorhte frätwe, 214;
beorhte frätwa, 897; frätwe.. eorclan-stânas, 1208; frätwe,...
breóst-weorðunge, 2504, both times of Hygelâc's collar; frätwe and
fät-gold, 1922; frätwe (Eanmund's sword and armor), 2621; dat. instr. pl.
þâm frätwum, 2164; on frätewum, 963; frätwum (Heaðobeard sword) hrêmig,
2055; frätwum, of the drake's treasures, 2785; frätwum (Ongenþeów's armor),
2990; gen. pl. fela ... frätwa, 37; þâra frätwa (drake's treasure), 2795;
frätwa hyrde (drake), 3134.

frätwan, w. v., _to supply with ornaments, to adorn_: inf. folc-stede
frätwan, 76.

ge-frätwian, w. v., _to adorn_: pret. sg. gefrätwade foldan sceátas leomum
and leáfum, 96; pret. part. þâ wäs hâten Heort innanweard folmum gefrätwod,
993.

ge-fræge, adj., _known by reputation, renowned_: nom. sg. leód-cyning ...
folcum gefræge, 55; swâ hyt gefræge wäs, 2481.

ge-fræge, st. n., _information through hearsay_: instr. sg. mine gefræge
(_as I learned through the narrative of others_), 777, 838, 1956, etc.

ge-frægnian, w. v., _to become known through hearsay_: pret. part. fylle
gefrægnod (of Grendel's mother, who had become known through the carrying
off of Äschere), 1334?

freca, w. m., properly _a wolf_, as one that breaks in, robs; here a
designation of heroes: nom. sg. freca Scildinga, of Beówulf, 1564.--Comp.:
gûð-, hilde-, scyld-, sweord-, wîg-freca; ferð-frec (adj.).

fremde, adj., properly _distant, foreign_; then _estranged, hostile_: nom
sg. þät wäs fremde þeód êcean dryhtne, of the giants, 1692.

freme, adj., _excellent, splendid_: nom. sg. fem. fremu folces cwên, of
Þryðo, 1933(?).

fremman, w. v., _to press forward, to further_, hence: 1) in general, _to
perform, to accomplish, to do, to make_: pres. subj. without an object,
fremme se þe wille, _let him do (it) whoever will_, 1004. With acc.: imp.
pl. fremmað ge nu leóda þearfe, 2801; inf. fyrene fremman, 101; säcce
fremman, 2500; fæhðe ... mærðum fremman, 2515, etc.; pret. sg. folcræd
fremede (_did what was best for his men_, i.e. ruled wisely), 3007; pl. hû
þâ äðelingas ellen fremedon, 3; feohtan fremedon, 960; nalles fâcenstafas
... þenden fremedon, 1020; pret. subj. þät ic ... mærðo fremede, 2135. --2)
_to help on, to support_: inf. þät he mec fremman wile wordum and worcum
(to an expedition), 1833.

ge-fremman, w. acc., _to do, to make, to render_: inf. gefremman eorlîc
ellen, 637; helpan gefremman, _to give help_, 2450; äfter weáspelle wyrpe
gefremman, _to work a change after sorrow_ (to give joy after sorrow),
1316; gerund, tô gefremmanne, 174, 2645; pret. sg. gefremede, 135, 165,
551, 585, etc.; þeáh þe hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede,
_placed him away, above all men_, i.e. raised him, 1719; pret. pl.
gefremedon, 1188, 2479; pret. subj. gefremede, 177; pret. part. gefremed,
476; fem, nu scealc hafað ... dæd gefremede, 941; absolutely, þu þe self
hafast dædum gefremed, þät ..., _hast brought it about by thy deeds that_,
955.

fretan, st. v., _to devour, to consume_: inf. þâ (the precious things)
sceal brond fretan, 3015; nu sceal glêd fretan wîgena strengel, 3115; pret.
sg. (Grendel) slæpende frät folces Denigea fýftyne men, 1582.

frêcne, adj., _dangerous, bold_: nom. sg. frêcne fýr-draca, 2690;
feorh-bealo frêcne, 2251, 2538; acc. sg. frêcne dæde, 890; frêcne fengelâd,
1360; frêcne stôwe, 1379; instr. sg. frêcnan spræce (_through provoking
words_), 1105.

frêcne, adv., _boldly, audaciously_, 960, 1033, 1692.

freá, w. m., _ruler, lord_, of a temporal ruler: nom. sg. freá, 2286; acc.
sg. freán, 351, 1320, 2538, 3003, 3108; gen. sg. freán, 359, 500, 1167,
1681; dat. sg. freán, 271, 291, 2663. Of a husband: dat. sg. eode ... tô
hire freán sittan, 642. Of God: dat. sg. freán ealles, _the Lord of all_,
2795; gen. sg. freán, 27.-- Comp.: âgend-, lîf-, sin-freá.

freá-dryhten, st. m., _lord, ruling lord_: gen. sg. freá-drihtnes, 797.

freá-wine, st. m., _lord and friend, friendly ruler_: nom. sg. freá-wine
folces (folca), 2358, 2430; acc. sg. his freá-wine, 2439.

freá-wrâsn, st. f., _encircling ornament like a diadem_: instr. pl. helm
... befongen freáwrâsnum, 1452; see wrâsn.

freoðu, friðu, f., _protection, asylum, peace_: acc. sg. wel bið þäm þe môt
... tô fäder fäðmum freoðo wilnian, _who may obtain an asylum in God's
arms_, 188; neán and feorran þu nu [friðu] hafast, 1175.--Comp. fen-freoðo.

freoðo-burh, st. f., _castle, city affording protection_: acc. sg.
freoðoburh fägere, 522.

freoðo-wong, st. m., _field of peace, field of protection_: acc. sg., 2960;
seems to have been the proper name of a field.

freoðo-wær, st. f., _peace-alliance, security of peace_: acc. sg. þâ hie
getrûwedon on twâ healfa fäste frioðu-wære, 1097; gen. sg. frioðowære bäd
hlâford sînne, _entreated his lord for the protection of peace_ (i.e. full
pardon for his delinquency), 2283.

freoðo-webbe, w. f., _peace-weaver_, designation of the royal consort
(often one given in marriage as a confirmation of a peace between two
nations): nom. sg., 1943.

freó-burh, st. f., = freá-burg (?), _ruler's castle_ (?) (according to
Grein, arx ingenua): acc. sg. freóburh, 694.

freód, st. f., _friendship_: acc. sg. freóde ne woldon ofer heafo healdan,
2477; gen. sg. näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan, _was no longer time to
seek for friendship_, 2557; --_favor, acknowledgement_: acc. sg. ic þe
sceal mîne gelæstan freóde (_will show myself grateful_, with reference to
1381 ff.), 1708.

freó-dryhten (= freá-dryhten), st. m., _lord, ruler_; according to Grein,
dominus ingenuus vel nobilis: nom. sg. as voc. freó-drihten min! 1170; dat.
sg. mid his freó-dryhtne, 2628.

freógan, w. v., _to love; to think of lovingly_: pres. subj. þät mon his
wine-dryhten ... ferhðum freóge, 3178; inf. nu ic þec ... me for sunu wylle
freógan on ferhðe, 949.

freó-lîc, adj., _free, free-born_ (here of the lawful wife in contrast with
the bond concubine): nom. sg. freólîc wîf, 616; freólîcu folc-cwên, 642.

freónd, st. m., _friend_: acc. sg. freónd, 1386, 1865; dat. pl. freóndum,
916, 1019, 1127; gen. pl. freónda, 1307, 1839.

freónd-laðu, st. f., _friendly invitation_: nom. sg. him wäs ful boren and
freónd-laðu (_friendly invitation to drink_) wordum bewägned, 1193.

freónd-lâr, st. f., _friendly counsel_: dat. (instr.) pl. freónd-lârum,
2378.

freónd-lîce, adv., _in a friendly manner, kindly_: compar. freónd-lîcor,
1028.

freónd-scipe, st. m., _friendship_: acc. sg. freónd-scipe fästne, 2070.

freó-wine, st. m. (see freáwine), _lord and friend, friendly ruler_;
according to Grein, amicus nobilis, princeps amicus: nom. sg. as voc.
freó-wine folca! 430.

fricgean, w. v., _to ask, to inquire into_: inf. ongan sînne geseldan fägre
fricgean hwylce Sæ-Geáta sîðas wæron, 1986; pres. part, gomela Scilding
fela fricgende feorran rehte, _the old Scilding, asking many questions_
(having many things related to him), _told of old times_ (the conversation
was alternate), 2107.

ge-fricgean, _to learn, to learn by inquiry_: pres. pl. syððan hie
ge-fricgeað freán ûserne ealdorleásne, _when they learn that our lord is
dead_, 3003; pres. subj. gif ic þät gefricge, þät..., 1827; pl. syððan
äðelingas feorran gefricgean fleám eówerne, 2890.

friclan (see freca), w. v. w. gen., _to seek, to desire, to strive for_:
inf. näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan, 2557.

friðo-sib, st. f., _kin for the confirming of peace_, designation of the
queen (see freoðo--webbe), _peace-bringer_: nom. sg. friðu-sibb folca,
2018.

frignan, fringan, frinan, st. v., _to ask, to inquire_: imp. ne frin þu
äfter sælum, _ask not after the well-being!_ 1323; inf. ic þäs wine Deniga
frinan wille ... ymb þînne sîð, 351; pret. sg. frägn, 236, 332; frägn gif
..., _asked whether_ ..., 1320.

ge-frignan, ge-fringan, ge-frinan, _to find out by inquiry, to learn by
narration._ pret. sg. (w. acc.) þät fram hâm gefrägn Higelâces þegn
Grendles dæda, 194; nô ic gefrägn heardran feohtan, 575; (w. acc. and inf.)
þâ ic wîde gefrägn weorc gebannan, 74; similarly, 2485, 2753, 2774; ne
gefrägen ic þâ mægðe mâran weorode ymb hyra sincgyfan sêl gebæran, _I never
heard that any people, richer in warriors, conducted itself better about
its chief_, 1012; similarly, 1028; pret. pl. (w. acc.) we þeódcyninga þrym
gefrunon, 2; (w. acc. and inf.) geongne gûðcyning gôdne gefrunon hringas
dælan, 1970; (parenthetical) swâ guman gefrungon, 667, (after þonne)
medo-ärn micel (_greater_) ... þone yldo bearn æfre gefrunon, 70; pret.
part. häfde Higelâces hilde gefrunen, 2953; häfdon gefrunen þät..., _had
learned that_ ..., 695; häfde gefrunen hwanan sió fæhð ârâs, 2404;
healsbeága mæst þâra þe ic on foldan gefrägen häbbe, 1197.

