Beowulf
by
James A. Harrison and Robert Sharp, eds.
Part 9 out of 11
sg. I., III. sceal beódan (_shall offer_), 384; so, 424, 438, 602, 637,
1061, 1707, 1856, 1863, 2070; sceall, 2499, 2509, etc.; II. scealt, 1708;
pl. wit sculon, 684; subj. pret. scolde, 280, 692, 911; sceolde, 3069.--3)
sculan sometimes forms a periphrastic phrase or circumlocution for a simple
tense, usually with a slight feeling of obligation or necessity: pres. sg.
he ge-wunian sceall (_he inhabits; is said to inhabit?_), 2276; pret. sg.
se þe wäter-egesan wunian scolde, 1261; wäcnan scolde (_was to awake_), 85;
se þone gomelan grêtan sceolde (_was to, should, approach_), 2422; þät se
byrn-wîga bûgan sceolde (_the corseleted warrior had to bow, fell_), 2919;
pl. þâ þe beado-grîman býwan sceoldon (_they that had to polish or deck the
battle-masks_), 2258; so, 230, 705, 1068.--4) w. omitted inf., such as
wesan, gangan: unc sceal worn fela mâðma ge-mænra (i.e. wesan). 1784; so,
2660; sceal se hearda helm ... fätum befeallen (i.e. wesan), 2256; ic him
äfter sceal (i.e. gangan), 2817; subj. þonne þu forð scyle (i.e. gangan),
1180. A verb or inf. expressed in an antecedent clause is not again
expressed with a subsequent sceal: gæð â Wyrd swâ hió scel (_Weird goeth
ever as it shall_ [go]), 455; gûð-bill ge-swâc swâ hit nô sceolde (i.e.
ge-swîcan), 2586.
scûa, w. m., _shadowy demon_: in comp. deáð-scûa.
scûfan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to move forward, hasten_: pret. part. þâ wäs
morgen-leóht scofen and scynded, 919.--2) w. acc., _to shove, push_: pret.
pl. guman ût scufon ... wudu bundenne (_pushed the vessel from the land_),
215; dracan scufun ... ofer weall-clif (_pushed the dragon over the
wall-like cliff_), 3132. See wîd-scofen(?)
be-scûfan, w. acc., _to push, thrust down, in_: inf. wâ bið þäm þe sceal
... sâwle be-scûfan in fýres fäðm (_woe to him that shall thrust his soul
into fire's embrace_), 184.
scûr, st. m., _shower, battle-shower_: in comp. îsern-scûr.
scûr-heard, adj., _fight-hardened? (file-hardened?_): nom. pl. scûr-heard,
1034.
scyld, scyldan. See scild, scildan.
scyldig, adj., _under obligations_ or _bound for; guilty of_, w. gen. and
instr.: ealdres (morðres) scyldig, 1339, 1684, 2062; synnum scyldig
(_guilty of evil deeds_), 3072.
scyndan, w. v., _to hasten_: inf. scyndan, 2571; pret. part, scynded, 919
scynna. See scinna.
scyppend. See sceapan.
scyran, w. v., _to arrange, decide_: inf. þät hit sceaðen-mæl scyran môste
(_that the sword must decide it_), 1940. O.N. skora, _to score, decide_.
scýne, adj., _sheen, well-formed, beautiful_: nom. sg. mägð scýne, 3017.
se, pron. dem. and article, _the_: m. nom., 79, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92, 102,
etc.; fem, seó, 66, 146, etc.; neut. þät;--relative: se (_who_), 1611,
2866; se þe (_he who_), 2293; seó þe (_she who_), 1446; se þe (for seó þe),
1345, 1888, 2686; cf. 1261, 1498; (Grendel's mother, as a wild, demonic
creature, is conceived now as man, now as woman: woman, as having borne a
son; man, as the incarnation of savage cunning and power); se for seó,
2422; dat. sg. þam (for þam þe), 2780.
secce. See sacu.
secg, st. m., _man, warrior, hero, spokesman_ (secgan?): nom. sg., 208,
872, 2228, 2407, etc.; (Beówulf), 249, 948, 1312, 1570, 1760, etc.;
(Wulfgâr), 402; (Hûnferð), 981; (Wîglâf), 2864; acc. sg. sinnigne secg
(Grendel's mother, cf. se), 1380; dat. sg. secge, 2020; nom. pl. secgas,
213, 2531, 3129; dat. pl. secgum, 490; gen. pl. secga, 634, 843, 997, 1673.
secg, st. f., _sword_ (sedge?): acc. sg. secge, 685.
secgan, w. v., _to say, speak_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. gode ic þanc secge,
1998; so, 2796; pres. part. swâ se secg hwata secgende wäs lâðra spella
(partitive gen.), 3029; inf. secgan, 582, 876, 881, 1050; pret. sg. sägde
him þäs leánes þanc, 1810; pret. sg. II. hwät þu worn fela ... sägdest from
his sîðe, 532.--2) without acc inf. swâ we sôðlîce secgan hýrdon, 273;
pret. sg. sägde, 2633, 2900--3) w. depend. clause: pres. sg. ic secge, 591;
pl. III. secgað, 411; inf. secgan, 51, 391, 943, 1347, 1701, 1819, 2865,
3027; gerund. tô secganne, 473, 1725; pret. sg. sägde, 90, 1176; pl.
sägdon, 377, 2188; sædan, 1946.
â-secgan (edicere), _to say out, deliver_: inf. wille ic â-secgan suna
Healfdenes ... mîn ærende, 344.
ge-secgan, _to say, relate_: imper. sg. II. ge-saga, 388; þät ic his ærest
þe eft ge-sägde (_that I should, after, tell thee its origin_), 2158; pret.
part. gesägd, 141; gesæd, 1697.
sefa, w. m., _heart, mind, soul, spirit_: nom. sg., 49, 490, 595, 2044,
2181, 2420, 2601, 2633; acc. sg. sefan, 278, 1727, 1843; dat. sg. sefan,
473, 1343, 1738.--Comp. môd-sefa.
ge-segen, st. f., _legend, tale_: in comp. eald-ge-segen.
segl, st. n., _sail_: nom. sg., 1907.
segl-râd, st. f., _sail-road_, i.e. sea: dat. sg. on segl-râde, 1430.
segn, st. n., _banner_, vexillum: nom. sg., 2768, 2959; acc. sg. segen, 47,
1022; segn, 2777; dat. sg. under segne, 1205.--Comp. heáfod-segn.
sel, st. n., _hall, palace_. See säl.
seld, st. n., _dwelling, house_: in comp. medu-seld.
ge-selda, w. m., contubernalis, _companion_: acc. sg. geseldan, 1985.
seldan, adv., _seldom_: oft [nô] seldan, 2030.
seld-guma, w. m., _house-man, home-stayer(?); common man?, house-carl?_:
nom. sg., 249.
sele, st. m. and n., _building consisting of one apartment; apartment,
room_: nom. sg., 81, 411; acc. sg. sele, 827, 2353; dat. sg. tô sele, 323,
1641; in (on, tô) sele þam heán, 714, 920, 1017, 1985; on sele (_in the den
of the dragon_), 3129.--Comp.: beáh-, beór-, dryht-, eorð-, gest-, gold-,
grund-, gûð-, heáh-, hring-, hrôf-, nið-, win-sele.
sele-dreám, st. m., _hall-glee, joy in the hall_: acc. sg. þâra þe þis lîf
ofgeaf, gesâwon sele-dreám (referring to the joy of heaven?), 2253.
sele-ful, st. n., _hall-goblet_: acc. sg., 620.
sele-gyst, st. m., _hall-guest, stranger in hall_ or _house_: acc. sg. þone
sele-gyst, 1546.
sele-rædend, pres. part., _hall-ruler, possessor of the hall_: nom. pl.,
51; acc. leóde mîne sele-rædende, 1347.
sele-rest, st. f., _bed in the hall_: acc. sg. sele-reste, 691.
sele-þegn, st. m., _retainer, hall-thane, chamberlain_: nom. sg., 1795.
sele-weard, st. m., _hall-ward, guardian of the hall_: acc. sg., 668.
self, sylf, pron., _self_: nom. sg. strong form, self, 1314, 1925 (?
selfa); þu self, 595; þu þe self, 954; self cyning (_the king himself, the
king too_), 921, 1011; sylf, 1965; in weak form, selfa, 1469; he selfa, 29,
1734; þäm þe him selfa deáh (_that can rely upon, trust to, himself_),
1840; seolfa, 3068; he sylfa, 505; god sylfa, 3055; acc. sg. m. selfne,
1606; hine selfne (_himself_), 962; hyne selfne (_himself_, reflex.), 2876;
wið sylfne (_beside_), 1978; gen. sg. m. selfes, 701, 896; his selfes,
1148; on sînne sylfes dôm (_at his own will_), 2148; sylfes, 2224, 2361,
2640, 2711, 2777, 3014; his sylfes, 2014, 2326; fem. hire selfre, 1116;
nom. pl. selfe, 419; Sûð-Dene sylfe, 1997.
ge-sella, w. m., _house-companion, comrade_: in comp. hand-gesella.
sellan, syllan, w. v.: 1) w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to give,
deliver; permit, grant, present_: pres. sg. III. seleð him on êðle eorðan
wynne, 1731; inf. syllan, 2161, 2730; pret. sg. sealde, 72, 673, 1272,
1694, 1752, 2025, 2156, 2183, 2491, 2995; nefne god sylfa sealde þam þe he
wolde hord openian (_unless God himself gave to whom he would to open the
hoard_), 3056; pret. sg. II. sealdest, 1483.--2) _to give, give up_ (only
w. acc. of thing): ær he feorh seleð (_he prefers to give up his life_),
1371; nallas on gylp seleð fätte beágas (_giveth out gold-wrought rings_,
etc.), 1750; pret. sg. sinc-fato sealde, 623; pl. byrelas sealdon wîn of
wunder-fatum, 1162.
ge-sellan, w. acc. and dat. of pers., _to give, deliver; grant, present_:
inf. ge-sellan, 1030; pret. sg. ge-sealde, 616, 1053, 1867, 1902, 2143,
etc.
sel-lîc, syl-lîc (from seld-lîc), adj., _strange, wondrous_: nom. sg. glôf
... syllîc, 2087; acc. sg. n. syllîc spell, 2110; acc. pl. sellîce
sæ-dracan, 1427. Compar. acc. sg. syllîcran wiht (the dragon), 3039.
semninga, adv., _straightway, at once_ 645, 1641, 1768.
sendan, w. v. w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers., _to send_: pret. sg. þone
god sende folce tô frôfre (_whom God sent as a comfort to the people_), 13;
so, 471, 1843.
for-sendan, _to send away, drive off_ pret. part. he wearð on feónda
geweald ... snûde for-sended, 905.
on-sendan, _to send forth, away_, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers.:
imper. sg. on-send, 452, 1484; pret. sg. on-sende, 382; pl. þe hine ...
forð on-sendon ænne ofer ýðe (_who sent him forth alone over the sea_), 45;
pret. part. bealo-cwealm hafað fela feorh-cynna feorr on-sended, 2267.
sendan (cf. Gl. Aldhelm, sanda = ferculorum, epularum, in Haupt IX. 444),
w. v., _to feast, banquet_: pres. sg. III. sendeð, 601.--Leo.
serce, syrce, w. f., _sark, shirt of mail_: nom. sg. syrce, 1112; nom. pl.
syrcan, 226; acc. pl. græge syrcan, 334.--Comp.: beadu-, heoro-serce;
here-, leoðo-, lîc-syrce.
sess, st. m., _seat, place for sitting_: dat. sg. sesse, 2718; þâ he bî
sesse geóng (_by the seat_, i.e. before the dragon's lair), 2757.
setl, st. n., _seat, settle_: acc. sg., 2014; dat. sg. setle, 1233, 1783,
2020; gen. sg. setles, 1787; dat. pl. setlum, 1290.--Comp.: heáh-, hilde-,
meodu-setl.
settan, w. v., _to set_: pret. sg. setton sæ-mêðe sîde scyldas ... wið þäs
recedes weall (_the sea-wearied ones set their broad shields against the
wall of the hall_), 325; so, 1243.