from, See fram.

frôd, adj.: 1) ætate provectus, _old, gray_: nom. sg. frôd, 2626, 2951;
frôd cyning, 1307, 2210; frôd folces weard, 2514; wintrum frôd, 1725, 2115,
2278; se frôda, 2929; ac. sg. frôde feorhlege (_the laying down of my old
life_), 2801; dat. sg. frôdan fyrnwitan (may also, from its meaning, belong
under No. 2), 2124.--2) mente excellentior, _intelligent, experienced,
wise_: nom. sg. frôd, 1367; frôd and gôd, 279; on môde frôd, 1845.--Comp.:
in-, un-frôd.

frôfor, st. f., _consolation, compensation, help_: nom. sg. frôfor, 2942;
acc. sg. frôfre, 7, 974; fyrena frôfre, 629; frôfre and fultum, 1274;
frôfor and fultum, 699; dat. sg. tô frôfre, 14, 1708; gen. sg. frôfre, 185.

fruma (see forma), w. m., _the foremost_, hence: l) _beginning_: nom. sg.
wäs se fruma egeslîc leódum on lande, swâ hyt lungre wearð on hyra
sincgifan sâre geendod (_the beginning of the dragon-combat was terrible,
its end distressing through the death of Beówulf_), 2310.--2) _he who
stands first, prince_; in comp. dæd-, hild-, land-, leód-, ord-, wîg-fruma.

frum-cyn, st. n., (genus primitivum), _descent, origin_: acc. sg. nu ic
eówer sceal frumcyn witan, 252.

frum-gâr, st. m., primipilus, _duke, prince_: dat. sg. frumgâre (of
Beówulf), 2857.

frum-sceaft, st. f., prima creatio, _beginning_: acc. sg. se þe cûðe
frumsceaft fira feorran reccan, _who could tell of the beginning of mankind
in old times_, 91; dat. sg. frum-sceafte, _in the beginning_, i.e at his
birth, 45.

fugol, st. m., _bird_: dat. sg. fugle gelîcost, 218; dat. pl. [fuglum] tô
gamene, 2942.

ful, adj., _full, filled_: nom. sg. w. gen. pl. se wäs innan full wrätta
and wîra, 2413.--Comp.: eges-, sorh-, weorð-ful.

ful, adv., plene, _very_: ful oft, 480; ful-oft, 952.

ful, st. n., _cup, beaker_: nom. sg., 1193; acc. sg. ful, 616, 629, 1026;
ofer ýða ful, _over the cup of the waves_ (the basin of the sea filled with
waves), 1209; dat. sg. onfôh þissum fulle, 1170.--Comp.: medo-, sele-full.

fullæstian, w. v. w. dat, _to give help_: pres. sg. ic þe fullæstu, 2669.

fultum, st. m., _help, support, protection_: acc. sg. frôfor (frôfre) and
fultum, 699, 1274; mägenes fultum, 1836; on fultum, 2663.--Comp.
mägen-fultum.

fundian, w. v., _to strive, to have in view_: pres. pl. we fundiað Higelâc
sêcan, 1820; pret. sg. fundode of geardum, 1138.

furðum, adv., primo, _just, exactly; then first_: þâ ic furðum weóld folce
Deninga, _then first governed the people of the Danes_ (had just assumed
the government), 465; þâ hie tô sele furðum ... gangan cwômon, 323; ic þær
furðum cwom tô þam hringsele, 2010;--_before, previously_: ic þe sceal mîne
gelæstan freóde, swâ wit furðum spræcon, 1708.

furður, adv., _further, forward, more distant_, 254, 762, 3007.

fûs, adj., _inclined to, favorable, ready_: nom. sg. nu ic eom sîðes fûs,
1476; leófra manna fûs, _prepared for the dear men_, i.e. expecting them,
1917; sigel sûðan fûs, _the sun inclined from the south_ (midday sun),
1967; se wonna hrefn fûs ofer fægum, _eager over the slain_, 3026; sceft
... feðer-gearwum fûs, 3120; nom. pl. wæron ... eft to leódum fûse tô
farenne, 1806.--Sometimes fûs means _ready for death_, moribundus: fûs and
fæge, 1242.--Comp.: hin-, ût-fûs.

fûs-lîc, adj., _prepared, ready_: acc. sg. fûs-lîc f[yrd]-leóð, 1425;
fyrd-searo fûs-lîc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fûs-lîcu, 232.

fyl, st. m., _fall_: nom. sg. fyll cyninges, _the fall of the king_ (in the
dragon-fight), 2913; dat. sg. þät he on fylle wearð, _that he came to a
fall, fell_, 1545.--Comp. hrâ-fyl.

fylce (collective form from folc), st. n., _troop, band of warriors_: in
comp. äl-fylce.

ge-fyllan (see feal), w. v., _to fell, to slay in battle_: inf. fâne
gefyllan, _to slay the enemy_, 2656; pret. pl. feónd gefyldan, _they had
slain the enemy_, 2707.

â-fyllan (see ful), w. v., _to fill_: pret. part. Heorot innan wäs freóndum
âfylled (_was filled with trusted men_), 1019.

fyllo, st. f. (_plenty, abundant meal_: dat. (instr.) sg. fylle gefrægnod,
1334; gen. sg. näs hie þære fylle gefeán häfdon, 562; fylle gefægon,
1015.--Comp.: wäl-, wist-fyllo.

fyl-wêrig, adj., _weary enough to fall, faint to death_, moribundus: acc.
sg. fyl-wêrigne, 963.

fyr. See feor.

fyrian, w. v. w. acc. (= ferian) _to bear, to bring, carry_: pret. pl. þâ
þe gif-sceattas Geáta fyredon þyder tô þance, 378.

fyras. See firas.

fyren. See firen.

fyrde, adj., _movable, that can be moved_.--Comp. hard-fyrde.--Leo.

fyrd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade on an expedition, companion in battle_:
dat. pl. fyrd-gesteallum, 2874

fyrd-ham, st. m., _war-dress, coat of mail_: acc. sg. þone fyrd-hom, 1505.

fyrd-hrägl, st. n., _coat of mail, war-dress_: acc. sg. fyrd-hrägl, 1528.

fyrd-hwät, adj., _sharp, good in war, warlike_: nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,
1642, 2477.

fyrd-leóð, st. n., _war-song, warlike music_: acc. sg. horn stundum song
fûslîc f[yrd]leoð, 1425.

fyrd-searu, st. n., _equipment for an expedition_: acc. sg. fyrd-searu
fûslîc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fûslîcu, 232.

fyrd-wyrðe, adj., _of worth in war, excellent in battle_: nom. sg.
fyrd-wyrðe man (Beówulf), 1317.

ge-fyrðran (see forð), w. v., _to bring forward, to further_: pret. part.
âr wäs on ôfoste, eftsîðes georn, frätwum gefyrðred, _he was hurried
forward by the treasure_ (i.e. after he had gathered up the treasure, he
hasted to return, so as to be able to show it to the mortally-wounded
Beówulf), 2785.

fyrmest. See forma.

fyrn-dagas, st. m. pl., _by-gone days_: dat. pl. fyrndagum (_in old
times_), 1452.

fyrn-geweorc, st. n., _work, something done in old times_: acc. sg. fira
fyrn-geweorc (the drinking-cup mentioned in 2283), 2287.

fyrn-gewin, st. n., _combat in ancient times_: gen. sg. ôr fyrn-gewinnes
(_the origin of the battles of the giants_), 1690.

fyrn-man, st. m., _man of ancient times_: gen. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, 2762.

fyrn-wita, w. m., _counsellor ever since ancient times, adviser for many
years_: dat. sg. frôdan fyrnwitan, of Äschere, 2124.

fyrst, st. m., _portion of time, definite time, time_: nom. sg. näs hit
lengra fyrst, ac ymb âne niht ..., 134; fyrst forð gewât, _the time_ (of
going to the harbor) _was past_, 210; näs þær mâra fyrst freóde tô friclan,
2556; acc. sg. niht-longne fyrst, 528; fîf nihta fyrst, 545; instr. sg. þý
fyrste, 2574; dat. sg. him on fyrste gelomp ..., _within the fixed time_,
76.

fyr-wit, -wet, -wyt, st. n., _prying spirit, curiosity_: nom. sg. fyrwyt,
232; fyrwet, 1986, 2785.

ge-fýsan (fûs), w. v., _to make ready, to prepare_: part. winde gefýsed
flota, _the ship provided with wind_ (for the voyage), 217; (wyrm) fýre
gefýsed, _provided with fire_, 2310; þâ wäs hringbogan (of the drake)
heorte gefýsed säcce tô sêceanne, 2562; with gen., in answer to the
question, for what? gûðe gefýsed, _ready for battle, determined to fight_,
631.

fýr, st. n., _fire_: nom. sg., 1367, 2702, 2882; dat. sg. fýre, 2220; as
instr. fýre, 2275, 2596; gen. sg. fýres fäðm, 185; fýres feng, 1765.--
Comp.: âd-, bæl-, heaðu-, wäl-fýr.

fýr-bend, st. m., _band forged in fire_: dat. pl. duru ... fýr-bendum fäst,
723.

fýr-draca, w. m., _fire-drake, fire-spewing dragon_: nom. sg., 2690.

fýr-heard, adj., _hard through fire, hardened in fire_: nom. pl. (eoforlîc)
fâh and fýr-heard, 305.

fýr-leóht, st. n., _fire-light_: acc. sg., 1517.

fýr-wylm, st. m., _wave of fire, flame-wave_: dat. pl. wyrm ... fýrwylmum
fâh, 2672.


G

galan, st. v., _to sing, to sound_: pres. sg. sorh-leóð gäleð, 2461; inf.
gryre-leóð galan, 787; bearhtm ongeâton, gûðhorn galan, _heard the clang,
the battle-trumpet sound_, 1433.

â-galan, _to sing, to sound_: pret. sg. þät hire on hafelan hringmæl âgôl
grædig gûðleóð, _that the sword caused a greedy battle-song to sound upon
her head_, 1522.

gamban, or, according to Bout., gambe, w. f., _tribute, interest_: acc. sg.
gomban gyldan, 11.

gamen, st. n., _social pleasure, rejoicing, joyous doings_: nom. sg. gamen,
1161; gomen, 2460; gomen gleóbeámes, _the pleasure of the harp_, 2264; acc.
sg. gamen and gleódreám, 3022; dat. sg. gamene, 2942; gomene, 1776.--Comp.
heal-gamen.

gamen-wâð, st. f., _way offering social enjoyment, journey in joyous
society_: dat. sg. of gomen-wâðe, 855.

gamen-wudu, st. m., _wood of social enjoyment_, i.e. harp: nom. sg. þær wäs
... gomenwudu grêted, 1066; acc. sg. gomenwudu grêtte, 2109.

gamol, gomol, gomel, adj., _old_; of persons, _having lived many years,
gray_: gamol, 58, 265; gomol, 3096; gomel, 2113, 2794; se gomela, 1398;
gamela (gomela) Scylding, 1793, 2106; gomela, 2932; acc. sg. þone gomelan,
2422; dat. sg. gamelum rince, 1678; gomelum ceorle, 2445; þam gomelan,
2818; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe gomele, 1596.--Also, _late, belonging to former
time_: gen. pl. gomelra lâfe (_legacy_), 2037.--Of things, _old, from old
times_: nom. sg. sweord ... gomol, 2683; acc. sg. gomele lâfe, 2564; gomel
swyrd, 2611; gamol is a more respectful word than eald.

gamol-feax, adj., _with gray hair_: nom. sg., 609.

gang, st. m.: 1) _gait, way_: dat. sg. on gange, 1885; gen. sg. ic hine ne
mihte ... ganges ge-twæman, _could not keep him from going_, 969.--2)
_step, foot-step_: nom. sg. gang (the foot-print of the mother of Grendel),
1405; acc. sg. uton hraðe fêran Grendles mâgan gang sceáwigan, 1392.--Comp.
in-gang.

be-gang, bi-gang, st. m., (_so far as something goes_), _extent_: acc. sg.
ofer geofenes begang, _over the extent of the sea_, 362; ofer flôda begang,
1827; under swegles begong, 861, 1774; flôda begong, 1498; sioleða bigong,
2368.

gangan. See under gân.

ganot, st. m., _diver_, fulica marina: gen. sg. ofer ganotes bäð (i.e. the
sea), 1862.

gâd, st. n., _lack_: nom. sg. ne bið þe wilna gâd (_thou shalt have no lack
of desirable_ [valuable] _things_), 661; similarly, 950.

gân, _expanded =_ gangan, st. v., _to go_: pres. sg. III. gæð â Wyrd swâ
hió scel, 455; gæð eft ... tô medo, 605; þonne he ... on flett gæð, 2035;
similarly, 2055; pres. subj. III. sg. gâ þær he wille, _let him go whither
he will_, 1395; imp. sg. II. gâ nu tô setle, 1783; nu þu lungre geong, hord
sceáwian, under hârne stân, 2744; inf. in gân, _to go in_, 386, 1645 'forð
gân, _to go forth, to go thither_, 1164; þat hie him tô mihton gegnum
gangan, _to go towards, to go to_, 314; tô sele ... gangan cwômon, 324; in
a similar construction, gongan, 1643; nu ge môton gangan ... Hrôðgâr
geseón, 395; þâ com of môre ... Grendel gongan, _there came Grendel (going)
from the fen_, 712; ongeán gramum gangan, _to go to meet the enemy, to go
to the war_, 1035; cwom ... tô hofe gongan, 1975; wutun gangan tô, _let us
go thither_, 2649.--As preterite, serve, 1) geóng or gióng: he tô healle
geóng, 926; similarly, 2019; se þe on orde geóng, _who went at the head,
went in front, _3126; on innan gióng, _went in_, 2215; he ... gióng tô þäs
þe he eorðsele ânne wisse, _went thither, where he knew of that earth-hall,
_2410; þâ se äðeling, gióng, þät he bî wealle gesät, _then went the prince_
(Beówulf) _that he might sit down by the wall_, 2716.--2) gang: tô healle
gang Healfdenes sunu, 1010; similarly, 1296; gang þâ äfter flôre, _went
along the floor, along the hall_, 1317.--3) gengde (Goth. gaggida): he ...
beforan gengde ..., wong sceáwian, _went in front to inspect the fields_,
1413; gengde, also of riding, 1402.--4) from another stem, eode (Goth.
iddja): eode ellenrôf, þät he for eaxlum gestôd Deniga freán, 358;
similarly, 403; [wið duru healle Wulfgâr eode], _went towards the door of
the hall_, 390; eode Wealhþeów forð, _went forth_, 613; eode tô hire freán
sittan, 641; eode yrremôd, _went with angry feeling_, 727; eode ... tô
sele, 919; similarly, 1233; eode ... þær se snottra bâd, 1313; eode weorð
Denum äðeling tô yppan, _the prince_ (Beówulf), _honored by the Danes, went
to the high seat_, 1815; eode ... under inwit-hrôf, 3124; pl. þær
swîðferhðe sittan eodon, 493; eodon him þâ tôgeánes, _went to meet him_,
1627; eodon under Earna näs, 3032.

â-gangan, _to go out, to go forth, to befall_: pret. part. swâ bit âgangen
wearð eorla manegum (_as it befell many a one of the earls_), 1235.

full-gangan, _to emulate, to follow after_: pret. sg. þonne ... sceft nytte
heóld, feðer-gearwum fûs flâne full-eode, _when the shaft had employment,
furnished with feathers it followed the arrow, did as the arrow_, 3120.

ge-gân, ge-gangan: 1) _to go, to approach_: inf. (w. acc.) his môdor ...
gegân wolde sorhfulne sîð, 1278; se þe gryre-sîðas gegân dorste, _who dared
to go the ways of terror_ (to go into the combat), 1463; pret. sg. se maga
geonga under his mæges scyld elne geeode, _went quickly under his kinsman's
shield_, 2677; pl. elne geeodon tô þäs þe ..., _went quickly thither where_
..., 1968; pret. part. syððan hie tô-gädre gegân häfdon, _when they_
(Wîglâf and the drake) _had come together_, 2631; þät his aldres wäs ende
gegongen, _that the end of his life had come_, 823; þâ wäs endedäg gôdum
gegongen, þät se gûðcyning ... swealt, 3037.--2) _to obtain, to reach_:
inf. (w. acc.) þonne he ät gûðe gegân þenceð longsumne lof, 1536; ic mid
elne sceall gold gegangan, 2537; gerund, näs þät ýðe ceáp tô gegangenne
gumena ænigum, 2417; pret. pl. elne geeodon ... þät se byrnwîga bûgan
sceolde, 2918; pret. part. häfde ... gegongen þät, _had attained it, that_
..., 894; hord ys gesceáwod, grimme gegongen, 3086.--3) _to occur, to
happen_: pres. sg. III. gif þät gegangeð þät ..., _if that happen, that_
..., 1847; pret. sg. þät geiode ufaran dôgrum hilde-hlämmum, _it happened
in later times to the warriors_ (the Geátas), 2201; pret. part. þâ wäs
gegongen guman unfrôdum earfoðlîce þät, _then it had happened to the young
man in sorrowful wise that_ ..., 2822.

ôð-gangan, _to-go thither_: pret. pl. oð þät hi ôðeodon ... in Hrefnesholt,
2935.

ofer-gangan, w. acc., _to go over_: pret. sg. ofereode þâ äðelinga bearn
steáp stân-hliðo, _went over steep, rocky precipices_, 1409; pl.
freoðo-wong þone forð ofereodon, 2960.

ymb-gangan, w. acc., _to go around_: pret. ymb-eode þâ ides Helminga duguðe
and geogoðe dæl æghwylcne, _went around in every part, among the superior
and the inferior warriors_, 621.

gâr, st. m., _spear, javelin, missile_: nom. sg., 1847, 3022; instr. sg.
gâre, 1076; blôdigan gâre, 2441; gen. sg. gâres fliht, 1766; nom. pl.
gâras, 328; gen. pl., 161(?).--Comp.: bon-, frum-gâr.

gâr-cêne, adj., _spear-bold_: nom. sg., 1959.

gâr-cwealm, st. m., _murder, death by the spear_: acc. sg. gâr-cwealm
gumena, 2044.

gâr-holt, st. n., _forest of spears_, i.e. crowd of spears: acc. sg., 1835.

gâr-secg, st. m. (cf. Grimm, in Haupt l. 578), _sea, ocean_: acc. sg. on
gâr-secg, 49, 537; ofer gâr-secg, 515.

gâr-wîga, w. m., _one who fights with the spear_: dat. sg. geongum
gâr-wîgan, of Wîglâf, 2675, 2812.

gâr-wîgend, pres. part., _fighting with spear, spear-fighter_: acc. pl.
gâr-wîgend, 2642.

gâst, gæst, st. m., _ghost, demon_: acc. sg. helle gâst (Grendel), 1275;
gen. sg. wergan gâstes (of Grendel), 133; (of the tempter), 1748; gen. pl.
dyrnra gâsta (Grendel's race), 1358; gæsta gîfrost (_flames consuming
corpses_), 1124.--Comp.: ellor-, geó-sceaft-gâst; ellen-, wäl-gæst.

gâst-bana, w. m., _slayer of the spirit_, i.e. the devil: nom. sg.
gâst-bona, 177.

gädeling, st. m., _he who is connected with another, relation, companion_:
gen. sg. gädelinges, 2618; dat. pl. mid his gädelingum, 2950.