â-settan, _to set, place, appoint_: pret. pl. hie him â-setton segen
[gyl]-denne heáh ofer heáfod, 47; pret. part. häfde kyninga wuldor Grendle
tô-geánes ... sele-weard â-seted, 668.
be-settan, _to set with, surround_: pret. sg. (helm) besette swîn-lîcum
(_set the helm with swine-bodies_), 1454.
ge-settan: 1) _to set, set down_: pret. part. swâ wäs ...þurh rûn-stafas
rihte ge-mearcod, ge-seted and ge-sæd (_thus was ... in rune-staves rightly
marked, set down and said_), 1697.--2) _to set, ordain, create_: pret. sg.
ge-sette ... sunnan and mônan leóman tô leóhte land-bûendum, 94.--3) =
componere, _to lay aside, smooth over, appease_: pret. sg. þät he mid þý
wîfe wäl-fæhða ... dæl ... ge-sette, 2030.
sêcan, w. v., _to follow after_, hence: 1) _to seek, strive for_, w. acc.:
pret. sg. sinc-fät sôhte _(sought the costly cup_), 2301; ne sôhte
searo-nîðas, 2739; so, 3068. Without acc.: þonne his myne sôhte (_than his
wish demanded_), 2573; hord-weard sôhte georne äfter grunde (_the
hoard-warden sought eagerly along the ground_), 2294.--2) _to look for,
come_ or _go some whither, attain something_, w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se þe
... biorgas sêceð, 2273; subj. þeáh þe hæð-stapa holt-wudu sêce, 1370;
imper. sêc gif þu dyrre (_look for her_, i.e. Grendel's mother, _if thou
dare_), 1380; inf. sêcean, 200, 268, 646, 1598, 1870, 1990, 2514(?), 3103,
etc.; sêcan, 665, 1451; drihten sêcean (_seek, go to, the Lord_), 187;
sêcean wyn-leás wîc (_Grendel was to seek a joyless place_, i.e. Hell),
822; so, sêcan deófla gedräg, 757; sâwle sêcan (_seek the life, kill_),
802; so, sêcean sâwle hord, 2423; gerund. säcce tô sêceanne, 2563; pret.
sg. I., III. sôhte, 139, 208, 376, 417, 2224; II. sôhtest, 458; pl. sôhton,
339.--3) _to seek, attack_: þe ûs sêceað tô Sweóna leóde, 3002; pret. pl.
hine wräc-mäcgas ofer sæ sôhtan, 2381.
ge-sêcan: 1) _to seek_, w. acc.: inf. gif he gesêcean dear wîg ofer wæpen,
685.--2) _to look for, come_ or _go to attain_, w. acc.: inf. ge-sêcean,
693; gerund, tô ge-sêcanne, 1923; pret. sg. ge-sôhte, 463, 520, 718, 1952;
pret. part. nom. pl. feor-cýððe beóð sêlran ge-sôhte þam þe hine selfa
deáh, 1840.--3) _to seek with hostile intent, to attack_: pres. sg.
ge-sêceð 2516; pret. sg. ge-sôhte, 2347; pl. ge-sôhton, 2927; ge-sôhtan,
2205.
ofer-sêcan, w. acc., _to surpass, outdo_ (in an attack): pres. sg. wäs sió
hond tô strong, se þe mêca gehwane ... swenge ofer-sôhte, þonne he tô säcce
bär wæpen wundrum heard (_too strong was the hand, that surpassed every
sword in stroke, when he_ [Beówulf] _bore the wondrous weapon to battle_,
i.e. the hand was too strong for any sword; its strength made it useless in
battle), 2687.
sêl, st. f. See sæl.
sêl, sæl, adj., _good, excellent, fit_, only in compar.: nom. sg. m. sêlra,
861, 2194; þæm þær sêlra wäs (_to the one that was the better_, i.e.
Hygelâc), 2200; deáð bið sêlla þonne edwît-lîf, 2891; neut. sêlre, 1385;
acc. sg. m. sêlran þe (_a better than thee_), 1851; sêlran, 1198; neut. þät
sêlre, 1760; dat. sg. m. sêlran sweord-frecan, 1469; nom. pl. fem. sêlran,
1840. Superl., strong form: nom. sg. neut. sêlest, 173, 1060; hûsa sêlest,
146, 285, 936; ôfost is sêlest, 256; bolda sêlest, 2327; acc. sg. neut.
hrägla sêlest, 454; hûsa sêlest, 659; billa sêlest, 1145;--weak form: nom.
sg. m. reced sêlesta, 412; acc. sg. m. þone sêlestan, 1407, 2383; (þäs,
MS.), 1957; dat. sg. m. þäm sêlestan, 1686; nom. pl. sêlestan, 416; acc.
pl. þâ sêlestan, 3123.
sêl, compar. adv., _better, fitter, more excellent_, 1013, 2531; ne byð him
wihte þê sêl (_he shall be nought the better for it_), 2278; so, 2688.
sealma (Frisian selma, in bed-selma), w. m., _bed-chamber, sleeping-place_:
acc. sg. on sealman, 2461.
sealt, adj., _salty_: acc. sg. neut. ofer sealt wäter (_the sea_), 1990.
searo (G. sarwa, pl.), st. n.: 1) _armor, accoutrements, war-gear_: nom.