ät-gädere, adv., _together, united_: 321, 1165, 1191; samod ätgädere, 329,
387, 730, 1064.

tô-gadere, adv., _together_, 2631.

gäst, gist, gyst, st. m., _stranger, guest_: nom. sg. gäst, 1801; se gäst
(the drake), 2313; se grimma gäst (Grendel), 102; gist, 1139, 1523; acc.
sg. gryre-lîcne gist (the nixy slain by Beówulf), 1442; dat. sg. gyste,
2229; nom. pl. gistas, 1603; acc. pl. gäs[tas], 1894.--Comp.: fêðe-,
gryre-, inwit-, nîð-, sele-gäst (-gyst).

gäst-sele, st. m., _hall in which the guests spend their time, guest-hall_:
acc. sg., 995.

ge, conj., _and_, 1341; ge ... ge ..., _as well ... as ..._, 1865; ge ...
ge ..., ge ..., 1249; ge swylce, _and likewise, and moreover_, 2259.

ge, pron., _ye, you_, plur. of þu, 237, 245, etc.

gegn-cwide, st. m., _reply_: gen. pl. þînra gegn-cwida, 367.

gegnum, adv., _thither, towards, away_, with the prep, tô, ofer, giving the
direction: þät hie him tô mihton gegnum gangan (_that they might go
thither_), 314; gegnum fôr [þâ] ofer myrcan môr, _away over the dark moor_,
1405.

gehðu, geohðu, st. f., _sorrow, care_: instr. sg. giohðo mænde, 2268; dat.
sg. on gehðo, 3096; on giohðe, 2794.

gen (from gegn), adv., _yet, again_. ne wäs hit lenge þâ gen, þät ..., _it
was not then long before_ ..., 83; ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymb Grendel,
_shall from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2071; nô þý ær ût þâ gen ...
gongan wolde (_still he would not yet go out_), 2082; gen is eall ät þe
lissa gelong (_yet all my favor belongs to thee_), 2150; þâ gen, _then
again_, 2678, 2703; swâ he nu gen dêð, _as he still does_, 2860; furður
gen, _further still, besides_, 3007; nu gen, _now again_, 3169; ne gen, _no
more, no farther_: ne wäs þät wyrd þâ gen, _that was no more fate_ (fate no
longer willed that), 735.

gena, _still_: cwico wäs þâ gena, _was still living_, 3094.

genga, w. m., _goer_; in comp. in-, sæ-, sceadu-genga.

gengde. See gân(3).

genge. See ûð-genge.

genunga (from gegnunga), adv., _precisely, completely_, 2872.

gerwan, gyrwan, w. v.: 1) _to prepare, to make ready, to put in condition_:
pret. pl. gestsele gyredon, 995.--2) _to equip, to arm for battle_: pret.
sg. gyrede hine Beówulf eorl-gewædum (_dressed himself in the armor_),
1442.

ge-gyrwan: 1) _to make, to prepare_: pret. pl. him þâ gegiredan Geáta leóde
âd ... unwâclîcne, 3138; pret. part. glôf ... eall gegyrwed deófles cräftum
and dracan fellum, 2088.--2) _to fit out, to make ready_: inf. ceól
gegyrwan hilde-wæpnum and heaðowædum, 38; hêt him ýðlidan gôdne gegyrwan,
_had (his) good ship fitted up for him_, 199. Also, _to provide warlike
equipment_: pret. part. syððan he hine tô gûðe gegyred häfde, 1473.--3) _to
endow, to provide, to adorn_: pret. part. nom. sg. beado-hrägl ... golde
gegyrwed, 553; acc. sg. lâfe ... golde gegyrede, 2193; acc. pl. mâdmas ...
golde gegyrede, 1029.

getan, w. v., _to injure, to slay_: inf., 2941.

be-gête, adj., _attainable_; in comp. êð-begête.

geador, adv., _unitedly, together, jointly_, 836; geador ätsomne, 491.

on-geador, adv., _unitedly, together_, 1596.

gealdor, st. n.: 1) _sound_: acc. sg. býman gealdor, 2944.--2) _magic song,
incantation, spell_: instr. sg. þonne wäs þät yrfe ... galdre bewunden
(_placed under a spell_), 3053.

gealga, w. m., _gallows_: dat. sg. þät his byre rîde giong on galgan, 2447.

gealg-môd, adj., _gloomy_: nom. sg. gîfre and galgmôd, 1278.

gealg-treów, st. n., _gallows_: dat. pl. on galg-treówu[m], 2941.

geard, st. m., _residence_; in Beówulf corresponding to the house-complex
of a prince's residence, used only in the plur.: acc. in geardas (_in
Finn's castle_), 1135; dat. in geardum, 13, 2460; of geardum, 1139; ær he
on weg hwurfe ... of geardum, _before he went away from his
dwelling-place_, i.e. died, 265.--Comp. middan-geard.

gearo, adj., properly, _made, prepared_; hence, _ready, finished,
equipped_: nom. sg. þät hit wearð eal gearo, heal-ärna mæst, 77; wiht
unhælo ... gearo sôna wäs, _the demon of destruction was quickly ready, did
not delay long_, 121; Here-Scyldinga betst beadorinca wäs on bæl gearu,
_was ready for the funeral-pile_ (for the solemn burning), 1110; þeód (is)
eal gearo, _the warriors are altogether ready, always prepared_, 1231;
hraðe wäs ät holme hýð-weard gearo (geara, MS.), 1915; gearo gûð-freca,
2415; sîe sió bær gearo ädre geäfned, _let the bier be made ready at once_,
3106. With gen.: gearo gyrnwräce, _ready for revenge for harm done_, 2119,
acc. sg. gearwe stôwe, 1007; nom. pl. beornas gearwe, 211; similarly, 1814.

gearwe, gearo, geare, adv., _completely, entirely_: ne ge ... gearwe ne
wisson, _you do not know at all_ ..., 246; similarly, 879; hine gearwe
geman witena welhwyle (_remembers him very well_), 265; wisse he gearwe þät
..., _he knew very well that_ ..., 2340, 2726; þät ic ... gearo sceáwige
swegle searogimmas (_that I may see the treasures altogether, as many as
they are_), 2749; ic wât geare þät ..., 2657.--Comp. gearwor, _more
readily, rather_, 3077.--Superl. gearwost, 716.

gearo-folm, adj., _with ready hand_, 2086.

gearwe, st. f., _equipment, dress_; in comp. feðer-gearwe.

geat, st. n., _opening, door_; in comp. ben-, hilde-geat.

geato-lîc, adj., _well prepared, handsome, splendid_: of sword and armor,
215, 1563, 2155; of Heorot, 308. Adv.: wîsa fengel geatolîc gengde, _passed
on in a stately manner_, 1402.

geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment, adornment_: acc. recedes geatwa, _the
ornaments of the dragon's cave_ (its treasures), 3089.--Comp.: eóred-,
gryre-, gûð-, hilde-, wîg-geatwe.

geán (from gegn), adv. in

on-geán, adv. and prep., _against, towards_: þät he me ongeán sleá, 682;
ræhte ongeán feónd mid folme, 748; foran ongeán, _forward towards_, 2365.
With dat.: ongeán gramum, _against the enemy_, 1035.

tô-geánes, tô-genes, prep, _against, towards_: Grendle tôgeánes, _towards
Grendel, against Grendel_, 667; grâp þâ tôgeánes, _she grasped at_
(Beówulf), 1502; similarly, him tôgeánes fêng, 1543; eodon him þâ tôgeánes,
_went towards him_, 1627; hêt þâ gebeódan ... þät hie bæl-wudu feorran
feredon gôdum tôgênes, _had it ordered that they should bring the wood from
far for the funeral-pyre towards the good man_ (i.e. to the place where the
dead Beówulf lay), 3115.

geáp, adj., _roomy, extensive, wide_: nom. sg. reced ... geáp, _the roomy
hall_, 1801; acc. sg. under geápne hrôf, 837.--Comp.: horn-, sæ-geáp.

geâr, st. n., _year_: nom. sg., 1135; gen. pl. geâra, in adverbial sense,
olim, _in former times_, 2665. See un-geâra.

geâr-dagas, st. m. pl., _former days_: dat. pl. in (on) geâr-dagum, 1,
1355.

geofe. See gifu.

geofon, gifen, gyfen (see Kuhn Zeitschr. I. 137), st. n., _sea, flood_:
nom. sg. geofon, 515; gifen geótende, _the streaming flood_, 1691; gen. sg.
geofenes begang, 362; gyfenes, 1395.

geogoð, st. f.: 1) _youth, time of youth_: dat. sg. on geogoðe, 409, 466,
2513; on giogoðe, 2427; gen. gioguðe, 2113.--2) contrasted with duguð, _the
younger warriors of lower rank_ (about as in the Middle Ages, the squires
with the knights): nom. sg. geogoð, 66; giogoð, 1191; acc. sg. geogoðe,
1182; gen. duguðe and geogoðe, 160; duguðe and iogoðe (geogoðe), 1675, 622.

geoguð-feorh, st. n., _age of youth_, i.e. age in which one still belongs
in the ranks of the geogoð: on geogoð- (geoguð-) feore, 537, 2665.

geohðo. See gehðo.

geolo, adj., _yellow_: acc. sg. geolwe linde (_the shield of yellow linden
bark_), 2611.

geolo-rand, st. m., _yellow shield_ (shield with a covering of interlaced
yellow linden bark): acc. sg., 438.

geond, prep. w. acc., _through, throughout, along, over_: geond þisne
middangeard, _through the earth, over the earth_, 75; wide geond eorðan,
266, 3100; fêrdon folctogan ... geond wîd-wegas, _went along the ways
coming from afar_, 841; similarly, 1705; geond þät säld, _through the hall,
through the extent of the hall_, 1281; similarly, 1982, 2265.

geong, adj., _young, youthful_: nom. sg., 13, 20, 855, etc.; giong, 2447;
w. m. se maga geonga, 2676; acc. sg. geongne gûðcyning, 1970; dat. sg.
geongum, 1949, 2045, 2675, etc.; on swâ geongum feore, _at a so youthful
age_, 1844; geongan cempan, 2627; acc. pl. geonge, 2019; dat. pl. geongum
and ealdum, 72.--Superl. gingest, _the last_: nom. sg. w. f. gingeste word,
2818.

georn, adj., _striving, eager_, w. gen. of the thing striven for: eft sîðes
georn, 2784.--Comp. lof-georn.

georne, adv., _readily, willingly_: þät him wine-mâgas georne hýrdon, 66;
georne trûwode, 670.--_zealously, eagerly_: sôhte georne äfter grunde,
_eagerly searched over the ground_, 2295.--_carefully, industriously_: nô
ic him þäs georne ätfealh (_held him not fast enough_), 969.--_completely,
exactly_: comp. wiste þê geornor, 822.

geó, iú, adv., _once, formerly, earlier_, 1477; gió, 2522; iú, 2460.

geóc, st. f., _help, support_: acc. sg. geóce gefremman, 2675; þät him
gâst-bona geóce gefremede wið þeód-þreáum, 177; geóce gelýfde, _believed in
the help_ (of Beówulf), 609; dat. sg. tô geóce, 1835.

geócor, adj., _ill, bad_: nom. sg., 766.--See Haupt's Zeitschrift 8, p. 7.

geó-man, iú-man, st. m., _man of former times_: gen. pl. iú-manna, 3053.

geó-meowle, w. f., (_formerly a virgin), wife_: acc. sg. ió-meowlan, 2932.

geômor, adj., _with depressed feelings, sad, troubled_: nom. sg. him wäs
geômor sefa, 49, 2420, 2633, 2951; môdes geômor, 2101; fem. þät wäs geômuru
ides, 1076.

geômore, adv., _sadly_, 151.

geômor-gid, st. n., _dirge_: acc. sg. giômor-gyd, 3151.

geômor-lîc, adj., _sad, painful_: swâ bið geômorlîc gomelum ceorle tô
gebîdanne þät..., _it is painful to an old man to experience it, that ..._,
2445.

geômor-môd, adj., _sad, sorrowful_: nom. sg., 2045, 3019; giômor-môd, 2268.

geômrian, w. v., _to complain, to lament_: pret. sg. geômrode giddum, 1119.

geó-sceaft, st. f., (_fixed in past times), fate_: acc. sg. geósceaft
grimme, 1235.

geósceaft-gâst, st. m., _demon sent by fate_: gen. pl. fela
geósceaft-gâsta, of Grendel and his race, 1267.

geótan, st. v. intrans., _to pour, to flow, to stream_: pres. part. gifen
geótende, 1691.

gicel, st. m., _icicle_: in comp. hilde-gicel.

gid, gyd, st. n., _speech, solemn alliterative song_: nom. sg. þær wäs ...
gid oft wrecen, 1066; leóð wäs âsungen, gleómannes gyd, _the song was sung,
the gleeman's lay_, 1161; þær wäs gidd and gleó, 2106; acc. sg. ic þis gid
âwräc, 1724; gyd âwräc, 2109; gyd äfter wräc, 2155; þonne he gyd wrece,
2447; dat. pl. giddum, 151, 1119; gen. pl. gidda gemyndig, 869.--Comp.:
geômor-, word-gid.

giddian, w. v., _to speak, to speak in alliteration_: pret. gyddode, 631.

gif, conj.: 1) _if_, w. ind., 442, 447, 527, 662, etc.; gyf, 945, etc. With
subj., 452, 594, 1482, etc.; gyf, 280, 1105, etc.--2) _whether_, w. ind.,
272; w. subj., 1141, 1320.

gifa, geofa, w. m., _giver_; in comp. gold-, sinc-, wil-gifa (-geofa).

gifan, st. v., _to give_: inf. giofan, 2973; pret. sg. nallas beágas geaf
Denum, 1720; he me [mâðmas] geaf, 2147; and similarly, 2174, 2432, 2624,
etc.; pret. pl. geâfon (hyne) on gârsecg, 49; pret. part. þâ wäs Hrôðgâre
here-spêd gyfen, 64; þâ wäs gylden hilt gamelum rince ... on hand gyfen,
1679; syððan ærest wearð gyfen ... geongum cempan (_given in marriage_),
1949.

â-gifan, _to give, to impart_: inf. andsware ... âgifan, _to give an
answer_, 355; pret. sg. sôna him se frôda fäder Ôhtheres ... ondslyht âgeaf
(_gave him a counter-blow_), (_hand-blow_?), 2930.

for-gyfan, _to give, to grant_: pret. sg. him þäs lîf-freá ... worold-âre
forgeaf, 17; þäm tô hâm forgeaf Hrêðel Geáta ângan dôhtor (_gave in
marriage_), 374; similarly, 2998; he me lond forgeaf, _granted me land_,
2493; similarly, 697, 1021, 2607, 2617; mägen-ræs forgeaf hilde-bille, _he
gave with his battle-sword a mighty blow_, i.e. he struck with full force,
1520.

of-gifan, (_to give up_), _to leave_: inf. þät se mæra maga Ecgþeówes
grund-wong þone ofgyfan wolde (_was fated to leave the earth-plain_), 2589;
pret. sg. þâs worold ofgeaf gromheort guma, 1682; similarly, gumdreám
ofgeaf, 2470; Dena land ofgeaf, 1905; pret. pl. näs ofgeâfon hwate
Scyldingas, _left the promontory_, 1601; þät þâ hildlatan holt ofgêfan,
_that the cowards left the wood_ (into which they had fled), 2847; sg.
pret. for pl. þâra þe þis [lîf] ofgeaf, 2252.

gifeðe, adj., _given, granted_: Gûðfremmendra swylcum gifeðe bið þät...,
_to such a warrior is it granted that_..., 299; similarly, 2682; swâ me
gifeðe wäs, 2492; þær me gifeðe swâ ænig yrfeweard äfter wurde, _if an
heir_, (living) _after me, had been given me_, 2731.--Neut. as subst.: wäs
þät gifeðe tô swîð, þe þone [þeóden] þyder ontyhte, _the fate was too harsh
that has drawn hither the king_, 3086; gyfeðe, 555, 820.--Comp. un-gifeðe.

gif-heal, st. f., _hall in which fiefs were bestowed, throne-hall_: acc.
sg. ymb þâ gifhealle, 839.

gif-sceat, st. m., _gift of value_: acc. pl. gif-sceattas, 378.

gif-stôl, st. m., _seat from which fiefs are granted, throne_: nom. sg.,
2328; acc. sg., 168.

gift, st. f., _gift, present_: in comp. feoh-gift.

gifu, geofu, st. f., _gift, present, grant; fief_: nom. sg. gifu, 1885 acc.
sg. gimfäste gife þe him god sealde, _the great gift that God had granted
him_ (i.e. the enormous strength), 1272; ginfästan gife þe him god sealde,
2183; dat. pl. (as instr.) geofum, 1959; gen. pl. gifa, 1931; geofena,
1174.--Comp.: mâððum-, sinc-gifu.

gigant, st. m., _giant_: nom. pl. gigantas, 113; gen. pl. giganta, 1563,
1691.

gild, gyld, st. n., _reparation_: in comp. wiðer-gyld(?).

gildan, gyldan, st. v., _to do something in return, to repay, to reward, to
pay_: inf. gomban gyldan, _pay tribute_, 11; he mid gôde gyldan wille
uncran eaferan, 1185; we him þâ gûðgeatwa gyldan woldon, 2637; pret. sg.
heaðoræsas geald mearum and mâðmum, _repaid the battles with horses and
treasures_, 1048; similarly, 2492; geald þone gûðræs ... Jofore and Wulfe
mid ofermâðmum, _repaid Eofor and Wulf the battle with exceedingly great
treasures_, 2992.

an-gildan, _to pay for_: pret. sg. sum sâre angeald æfenräste, _one_
(Äschere) _paid for the evening-rest with death's pain_, 1252.

â-gildan, _to offer one's self_: pret. sg. þâ me sæl âgeald, _when the
favorable opportunity offered itself_, 1666; similarly, þâ him rûm âgeald,
2691.

for-gildan, _to repay, to do something in return, to reward_: pres. subj.
sg. III. alwalda þec gôde forgylde, _may the ruler of all reward thee with
good_, 957; inf. þone ænne hêht golde forgyldan, _he ordered that the one_
(killed by Grendel) _be paid for_ (atoned for) _with gold_, 1055; he ...
wolde Grendle for-gyldan gûðræsa fela, _wished to pay Grendel for many
attacks_, 1578; wolde se lâða lîge forgyldan drinc-fät dýre, _the enemy
wished to repay with fire the costly drinking vessel_ (the theft of it),
2306; pret. sg. he him þäs leán forgeald, _he gave them the reward
therefore_, 114; similarly, 1542, 1585, 2095; forgeald hraðe wyrsan wrixle
wälhlem þone, _repaid the murderous blow with a worse exchange_, 2969.

gilp, gylp, st. m., _speech in which one promises great things for himself
in a coming combat, defiant speech, boasting speech_: acc. sg. häfde ...
Geát-mecga leód gilp gelæsted (_had fulfilled what he had claimed for
himself before the battle_), 830; nallas on gylp seleð fätte beágas, _gives
no chased gold rings for a boastful speech_, 1750; þät ic wið þone
gûðflogan gylp ofersitte, _restrain myself from the speech of defiance_,
2529; dat. sg. gylpe wiðgrîpan (_fulfil my promise of battle_),
2522.--Comp. dol-gilp.

gilpan, gylpan, st. v. w. gen., acc., and dat., _to make a defiant speech,
to boast, to exult insolently_: pres. sg. I. nô ic þäs gilpe (after a break
in the text), 587; sg. III. morðres gylpeð, _boasts of the murder_, 2056;
inf. swâ ne gylpan þearf Grendles maga ænig ... uhthlem þone, 2007; nealles
folc-cyning fyrdgesteallum gylpan þorfte, _had no need to boast of his
fellow-warrior_, 2875; pret. sg. hrêðsigora ne gealp goldwine Geáta, _did
not exult at the glorious victory_ (could not gain the victory over the
drake), 2584.

gilp-cwide, st. m., _speech in which a man promises much for himself for a
coming combat, speech of defiance_: nom. sg., 641.

gilp-hläden, pret. part., _laden with boasts of defiance_ (i.e. he who has
made many such boasts, and consequently has been victorious in many
combats), _covered with glory_: nom. sg. guma gilp-hläden, 869.

gilp-spræc, same as gilp-cwide, _speech of defiance, boastful speech_: dat.
sg. on gylp-spræce, 982.

gilp-word, st. n., _defiant word before the coming combat, vaunting word_:
gen. pl. gespräc ... gylp-worda sum, 676.

gim, st. m., _gem, precious stone, jewel_: nom. sg. heofones gim, _heaven's
jewel_, i.e. the sun, 2073. Comp. searo-gim.

gimme-rîce, adj., _rich in jewels_: acc. sg. gimme-rîce hord-burh häleða,
466.

gin (according to Bout., ginne), adj., properly _gaping_, hence, _wide,
extended_: acc. sg. gynne grund (_the bottom of the sea_), 1552.

gin-fäst, adj., _extensive, rich_: acc. sg. gim-fäste gife (gim-, on
account of the following _f_), 1272; in weak form, gin-fästan gife, 2183.

ginnan, st. v., original meaning, _to be open, ready_; in

on-ginnan, _to begin, to undertake_: pret. ôð þät ân ongan fyrene fremman
feónd on helle, 100; secg eft ongan sîð Beówulfes snyttrum styrian, 872; þâ
þät sweord ongan ... wanian, _the sword began to diminish_, 1606; Higelâc
ongan sînne geseldan ... fägre fricgean, _began with propriety to question
his companion_, 1984, etc.; ongon, 2791; pret. pl. nô her cûðlîcor cuman
ongunnon lindhäbbende, _no shield-bearing men e'er undertook more openly to
come hither_, 244; pret. part. häbbe ic mærða fela ongunnen on geogoðe,
_have in my youth undertaken many deeds of renown_, 409.