pl. sæ-manna searo, 329; dat. pl. secg on searwum (_a man, warrior, in
panoply_), 249, 2701; in (on) searwum, 323, 1558; 2531, 2569; instr. pl.
searwum, 1814.--2) _insidiae, ambuscade, waylaying, deception, battle_: þâ
ic of searwum cwom, fâh from feóndum, 419.--3) _cunning, art, skill_:
instr. pl. sadol searwum fâh (_saddle cunningly ornamented_), 1039;
earmbeága fela, searwum ge-sæled (_many cunningly-linked armlets_),
2765.--Comp. fyrd-, gûð-, inwit-searo.
searo-bend, st. f., _band, bond, of curious workmanship_: instr. pl.
searo-bendum fäst, 2087.
searo-fâh, adj., _cunningly inlaid, ornamented, with gold_: nom. sg.
here-byrne hondum ge-broden, sîd and searo-fâh, 1445.
searo-ge-þräc, st. n., _heap of treasure-objects_: acc. sg., 3103.
searo-gim, st. m., _cunningly set gem, rich jewel_: acc. pl. searo-gimmas,
2750; gen. pl. searo-gimma, 1158.
searo-grim, adj., _cunning and fierce_: nom. sg., 595.
searo-häbbend, pres. part. as subst., _arms-bearing, warrior with his
trappings_: gen. pl. searo-häbbendra, 237.
searo-net, st. n., _armor-net, shirt of mail, corselet_: nom. sg., 406.
searo-nîð, st. m.: 1) _cunning hostility, plot, wiles_: acc. pl.
searo-nîðas, 1201, 2739.--2) also, only _hostility, feud, contest_: acc.
pl. searo-nîðas, 3068; gen. pl. searo-nîða, 582.
searo-þanc, st. m., _ingenuity_: instr. pl. searo-þoncum, 776.
searo-wundor, st. n., _rare wonder_: acc. sg., 921.
seax, st. n., _shortsword, hip-knife; dagger_: instr. sg. seaxe,
1546.--Comp. wäl-seax.
seax-ben, st. f., _dagger-wound_: instr. pl. siex-bennum, 2905.
seofon, num., _seven_, 517; seofan, 2196; decl. acc. syfone, 3123.
seomian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to be tied; lie at rest_: inf. siomian, 2768;
pret. sg. seomode, 302.--2) w. acc., _to put in bonds, entrap, catch_:
pret. sg. duguðe and geogoðe seomade (cf. 2086-2092), 161.
seonu, st. f., _sinew_: nom. pl. seonowe, 818.
seóc, adj., _feeble, weak; fatally ill_: nom. sg. feorh-bennum seóc (of
Beówulf, _sick unto death_), 2741; siex-bennum seóc (of the dead dragon),
2905; nom. pl. môdes seóce (_sick of soul_), 1604.--Comp.: ellen-, feorh-,
heaðo-seóc.
seóðan, st. v. w. acc., _to seethe, boil_; figuratively, _be excited over,
brood_: pret. sg. ic þäs môd-ceare sorh-wylmum seáð (_I pined in
heart-grief for that_), 1994; so, 190.
seóloð, st. m.?, _bight, bay_ (cf. Dietrich in Haupt XI. 416): gen. pl.
sióleða bi-gong (_the realm of bights_ = the [surface of the] sea?), 2368.
seón, sýn, st. f., _aspect, sight_: in comp. wlite-, wundor-seón, an-sýn.
seón, st. v., _to see_: a) w. acc.: inf. searo-wunder seón, 921; so, 387,
1181, 1276, 3103; þær mäg nihta ge-hwæm nîð-wundor seón (_there may every
night be seen a repulsive marvel_), 1366; pret. sg. ne seah ic ...
heal-sittendra medudreám mâran, 2015.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.: ne
seah ic elþeódige þus manige men môdiglîcran, 336.--c) w. prep. or adv.:
pret. sg. seah on enta ge-weorc, 2718; seah on un-leófe, 2864; pl. folc tô
sægon (_looked on_), 1423.
ge-seón, _to see, behold_: a) w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se þe beáh ge-syhð,
2042; inf. ge-seón, 396, 571, 649, 962, 1079, etc.; pret. sg. geseah, 247,
927, 1558, 1614; pl. ge-sâwon, 1606, 2253.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.,
pres. sg. III. ge-syhð ... on his suna bûre win-sele wêstne (_sees in his
son's house the wine-hall empty_; or, _hall of friends_?), 2456.--c) w.
inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah ... beran ofer bolcan beorhte randas (_saw shining
shields borne over the gang-plank_), 229; pret. pl. mære mâððum-sweord
monige ge-sâwon beforan beorn beran, 1024.--d) w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg.
ge-seah, 729, 1517, 1586, 1663, 2543, 2605, etc.; pl. ge-sâwon, 221, 1348,
1426; ge-sêgan, 3039; ge-sêgon, 3129.--e) w. depend, clause: inf. mäg þonne
... geseón sunu Hrêðles, þät ic (_may the son of H. see that I..._), 1486;
pret. pl. ge-sâwon, 1592.
geond-seón, _to see, look through, over_, w. acc.: pret. sg. (ic) þät eall
geond-seh, 3088.
ofer-seón, _to see clearly, plainly_: pret. pl. ofer-sâwon, 419.
on-seón, _to look on, at_, w. acc.: pret. pl. on-sâwon, 1651.
seówian, w. v., _to sew, put together, link_: pret. part. searo-net seówed
smiðes or-þancum (_the corselet woven by the smith's craft_), 406.
sib, st. f., _peace, friendship, relationship_: nom. sg., 1165, 1858; sibb,
2601; acc. sibbe, 950, 2432, 2923; instr. sg. sibbe (_in peace_?),
154.--Comp.: dryht-, friðo-sib.
sib-äðeling, st. m., _nobilis consanguineus, kindred prince_ or _nobleman_:
nom. pl. -äðelingas, 2709.
sibbe-gedryht, st. f., _body of allied_ or _related warriors_: acc. sg.
sibbe-gedriht (the Danes), 387; (the Geátas), 730.
siððan, syððan: 1) adv.: a) _since, after, from now on, further_, 142, 149,
283, 567, 1903, 2052, 2065, 2176, 2703, 2807, 2921; seoððan, 1876.--b)
_then, thereupon, after_, 470, 686, 1454, 1557, 1690, 2208; seoððan, 1938;
ær ne siððan (_neither before nor after_), 719.