gist. See gäst.

gistran, adv., _yesterday_: gystran niht, _yesterday night_, 1335.

git, pron., _ye two_, dual of þu, 508, 512, 513, etc.

git, gyt, adv., _yet; then still_, 536, 1128, 1165, 2142; _hitherto_, 957;
næfre git, _never yet_, 583; _still_, 945, 1059, 1135; _once more_, 2513;
_moreover_, 47, 1051, 1867.

gitan (original meaning, _to take hold of, to seize, to attain_), in

be-gitan, w. acc., _to grasp, to seize, to reach_: pret. sg. begeat, 1147,
2231; þâ hine wîg beget, _when war seized him, came upon him_, 2873;
similarly, begeat, 1069; pret. pl. hit ær on þe gôde be-geâton, _good men
received it formerly from thee_, 2250; subj. sg. for pl. þät wäs Hrôðgâre
hreówa tornost þâra þe leódfruman lange begeâte, _the bitterest of the
troubles that for a long time had befallen the people's chief_, 2131.

for-gitan, w. acc., _to forget_: pres. sg. III. he þâ forðgesceaft forgyteð
and forgýmeð, 1752.

an-gitan, on-gitan, w. acc.: 1) _to take hold of, to grasp_: imp. sg.
gumcyste ongit, _lay hold of manly virtue, of what becomes the man_, 1724;
pret. sg. þe hine se brôga angeat, _whom terror seized_, 1292.--2) _to
grasp intellectually, to comprehend, to perceive, to distinguish, to
behold_: pres. subj. I. þät ic ærwelan ... ongite, _that I may behold the
ancient wealth_ (the treasures of the drake's cave), 2749; inf. säl timbred
... ongytan, 308, 1497; Geáta clifu ongitan, 1912; pret. sg. fyren-þearfe
ongeat, _had perceived their distress from hostile snares_, 14; ongeat ...
grund-wyrgenne, _beheld the she-wolf of the bottom_, 1519; pret. pl.
bearhtm ongeâton, gûðhorn galan, _perceived the noise_, (heard) _the
battle-trumpet sound_, 1432; syððan hie Hygelâces horn and býman gealdor
ongeâton, 2945.

gîfre, adj., _greedy, eager_: nom. sg. gîfre and galgmôd, of Grendel's
mother, 1278.--Superl.: lîg..., gæsta gîfrost, 1124.--Comp. heoro-gîfre.

gîtsian, w. v., _to be greedy_: pres. sg. III. gýtsað, 1750.

gio-, gió-. See geo-, geó-.

gladian, w. v., _to gleam, to shimmer_: pres. pl. III. on him gladiað
gomelra lâfe, _upon him gleams the legacy of the men of ancient times_
(armor), 2037.

gläd, adj., _gracious, friendly_ (as a form of address for princes): nom.
sg. beó wið Geátas gläd, 1174; acc. sg. glädne Hrôðgâr, 864; glädne
Hrôðulf, 1182; dat. sg. gladum suna Frôdan, 2026.

gläde, adv., _in a gracious, friendly way_, 58.

glädnian, w. v., _to rejoice_: inf. w. gen., 367.

gläd-môd, adj., _joyous, glad_, 1786.

glêd, st. f., _fire, flame_: nom. sg., 2653, 3115; dat. (instr.) pl.
glêdum, 2313, 2336, 2678, 3042.

glêd-egesa, w. m., _terror on account of fire, fire-terror_: nom. sg.
glêd-egesa grim (_the fire-spewing of the drake_), 2651.

gleáw (Goth, glaggwu-s), adj., _considerate, well-bred_, of social conduct;
in comp. un-gleáw.

gleó, st. n., _social entertainment_, (especially by music, play, and
jest): nom. sg. þær wäs gidd and gleó, 2106.

gleó-beám, st. m., _(tree of social entertainment, of music), harp._ gen.
sg. gleó-beámes, 2264.

gleó-dreám, st. _m., joyous carrying-on in social entertainment, mirth,
social gaiety_: acc. sg. gamen and gleó-dreám, 3022.

gleó-man, m., _(gleeman, who enlivens the social entertainment, especially
with music), harper_: gen. sg. gleómannes gyd, 1161.

glitinian (O.H.G. glizinôn), w. v., _to gleam, to light, to glitter_: inf.
geseah þâ ... gold glitinian, 2759.

glîdan, st. v., _to glide_: pret. sg. syððan heofones gim glâd ofer
grundas, _after heaven's gem had glided over the fields_ (after the sun had
set), 2074; pret. pl. glidon ofer gârsecg, _you glided over the ocean_
(swimming), 515.

tô-glîdan _(to glide asunder), to separate, to fall asunder_: pret.
gûð-helm tô-glâd (Ongenþeów's helmet was split asunder by the blow of
Eofor), 2488.

glôf, st. f., _glove_: nom. sg. glôf hangode, (on Grendel) _a glove hung_,
2086.

gneáð, adj., _niggardly_: nom. sg. f. näs hió ... tô gneáð gifa Geáta
leódum, _was not too niggardly with gifts to the people of the Geátas_,
1931.

gnorn, st. m., _sorrow, sadness_: acc. sg. gnorn þrowian, 2659.

gnornian, w. v., _to be sad, to complain_: pret. sg. earme ... ides
gnornode, 1118.

be-gnornian, w. acc., _to bemoan, to mourn for_: pret. pl. begnornodon ...
hlâfordes [hry]re, _bemoaned their lord's fall_, 3180.

god, st. m., _god_: nom. sg., 13, 72, 478, etc.; hâlig god, 381, 1554;
witig god, 686; mihtig god, 702; acc. sg. god, 812; ne wiston hie drihten
god, _did not know the Lord God_, 181; dat. sg. gode, 113, 227, 626, etc.;
gen. sg. godes, 570, 712, 787, etc.

gold, st. n., _gold_: nom. sg., 3013, 3053; icge gold, 1108; wunden gold,
_wound gold, gold in ring-form_, 1194, 3136; acc. sg. gold, 2537, 2759,
2794, 3169; hæðen gold, _heathen gold_ (that from the drake's cave), 2277;
brâd gold, _massive gold_, 3106; dat. instr. sg. golde, 1055, 2932, 3019;
fättan golde, _with chased gold, with gold in plate-form_, 2103; gehroden
golde, _covered with gold, gilded_, 304; golde gegyrwed (gegyrede),
_provided with, ornamented with gold_, 553, 1029, 2193; golde geregnad,
_adorned with gold_, 778; golde fâhne (hrôf), _the roof shining with gold_,
928; bunden golde, _bound with gold_ (see under bindan), 1901; hyrsted
golde (helm), _the helmet ornamented with, mounted with gold_, 2256; gen.
sg. goldes, 2302; fättan goldes, 1094, 2247; scîran goldes, _of pure gold_,
1695. --Comp. fät-gold.

gold-æht, st. f., _possessions in gold, treasure_: acc. sg., 2749.

gold-fâh, adj., _variegated with gold, shining with gold_: nom. sg. reced
... gold-fâh, 1801; acc. sg. gold-fâhne helm, 2812; nom. pl. gold-fâg
scinon web äfter wagum, _variegated with gold, the tapestry gleamed along
the walls_, 995.

gold-gifa, w. m., _gold-giver_, designation of the prince: acc. sg. mid
mînne goldgyfan, 2653.

gold-hroden, pret. part., _(covered with gold), ornamented with gold_: nom.
sg., 615, 641, 1949, 2026; epithet of women of princely rank.

gold-hwät, adj., _striving after gold, greedy for gold_: näs he goldhwät,
_he_ (Beówulf) _was not greedy for gold_ (he did not fight against the
drake for his treasure, cf. 3067 ff.) 3075.

gold-mâðm, st. m., _jewel of gold_: acc. pl. gold-mâðmas (the treasures of
the drake's cave), 2415.

gold-sele, st. m., _gold-hall_, i.e. the hall in which the gold was
distributed, ruler's hall: acc. sg., 716, 1254; dat. sg. gold-sele, 1640,
2084.

gold-weard, st. m., _gold-ward, defender of the gold_: acc. sg. (of the
drake), 3082.

gold-wine, st. m., _friend who distributes gold_, i.e. ruler, prince: nom.
sg. (partly as voc.) goldwine gumena, 1172, 1477, 1603; goldwine Geáta,
2420, 2585.

gold-wlanc, adj., _proud of gold_: nom. sg. gûðrinc goldwlanc (Beówulf
rewarded with gold by Hrôðgâr on account of his victory), 1882.

gomban, gomel, gomen. See gamban, gamal, gamen.

gong, gongan. See gang, gangan.

gôd, adj., _good, fit_, of persons and things: nom. sg., 11, 195, 864,
2264, 2391, etc.; frôd and gôd, 279; w. dat. cyning äðelum gôd, _the king
noble in birth_, 1871; gumcystum gôd, 2544; w. gen. wes þu ûs lârena gôd,
_be good to us with teaching_ (help us thereto through thy instruction),
269; in weak form, se gôda, 205, 355, 676, 1191, etc.; acc. sg. gôdne, 199,
347, 1596, 1970, etc.; gumcystum gôdne, 1487; neut. gôd, 1563; dat. sg.
gôdum, 3037, 3115; þäm gôdan, 384, 2328; nom. pl. gôde, 2250; þâ gôdan,
1164; acc. pl. gôde, 2642; dat. pl. gôdum dædum, 2179; gen. pl. gôdra
gûðrinca, 2649.--Comp. ær-gôd.

gôd, st. n.: 1) _good that is done, benefit, gift_: instr. sg. gôde, 20,
957, 1185; gôde mære, _renowned on account of her gifts_ (Þryðo), 1953;
instr. pl. gôdum, 1862.--2) _ability_, especially in fight: gen. pl. nât he
þâra gôda, 682.

gram, adj., _hostile_: gen. sg. on grames grâpum, _in the gripe of the
enemy_ (Beówulf), 766; nom. pl. þâ graman, 778; dat. pl. gramum, 424, 1035.

gram-heort, adj., _of a hostile heart, hostile_: nom. sg. grom-heort guma,
1683.

gram-hydig, adj., _with hostile feeling, maliciously inclined_: nom. sg.
gromhydig, 1750.

grâp, st. f., _the hand ready to grasp, hand, claw_: dat. sg. mid grâpe,
438; on grâpe, 555; gen. sg. eal ... Grendles grâpe, _all of Grendel's
claw, the whole claw_, 837; dat. pl. on grames grâpum, 766; (as instr.)
grimman grâpum, _with grim claws_, 1543.--Comp.: feónd-, hilde-grâp.

grâpian, w. v., _to grasp, to lay hold of, to seize_: pret. sg. þät hire
wið halse heard grâpode, _that_ (the sword) _griped hard at her neck_,
1567; he ... grâpode gearofolm, _he took hold with ready hand_, 2086.

gräs-molde, w. f., _grass-plot_: acc. sg. gräsmoldan träd, _went over the
grass-plot_, 1882.

grædig, adj., _greedy, hungry, voracious_: nom. sg. grim and grædig, 121,
1500; acc. sg. grædig gûðleóð, 1523.

græg, adj., _gray_: nom. pl. äsc-holt ufan græg, _the ashen wood, gray
above_ (the spears with iron points) 330; acc. pl. græge syrcan, _gray_
(i.e. iron) _shirts of mail_, 334.

græg-mæl, adj., _having a gray color_, here = _iron_: nom. sg. sweord
Beówulfes gomol and grægmæl, 2683.

græpe. See ät-græpe.

grêtan, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to greet, to salute_: inf. hine swâ gôdne
grêtan, 347; Hrôðgâr grêtan, 1647, 2011; eówic grêtan hêt (_bade me bring
you his last greeting_), 3096; pret. sg. grêtte Geáta leód, 626; grêtte þâ
guma ôðerne, 653; Hrôðgâr grêtte, 1817.-- 2) _to come on, to come near, to
seek out; to touch; to take hold of_: inf. gifstôl grêtan, _take possession
of the throne, mount it as ruler_, 168; näs se folccyning ænig ... þe mec
gûðwinum grêtan dorste (_attack with swords_), 2736; Wyrd ... se þone
gomelan grêtan sceolde, 2422; þät þone sin-scaðan gûðbilla nân grêtan
nolde, _that no sword would take hold upon the irreconcilable enemy_, 804;
pret. sg. grêtte goldhroden guman on healle, _the gold-adorned_ (queen)
_greeted the men in the hall_, 615; nô he mid hearme ... gästas grêtte,
_did not approach the strangers with insults_, 1894; gomenwudu grêtte,
_touched the wood of joy, played the harp_, 2109; pret. subj. II. sg. þät
þu þone wälgæst wihte ne grêtte, _that thou shouldst by no means seek out
the murderous spirit_ (Grendel), 1996; similarly, sg. III. þät he ne grêtte
goldweard þone, 3082; pret. part. þær wäs ... gomenwudu grêted, 1066.

ge-grêtan, w. acc.: 1) _to greet, to salute, to address_: pret. sg. holdne
gegrêtte meaglum wordum, _greeted the dear man with formal words_, 1981;
gegrêtte þâ gumena gehwylcne ... hindeman siðe, _spoke then the last time
to each of the men_, 2517.--2) _to approach, to come near, to seek out_:
inf. sceal ... manig ôðerne gôdum gegrêtan ofer ganotes bäð, _many a one
will seek another across the sea with gifts_, 1862.

greót, st. m., _grit, sand, earth_: dat. sg. on greóte, 3169.

greótan, st. v., _to weep, to mourn, to lament_: pres. sg. III. se þe äfter
sincgyfan on sefan greóteð, _who laments in his heart for the
treasure-giver_, 1343.

grim, adj., _grim, angry, wild, hostile_: nom. sg., 121, 555, 1500, etc.;
weak form, se grimma gäst, 102; acc. sg. m. grimne, 1149, 2137; fem,
grimme, 1235; gen. sg. grimre gûðe, 527; instr. pl. grimman grâpum,
1543.--Comp.: beado-, heaðo-, heoro-, searo-grim.

grimme, adv., _grimly, in a hostile manner, bitterly_, 3013, 3086.

grim-lîc, adj., _grim, terrible_: nom. sg. grimlîc gry[re-gäst], 3042.

grimman, st. v., (properly _to snort_), _to go forward hastily, to hasten_:
pret. pl. grummon, 306.

grindan, st. v., _to grind_, in

for-grindan, _to destroy, to ruin_: pret. sg. w. dat. forgrand gramum,
_destroyed the enemy, killed them_ (?), 424; pret. part. w. acc. häfde
lîgdraca leóda fästen ... glêdum forgrunden, _had with flames destroyed the
people's feasts_, 2336; þâ his âgen (scyld) wäs glêdum forgrunden, _since
his own (shield) had been destroyed by the fire_, 2678.

gripe, st. m., _gripe, attack_: nom. sg. gripe mêces, 1766; acc. sg. grimne
gripe, 1149.--Comp.: fær-, mund-, nîð-gripe.

grîma, w. m., _mask, visor_: in comp. beado-, here-grîma.

grîm-helm, st. m., _mask-helmet, helmet with visor_: acc. pl. grîm-helmas,
334.

grîpan, st. v., _to gripe, to seize, to grasp_: pret. sg. grâp þâ tôgeánes,
_then she caught at_, 1502.

for-grîpan _(to gripe vehemently), to gripe so as to kill, to kill by the
grasp_, w. dat.: pret. sg. ät gûðe forgrâp Grendeles mægum, 2354.
wið-grîpan, w. dat., _(to seize at), to maintain, to hold erect_: inf. hû
wið þam aglæcean elles meahte gylpe wið-grîpan, _how else I might maintain
my boast of battle against the monster_, 2522.

grôwan, st. v., _to grow, to sprout_: pret. sg. him on ferhðe greów
breósthord blôdreów, 1719.

grund, st. m.: 1) _ground, plain, fields_ in contrast with highlands;
_earth_ in contrast with heaven: dat. sg. sôhte ... äfter grunde, _sought
along the ground_, 2295; acc. pl. ofer grundas, 1405, 2074.--2) _bottom,
the lowest part_: acc. sg. grund (of the sea of Grendel), 1368; on gyfenes
grund, 1395; under gynne grund (_bottom of the sea_) 1552; dat. sg. tô
grunde (of the sea), 553; grunde (of the drake's cave) getenge, 2759; so,
on grunde, 2766.--Comp.: eormen-, mere-, sæ-grund.

grund-bûend, pres. part., _inhabitant of the earth_: gen. pl.
grund-bûendra, 1007.

grund-hyrde, st. m., _warder of the bottom_ (of the sea): acc. sg. (of
Grendel's mother), 2137.

grund-sele, st. m., _hall at the bottom_ (of the sea): dat sg. in þam
[grund]sele, 2140.

grund-wang, st. m., _ground surface, lowest surface_: acc. sg. þone
grund-wong (_bottom of the sea_), 1497; (bottom of the drake's cave), 2772,
2589.

grund-wyrgen, st. f., _she-wolf of the bottom_ (of the sea): acc. sg.
grund-wyrgenne (Grendel's mother), 1519.

gryn (cf. Gloss. Aldh. "retinaculum, rete grin," Hpts. Ztschr. IX. 429),
st. n., _net, noose, snare_: gen. pl. fela ... grynna, 931. See gyrn.

gryre, st. m., _horror, terror, anything causing terror_: nom. sg., 1283;
acc. sg. wið Grendles gryre, 384; hie Wyrd forsweóp on Grendles gryre,
_snatched them away into the horror of Grendel, to the horrible Grendel_,
478; dat. pl. mid gryrum ecga, 483; gen. pl. swâ fela gryra, 592.--Comp.:
fær-, wîg-gryre.

gryre-brôga, w. m., _terror and horror, amazement_: nom. sg.
[gryre-]br[ô]g[a], 2229.

gryre-fâh, adj., _gleaming terribly_: acc. sg. gryre-fâhne (_the
fire-spewing drake_, cf. also [draca] fýrwylmum fâh, 2672), 2577.

gryre-gäst, st. m., _terror-guest, stranger causing terror_: nom. sg.
grimlîc gry[regäst], 3042; dat. sg. wið þam gryregieste (the dragon), 2561.

gryre-geatwe, st. f. pl., _terror-armor, warlike equipment_: dat. pl. in
hyra gryre-geatwum, 324.

gryre-leóð, st. n., _terror-song, fearful song_: acc. sg. gehýrdon
gryreleóð galan godes and-sacan (_heard Grendel's cry of agony_), 787.

gryre-lîc, adj., _terrible, horrible_: acc. sg. gryre-lîcne, 1442, 2137.

gryre-sîð, st. m., _way of terror, way causing terror_, i.e. warlike
expedition: acc. pl. se þe gryre-sîðas gegân dorste, 1463.

guma, w. m., _man, human being_: nom. sg., 653, 869, etc.; acc. sg. guman,
1844, 2295; dat. sg. guman (gumum, MS.), 2822; nom pl. guman, 215, 306,
667, etc.; acc. pl. guman, 615; dat. pl. gumum, 127, 321; gen. pl. gumena,
73, 328, 474, 716, etc.--Comp.: driht-, seld-guma.

gum-cyn, st. n., _race of men, people, nation_: gen. sg. we synt gumcynnes
Geáta leóde, _people from the nation of the Geátas_, 260; dat. pl. äfter
gum-cynnum, _along the nations, among the nations_, 945.

gum-cyst, st. f., _man's excellence, man's virtue_: acc. sg. (or pl.)
gumcyste, 1724; dat. pl. as adv., _excellently, preeminently_: gumcystum
gôdne beága bryttan, 1487; gumcystum gôd ... hilde-hlemma (Beówulf), 2544.

gum-dreám, st. m., _joyous doings of men_: acc. sg. gum-dreám ofgeaf
(died), 2470.

gum-dryhten, st. m., _lord of men_: nom. sg. 1643.

gum-fêða, w. m., _troop of men going on foot_: nom. sg., 1402.

gum-man, st. m., _man_: gen. pl. gum-manna fela, 1029.

gum-stôl, st. m., _man's seat_ [Greek: kat'ezochæn] _ruler's seat, throne_:
dat. sg. in gumstôle, 1953.