2) Conj.: a) w. ind. pres., _as soon as, when_, 413, 605, 1785, 2889,
2912.--b) w. ind. pret., _when, whilst_, 835, 851, 1205, 1207, 1421, 1590,
2357, 2961, 2971, 3128; seoððan, 1776;--_since_, 649, 657, 983, 1199, 1254,
1309, 2202;--_after_, either with pluperf.: siððan him scyppend forscrifen
häfde (_after the Creator had proscribed him_), 106; so, 1473; or with
pret. = pluperf.: syððan niht becom (_after night had come on_), 115; so,
6, 132, 723, 887, 902, 1078, 1149, 1236, 1262, 1282, 1979, 2013, 2125; or
pret. and pluperf. together, 2104-2105.
siex. See seax.
sige-dryhten, st. m., _lord of victory, victorious lord_: nom. sg.
sige-drihten, 391.
sige-eádig, adj., _blest with victory, victorious_: acc. sg. neut.
sige-eádig bil, 1558.
sige-folc, st. n., _victorious people, troop_: gen. pl. sige-folca, 645.
sige-hrêð, st. f., _confidence of victory_(?): acc. sg., 490. See Note.
sige-hrêðig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 94, 1598, 2757.
sige-hwîl, st. f., _hour_ or _day of victory_: gen. sg. sige-hwîle, 2711.
sige-leás, adj., _devoid of victory, defeated_: acc. sg. sige-leásne sang,
788.
sige-rôf, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 620.
sige-þeód, st. f., _victorious warrior troop_: dat. sg. on sige-þeóde,
2205.
sige-wæpen, st. n., _victor-weapon, sword_: dat. pl. sige-wæpnum, 805.
sigl, st. n.: 1) _sun_: nom. sg. sigel, 1967.--2) _sun-shaped ornament_:
acc. pl. siglu, 3165; sigle (bracteates of a necklace), 1201; gen. pl.
sigla, 1158.--Comp. mâððum-sigl.
sigor, st. m., _victory_: gen. sg. sigores, 1022; gen. pl. sigora, 2876,
3056.--Comp.: hrêð-, wîg-sigor.
sigor-eádig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg. sigor-eádig secg (of Beówulf),
1312, 2353.
sin. See syn.
sinc, st. n., _treasure, jewel, property_: nom. sg., 2765; acc. sg. sinc,
81, 1205, 1486, 2384, 2432; instr. sg. since, 1039, 1451, 1616, 1883, 2218,
2747; gen. sg. sinces, 608, 1171, 1923, 2072; gen. pl. sinca, 2429.
sinc-fâh, adj., _treasure-decked_: acc. sg. neut. weak form, sinc-fâge sel,
167.
sinc-fät, st. n., _costly vessel_: acc. sg., 2232, 2301;--_a costly
object_: acc. sg., 1201 (i.e. mene); acc. pl. sinc-fato, 623.
sinc-ge-streón, st. n., _precious treasure, jewel of value _: instr. pl.
-gestreónum, 1093; gen. pl. -gestreóna, 1227.
sinc-gifa, w. m., _jewel-giver, treasure-giver = prince, ruler_: acc. sg.
sinc-gyfan, 1013; dat. sg. sinc-gifan (of Beówulf), 2312; (of Äschere),
1343.
sinc-mâððum, st. m., _treasure_: nom. sg., 2194.
sinc-þego, f., _acceptance, taking, of jewels_: nom. sg., 2885.
sin-dolh, st. n., _perpetual_, i.e. incurable, _wound_: nom. sg. syn-dolh,
818.
sin-freá, w. m., _wedded lord, husband_: nom. sg., 1935.
sin-gal, adj., _continual, lasting_: acc. sg. fem, sin-gale säce, 154.
sin-gales, adv. gen. sg., _continually, ever_, 1778; syngales, 1136.
singala, adv. gen. pl., the same, 190.
singan, st. v., _to sound, ring, sing_: pret. sg. hring-îren scîr song in
searwum (_the ringed iron rang in the armor_), 323; horn stundum song
fûs-lîc f[yrd]-leóð (_at times the horn rang forth a ready battle-song_),
1424; scôp hwîlum sang (_the singer sang at whiles_), 496.
â-singan, _to sing out, sing to an end_: pret. part. leóð wäs â-sungen,
1160.
sin-here, st. m., (_army without end_?), _strong army, host_: instr. sg.
sin-herge, 2937.
sin-niht, st. f., _perpetual night, night after night_: acc. pl. sin-nihte
(_night after night_), 161.
sin-sceaða, w. m., _irreconcilable foe_: nom. sg. syn-scaða, 708; acc. sg.
syn-scaðan, 802.
sin-snæd, st. f., (_continuous biting_) _bite after bite_: dat. pl.
syn-snædum swealh (_swallowed bite after bite, in great bites_), 744.
sittan, st. v.: 1) _to sit_: pres. sg. Wîglâf siteð ofer Biówulfe, 2907;
imper. sg. site nu tô symle, 489; inf. þær swîð-ferhðe sittan eodon
(_whither the strong-minded went and sat_), 493; eode ... tô hire freán
sittan (_went to sit by her lord_), 642; pret. sg. on wicge sät (_sat on
the horse_), 286; ät fôtum sät (_sat at the feet_), 500, 1167; þær Hrôðgâr
sät (_where H. sat_), 356; so, 1191, 2895; he gewêrgad sät ... freán eaxlum
neáh, 2854; pret. pl. sæton, 1165; gistas sêtan (MS. sêcan) ... and on mere
staredon (_the strangers sat and stared on the sea_), 1603.--2) _to be in a
certain state_ or _condition_ (_quasi_ copula): pret. sg. mære þeóden ...
unblîðe sät, 130.--Comp.: flet-, heal-sittend.
be-sittan, obsidere, _to surround, besiege_, w. acc.: besät þâ sin-herge
sweorda lâfe wundum wêrge (_then besieged he with a host the leavings of
the sword, wound-weary_), 2937.
for-sittan, obstrui, _to pass away, fail_: pres. sg. eágena bearhtm
for-siteð (_the light of the eyes passeth away_), 1768.
ge-sittan: 1) _to sit, sit together_: pret. sg. monig-oft ge-sät rîce to
rûne (_very often sat the king deliberating with his council_ (see rîce),
171; wið earm ge-sät (_supported himself upon his arm, sat on his arm_?),
750; fêða eal ge-sät (_the whole troop sat down_), 1425; ge-sät þâ wið
sylfne (_sat there beside, near to, him_, i.e. Hygelâc), 1978;
ge-sät þâ on nässe, 2418; so, 2718; pret. part. (syððan) ... we tô symble
ge-seten häfdon, 2105.--2) w. acc., _to seat one's self upon_ or _in
something, to board_: pret. sg. þâ ic ... sæ-bât ge-sät, 634.
of-sittan, w. acc., _to sit over_ or _upon_: pret. sg. of-sät þâ þone
sele-gyst, 1546.
ofer-sittan, w. acc., _to dispense with, refrain from_ (cf. ofer, 2 [c]):
pres. sg. I. þät ic wið þone gûð-flogan gylp ofer-sitte, 2529; inf. secge
ofer-sittan, 685.
on-sittan (O.H.G. int-sizzan, _to start from one's seat, to be startled_),
w. acc., _to fear_: inf. þâ fæhðe, atole ecg-þräce eówer leóde sîwðe
onsittan _to dread the hostility, the fierce contest, of your people_, 598.
ymb-sittan, _to sit around_, w. acc.: pret. pl. (þät hie) ... symbel
ymb-sæton (_sat round the feast_), 564. See ymb-sittend.
sîd, adj.: 1) _wide, broad, spacious, large_: nom. sg. (here-byrne, glôf)
sîd, 1445, 2087; acc. sg. m. sîdne scyld, 437; on sîdne sæ, 507; fem.
byrnan sîde (of a corselet extending over the legs), 1292; ofer sæ sîde,
2395; neut. sîde rîce, 1734, 2200; instr. sg. sîdan herge, 2348; acc. pl.
sîde sæ-nässas, 223; sîde scyldas, 325; gen. pl. sîdra sorga (_of great
sorrows_), 149.--2) in moral sense, _great, noble_: acc. sg. þurh sîdne
sefan, 1727.
side, adv., _far and wide, afar_, 1224.
sîd-fäðme, adj., _broad-bosomed_: acc. sg. sîd-fäðme scip, 1918.
sîd-fäðmed, _quasi_ pret. part., the same: nom. sg. sîd-fäðmed scip, 302.
sîd-rand, st. m., _broad shield_: nom. sg., 1290.
sîð (G. seþu-s), adj., _late_: superl. nom. sg. sîðast sige-hwîle (_the
last hour, day, of victory_), 2711; dat. sg. ät sîðestan (_in the end, at
last_), 3014.
sîð, adv. compar., _later_: ær and sîð (_sooner and later, early and
late_), 2501.
sîð (G. sinþ-s), st. m.: l) _road, way, journey, expedition_; esp., _road
to battle_: nom. sg., 501, 3059, 3090; näs þät êðe sîð (_that was no easy
road, task_), 2587; so, þät wäs geócor sîð, 766; acc. sg. sîð, 353, 512,
909, 1279, 1430, 1967; instr. dat. sîðe, 532, 1952, 1994; gen. sg. sîðes,
579, 1476, 1795, 1909. Also, _return_: nom. sg., 1972.--2) _undertaking,
enterprise_; esp., _battle-work_: nom. sg. nis þät eówer sîð, 2533; ne bið
swylc earges sîð (_such is no coward's enterprise_), 2542; acc. sg. sîð,
873. In pl.= _adventures_: nom. sîðas, 1987; acc. sîðas, 878; gen. sîða,
318.--3) time (as iterative): nom. sg. näs þät forma sîð (_that was not the
first time_), 717, 1464; so, 1528, 2626; acc. sg. oftor micle þonne on ænne
sîð, 1580; instr. sg. (forman, ôðre, þriddan) sîðe, 741, 1204, 2050, 2287,
2512, 2518, 2671, 2689, 3102.--Comp.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, sæ-,
wil-, wræc-sîð.
ge-sîð, st. m., _comrade, follower_: gen. sg. ge-sîðes, 1298; nom. pl.
ge-sîðas, 29; acc. pl. ge-sîðas, 2041, 2519; dat. pl. ge-sîðum, 1314, 1925,
2633; gen. pl. ge-sîða, 1935.--Comp.: eald-, wil-gesîð.
sîð-fät, st. m., _way, journey_: acc. sg. þone sîð-fät, 202; dat. sg.
sîð-fate, 2640.
sîð-fram, -from, adj., _ready for the journey_: nom. pl. sîð-frome, 1814.
sîðian, w. v., _to journey, march_: inf., 721, 809; pret. sg. sîðode, 2120.
for-sîðian, _iter fatale inire_ (Grein): pret. sg. häfde þâ for-sîðod sunu
Ecg-þeówes under gynne grund _(would have found his death_, etc.), 1551.
sîe, sý. See wesan.
sîgan, st. v., _to descend, sink, incline_: pret. pl. sigon ät-somne
(_descended together_), 307; sigon þâ tô slæpe _(they sank to sleep_),
1252.