gûð, st. f., _combat, battle_: nom. sg., 1124, 1659, 2484, 2537; acc. sg.
gûðe, 604; instr. sg. gûðe, 1998; dat. sg. tô (ät) gûðe, 438, 1473. 1536,
2354, etc.; gen. sg. gûðe, 483, 527, 631, etc.; dat. pl. gûðum, 1959, 2179;
gen. pl. gûða, 2513, 2544.

gûð-beorn, st. m., _warrior_: gen. pl. gûð-beorna sum (_the strand-guard on
the Danish coast_), 314.

gûð-bil, st. n., _battle-bill_: nom. sg. gûðbill, 2585; gen. pl. gûð-billa
nân, 804.

gûð-byrne, w. f., _battle-corselet_: nom. sg., 321.

gûð-cearu, st. f., _sorrow which the combat brings_: dat. sg. äfter
gûð-ceare, 1259.

gûð-cräft, st. m., _warlike strength, power in battle_: nom. sg. Grendles
gûð-cräft, 127.

gûð-cyning, st. m., _king in battle, king directing a battle_: nom. sg.,
199, 1970, 2336, etc.

gûð-deáð, st. m., _death in battle_: nom. sg., 2250.

gûð-floga, w. m., _flying warrior_: acc. sg. wið þone gûðflogan (the
drake), 2529.

gûð-freca, w. m., _hero in battle, warrior_ (see freca): nom. sg. gearo
gûð-freca, of the drake, 2415.

gûð-fremmend, pres. part., _fighting a battle, warrior_: gen. pl.
gûð-fremmendra, 246; gûð- (gôd-, MS.) fremmendra swylcum, _such a warrior_
(meaning Beówulf), 299.

gûð-gewæde, st. n., _battle-dress, armor_: nom. pl. gûð-gewædo, 227; acc.
pl. -gewædu, 2618, 2631(?), 2852, 2872; gen. pl. -gewæda, 2624.

gûð-geweorc, st. n., _battle-work warlike deed_: gen. pl., -geweorca, 679,
982, 1826.

gûð-geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment for combat_: acc. þâ gûð-geatwa
(-getawa, MS.), 2637; dat. in eówrum gûð-geatawum, 395.

gûð-helm, st. m., _battle-helmet_: nom. sg., 2488.

gûð-horn, st. n., _battle-horn_: acc. sg., 1433.

gûð-hrêð, st. f., _battle-fame_: nom. sg., 820.

gûð-leóð, st. n., _battle-song_: acc., sg., 1523.

gûð-môd, adj., _disposed to battle, having an inclination to battle_. nom.
pl. gûð-môde, 306.

gûð-ræs, st. m., _storm of battle, attack_: acc. sg., 2992; gen. pl.
gûð-ræsa, 1578, 2427.

gûð-reów, adj., _fierce in battle_: nom. sg., 58.

gûð-rinc, st. m., _man of battle, fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 839, 1119,
1882; acc. sg., 1502; gen. pl. gûð-rinca, 2649.

gûð-rôf, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg., 609.

gûð-sceaða, w. m., _battle-foe, enemy in combat_: nom. sg., of the drake,
2319.

gûð-scearu, st. f., _decision of the battle_: dat. sg. äfter gûð-sceare,
1214.

gûð-sele, st. m., _battle-hall, hall in which a battle takes place_: dat
sg. in þäm gûðsele (in Heorot), 443.

gûð-searo, st. n. pl., _battle-equipment, armor_; acc., 215, 328.

gûð-sweord, st. n., _battle-sword_: acc. sg., 2155.

gûð-wêrig, adj., _wearied by battle dead_: acc. sg. gûð-wêrigne Grendel,
1587.

gûð-wine, st. m., _battle-friend, comrade in battle_ designation of the
sword: acc. sg., 1811; instr. pl. þe mec gûð-winum grêtan dorste, _who
dared to attack me with his war-friends_, 2736.

gûð-wîga, w. m., _fighter of battles, warrior_: nom. sg., 2112.

gyd. See gid.

gyfan. See gifan.

gyldan. See gildan.

gylden, adj., _golden_: nom. sg. gylden hilt, 1678; acc. sg. segen
gyldenne, 47, 1022; bring gyldenne, 2810; dat. sg. under gyldnum beáge,
1164.--Comp. eal-gylden.

gylp. See gilp.

gyrdan, w. v., _to gird, to lace_: pret. part. gyrded cempa, _the (sword-)
girt warrior_, 2079.

gyrn, st. n., _sorrow, harm_: nom. sg., 1776.

gyrn-wracu, st. f., _revenge for harm_: dat. sg. tô gyrn-wräce, 1139; gen.
sg. þâ wäs eft hraðe gearo gyrn-wräce Grendeles môdor, _then was Grendel's
mother in turn immediately ready for revenge for the injury_, 2119.

gyrwan. See gerwan.

gystran. See gistran.

gýman, w. v. w. gen., _to take care of, to be careful about_: pres. III.
gýmeð, 1758, 2452; imp. sg. oferhyda ne gým! _do not study arrogance_
(despise it), 1761.

for-gýman, w. acc., _to neglect, to slight_: pres. sg. III. he þâ
forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgýmeð, 1752.

gýtsian. See gîtsian.

gyt. See git.


H

habban, w. v., _to have_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. I. þäs ic wên häbbe (_as I
hope_), 383; þe ic geweald häbbe, 951; ic me on hafu bord and byrnan, _have
on me shield and coat of mail_, 2525; hafo, 3001; sg. II. þu nu [friðu]
hafast, 1175; pl. I. habbað we ... micel ærende, 270; pres. subj. sg. III.
þät he þrittiges manna mägencräft on his mundgripe häbbe, 381. Blended with
the negative: pl. III. þät be Sæ-Geátas sêlran näbben tô geceósenne cyning
ænigne, _that the Sea-Geátas will have no better king than you to choose_,
1851; imp. hafa nu and geheald hûsa sêlest, 659; inf. habban, 446, 462,
3018; pret. sg. häfde, 79, 518, 554; pl. häfdon, 539.--2) used as an
auxiliary with the pret. part.: pres. sg. I. häbbe ic ... ongunnen, 408;
häbbe ic ... geâhsod, 433; II. hafast, 954, 1856; III. hafað, 474, 596;
pret. sg. häfde, 106, 220, 666, 2322, 2334, 2953, etc.; pl. häfdon, 117,
695, 884, 2382, etc. Pret. part. inflected: nu scealc hafað dæd gefremede,
940; häfde se gôda ... cempan gecorone, 205. With the pres. part. are
formed the compounds: bord-, rond-häbbend.

for-habban, _to hold back, to keep one's self_: inf. ne meahte wäfre môd
forhabban in hreðre, _the expiring life could not hold itself back in the
breast_, 1152; ne mihte þâ for-habban, _could not restrain himself_, 2610.

wið-habban, _to resist, to offer resistance_: pret. þät se wînsele
wið-häfde heaðo-deórum, _that the hall resisted them furious in fight_,
773.

hafela, heafola, w. m., _head_: acc. sg. hafelan, 1373, 1422, 1615, 1636,
1781; nâ þu mînne þearft hafalan hýdan, 446; þonne we on orlege hafelan
weredon, _protected our heads, defended ourselves_, 1328; se hwîta helm
hafelan werede, 1449; dat. sg. hafelan, 673, 1522; heafolan, 2680; gen. sg.
heafolan, 2698; nom. pl. hafelan, 1121.--Comp. wîg-heafola.

hafenian, w. v., _to raise, to uplift_: pret. sg. wæpen hafenade heard be
hiltum, _raised the weapon, the strong man, by the hilt_, 1574.

hafoc, st. m., _hawk_: nom. sg., 2264.

haga, w. m., _enclosed piece of ground, hedge, farm-enclosure_: dat. sg. tô
hagan, 2893, 2961.

haga, w. m. See ân-haga.

hama, homa, w. m., _dress_: in the comp. flæsc-, fyrd-, lîc-hama, scîr-ham
(adj.).

hamer, st. m., _hammer_: instr. sg. hamere, 1286; gen. pl. homera lâfe
(swords), 2830.

hand, hond, st. f., _hand_: nom. sg. 2138; sió swîðre ... hand, _the right
hand_, 2100; hond, 1521, 2489, 2510; acc. sg. hand, 558, 984; hond, 657,
687, 835, 928, etc.; dat. sg. on handa, 495, 540; mid handa, 747, 2721; be
honda, 815; dat. pl. (as instr.) hondum, 1444, 2841.

hand-bana, w. m., _murderer with the hand_, or _in hand-to-hand combat_:
dat. sg. tô hand-bonan (-banan), 460, 1331.

hand-gemôt, st. n., _hand-to-hand conflict, battle_: gen. pl. (ecg) þolode
ær fela hand-gemôta, 1527; nô þät läsest wäs hond-gemôta, 2356.

hand-gesella, w. m., _hand-companion, man of the retinue_: dat. pl.
hond-gesellum, 1482.

hand-gestealla, w. m., _(one whose position is near at hand), comrade,
companion, attendant_: dat. sg. hond-gesteallan, 2170; nom. pl.
hand-gesteallan, 2597.

hand-geweorc, st. n., _work done with the hands_, i.e. achievement in
battle: dat. sg. for þäs hild-fruman hondgeweorce, 2836.

hand-gewriðen, pret. part. _hand-wreathed, bound with the hand._ acc. pl.
wälbende ... hand-gewriðene, 1938.

hand-locen, pret. part., _joined, united by hand_: nom. sg. (gûð-byrne,
lîc-syrce) hondlocen (because the shirts of mail consisted of interlaced
rings), 322, 551.

hand-ræs, st. m., _hand-battle_, i.e. combat with the hands: nom. sg.
hond-ræs, 2073.

hand-scalu, st. f., _hand-attendance, retinue_: dat. sg. mid his hand-scale
(hond-scole), 1318, 1964.

hand-sporu, st. f., _finger_ (on Grendel's hand), under the figure of a
spear: nom. pl. hand-sporu, 987.

hand-wundor, st. n., _wonder done by the hand, wonderful handwork_: gen.
pl. hond-wundra mæst, 2769.

hangan. See hôn.

hangian, w. v., _to hang_: pres. sg. III. þonne his sunu hangað hrefne to
hrôðre, _when his son hangs, a joy to the ravens_, 2448; pl. III. ofer þäm
(mere) hongiað hrîmge bearwas, _over which frosty forests hang_, 1364; inf.
hangian, 1663; pret. hangode, _hung down_, 2086.

hatian, w. v. w. acc., _to hate, to be an enemy to, to hurt_: inf. he þone


 


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