ge-sîgan, _to sink, fall_: inf. ge-sîgan ät säcce (_fall in battle_), 2660.
sîn, poss. pron., _his_: acc. sg. m. sînne, 1961, 1985, 2284, 2790; dat.
sg. sînum, 1508.
slæp, st. m., _sleep_: nom. sg., 1743; dat. sg. tô slæpe, 1252.
slæpan, st. v., _to sleep_: pres. part. nom. sg. slæpende, 2220; acc. sg.
he gefêng ... slæpendne rinc (_seized a sleeping warrior]_, 742; acc. pl.
slæpende frät folces Denigea fîftyne men _(devoured, sleeping, fifteen of
the people of the Danes_), 1582.
sleac, adj., _slack, lazy_: nom. sg., 2188.
sleahan, sleán: 1) _to strike, strike at_: a) intrans.: pres. subj. sg. þät
he me ongeán sleá (_that he should strike at me_), 682; pret. sg. yrringa
slôh (_struck angrily_), 1566; so, slôh hilde-bille, 2680. b) trans.: pret.
sg. þät he þone nîð-gäst nioðor hwêne slôh _(that he struck the dragon
somewhat lower_, etc.), 2700.--2) w. acc.: _to slay, kill_: pret. sg. þäs
þe he Abel slôg (_because he slew A._), 108; so, slôg, 421, 2180; slôh,
1582, 2356; pl. slôgon, 2051; pret. part. þâ wäs Fin slägen, 1153.
ge-sleán, w. acc.: 1) _to fight a battle_: pret. sg. ge-slôh þîn fäder
fæhðe mæste, 459.--2) _to gain by fighting_: syððan hie þâ mærða ge-slôgon,
2997.
of-sleán, _to ofslay, kill_, w. acc.: pret. sg. of-slôh, 574, 1666, 3061.
slîðe (G. sleiþ-s), adj., _savage, fierce, dangerous_: acc. sg. þurh slîðne
nîð, 184; gen. pl. slîðra ge-slyhta, 2399.
slîðen, adj., _furious, savage, deadly_ nom. sg. sweord-bealo slîðen, 1148.
slîtan, st. v., _to slit, tear to pieces_, w. acc.: pret. sg. slât
(slæpendne rinc), 742.
slyht, st. m., _blow_: in comp. and-slyht.
ge-slyht, st. n. (collective), _battle, conflict_: gen. pl. slîðra
ge-slyhta, 2399.
smið, st. m., _smith, armorer_: nom. sg. wæpna smið, 1453; gen. sg. smiðes,
406.--Comp. wundor-smið.
be-smiðian, w. v., _to surround with iron-work, bands_, etc.: pret. part.
he (the hall Heorot) þäs fäste wäs innan and ûtan îren-bendum searo-þoncum
besmiðod (i.e. the beams out of which the hall was built were held together
skilfully, within and without, by iron clamps), 776.
snell, adj., _fresh, vigorous, lively; of martial temper_: nom. sg. se
snella, 2972.
snellîc, adj., the same: nom. sg., 691.
snotor, snottor, adj., _clever, wise, intelligent_: nom. sg. snotor, 190,
827, 909, 1385; in weak form, (se) snottra, 1314, 1476, 1787; snotra, 2157,
3121; nom. pl. snotere, 202, 416; snottre, 1592.--Comp. fore-snotor.
snotor-lîce, adv., _intelligently, wisely_: compar. snotor-lîcor, 1483.
snûde, adv., _hastily, quickly, soon_, 905, 1870, 1972, 2326, 2569, 2753.
be-snyðian, w. v., _to rob, deprive of_: pret. sg. þätte Ongenþió ealdre
be-snyðede Hæðcyn, 2925.
snyrian, w. v., _to hasten, hurry_: pret. pl. snyredon ät-somne (_hurried
forward together_), 402.
snyttru, f., _intelligence, wisdom_: acc. sg. snyttru, 1727; dat. pl. mid
môdes snyttrum, 1707; þe we ealle ær ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed
which all of us together could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_),
943. Adv., _wisely_, 873.
somne. See samne.
sorgian, w. v.: 1) _to be grieved, sorrow_: imper. sg. II. ne sorga!
1385.--2) _to care for, trouble one's self about_: inf. nô þu ymb mînes ne
þearft lîces feorme leng sorgian (_thou needst not care longer about my
life's [body's] sustenance_), 451.
sorh, st. f., _grief, pain, sorrow_: nom. sg., 1323; sorh is me tô secganne
(_pains me to say_), 473; acc. sg. sorge, 119, 2464; dat. instr. sg. mid
þære sorge, 2469; sorge (_in sorrow, grieved_), 1150; gen. sg. worna fela
... sorge, 2005; dat. pl. sorgum, 2601; gen. pl. sorga, 149.--Comp.: hyge-,
inwit-, þegn-sorh.
sorh-cearig, adj., _curis sollicitus, heart-broken_: nom. sg., 2456.
sorh-ful, adj., _sorrowful, troublesome, difficult_: nom. sg., 2120; acc.
sg. sorh-fullne (sorh-fulne) sîð, 512, 1279, 1430.
sorh-leás, adj., _free from sorrow_ or _grief_: nom. sg., 1673.
sorh-leoð, st. n., _dirge, song of sorrow_: acc. sg., 2461.
sorh-wylm, st. m., _wave of sorrow_ nom. pl. sorh-wylmas, 905.
sôcn, st. f., _persecution, hostile pursuit_ or _attack_ (see sêcan): dat,
(instr.) þære sôcne (by reason of Grendel's persecution), 1778.
sôð, st. n., _sooth, truth_:: acc. sg. sôð, 532, 701, 1050, 1701, 2865;
dat. sg. tô sôðe (_in truth_), 51, 591, 2326.
sôð, adj., _true, genuine_: nom. sg, þät is sôð metod, 1612; acc. sg. n.
gyd âwräc sôð and sâr-lîc, 2110.
sôðe, adv., _truly, correctly, accurately_, 524; sôðe gebunden (of
alliterative verse: _accurately put together_), 872.
sôð-cyning, st. m., _true king_: nom. sg. sigora sôð-cyning (_God_), 3056.
sôð-fäst, adj., _soothfast, established in truth, orthodox_ (here used of
the Christian martyrs): gen. pl. sôð-fästra dôm (_glory, realm, of the
saints_), 2821.
sôð-lîce, adv., _in truth, truly, truthfully_, 141, 273, 2900.
sôfte, adv., _gently, softly_: compar. þý sêft (_the more easily_),
2750.--Comp. un-sôfte.
sôna, adv., _soon, immediately_, 121, 722, 744, 751, 1281, 1498, 1592,
1619, 1763, etc.
on-spannan, st. v., _to un-span, unloose_: pret. sg. his helm on-speón
(_loosed his helm_), 2724.
spel, st. n., _narrative, speech_: acc. sg. spell, 2110; acc. pl. spel,
874; gen. pl. spella, 2899, 3030.--Comp. weá-spel.
spêd, st. f.: 1) _luck, success_: in comp. here-, wîg-spêd.--2) _skill,
facility_: acc. sg. on spêd (_skilfully_), 874.
spîwan, st. v., _to spit, spew_, w. instr.: inf. glêdum spîwan (_spit
fire_), 2313
spor, st. n., _spur_: in comp. hand-spor.
spôwan, st. v., _to speed well, help, avail_: pret. sg. him wiht ne speów
(_availed him naught_), 2855; hû him ät æte speów (_how he sped in the
eating_), 3027.
spræc, st. f., _speech, language_: instr. sg. frêcnan spræce (_through
bold, challenging, discourse_), 1105.--Comp.: æfen-, gylp-spræc.
sprecan, st. v., _to speak_: inf. ic sceal forð sprecan gen ymbe Grendel
_(I shall go on speaking about G._), 2070; w. acc. se þe wyle sôð sprecan
(_he who will speak the truth_), 2865; imper. tô Geátum sprec (spræc, MS.),
1172; pret. sg. III. spräc, 1169, 1699, 2511, 2725; word äfter spräc, 341;
nô ymbe þâ fæhðe spräc, 2619; II. hwät þu worn fela ... ymb Brecan spræce
(_how much thou hast spoken of Breca!_), 531; pl. hwät wit geó spræcon
(_what we two spoke of before_), 1477; gomele ymb gôdne on-geador spræcon,
þät big ... _(the graybeards spoke together about the valiant one, that
they ..._), 1596; swâ wit furðum spræcon (_as we two spoke, engaged,
before_), 1708; pret. part. þâ wäs ... þryð-word sprecen, 644.
ge-sprecan, w. acc., _to speak_: pret. sg. ge-spräc, 676, 1399, 1467, 3095.
spreót, st. m., _pole; spear, pike_: in comp. eofor-spreót.
springan, st. v., _to jump, leap; flash_: pret. sg. hrâ wîde sprong _(the
body bounded far_), 1589; swât ædrum sprong forð under fexe (_the blood
burst out in streams from under his hair_), 2967; pl. wîde sprungon
hilde-leóman (_flashed afar_), 2583. Also figuratively: blæd wîde sprang
(_his repute spread afar_), 18.
ge-springan, _to spring forth_: pret. sg. swâ þät blôd ge-sprang (_as the
blood burst forth_), 1668. Figuratively, _to arise, originate_: pret. sg.
Sigemunde gesprong äfter deáð-däge dôm un-lytel, 885.
on-springan, _to burst in two, spring asunder_: pret. pl. seonowe
onsprungon, burston bânlocan 818.
standan, st. v.: 1) absolutely or with prep., _to stand_: pres. III. pl.
eóred-geatwe þe ge þær on standað (_the warlike accoutrements wherein ye
there stand_), 2867; inf. ge-seah ... orcas stondan (_saw vessels
standing_), 2761; pret. sg. ät hýðe stôd hringed-stefna (_in the harbor
stood the curved-prowed?, metal-covered?, ship_), 32; stôd on stapole
(_stood near the [middle] column_), 927; so, 1914, 2546; þät him on aldre
stôd here-stræl hearda (_that the sharp war-arrow stood in his vitals_),
1435; so, 2680; pl. gâras stôdon ... samod ät-gädere (_the spears stood
together_), 328; him big stôdan bunan and orcas (_by him stood cans and
pots_), 3048. Also of still water: pres. sg. III. nis þät feor heonon ...
þät se mere standeð, 1363.--2) with predicate adj., _to stand, continue in
a certain state_: subj. pres. þät þes sele stande ... rinca ge-hwylcum îdel
and unnyt (_that this hall stands empty and useless for every warrior_),
411; inf. hord-wynne fand eald uht-sceaða opene standan, 2272; pret. sg. ôð
þät îdel stôd hûsa sêlest, 145; so, 936; wäter under stôd dreórig and
ge-drêfed, 1418--3) _to belong_ or _attach to; issue_: pret. sg. Norð-Denum
stôd atelîc egesa (_great terror clung to, overcame, the North Danes_),
784; þâra ânum stôd sadol searwum fâh (_on one of the steeds lay an
ingeniously-inlaid saddle_), 1038; byrne-leóma eldum on andan (_burning
light stood forth, a horror to men_), 2314; leóht inne stôd (_a light stood
in it_, i.e. the sword), 1571; him of eágum stôd ... leóht unfäger (_an
uncanny light issued from his eyes_), 727; so, þät [fram] þam gyste
[gryre-] brôga stôd, 2229.
â-standan, _to stand up, arise_: pret. sg. â-stôd, 760, 1557, 2093.
ät-standan, _to stand at, near_, or _in_: pret. sg. þät hit (i.e. þät
swurd) on wealle ät-stôd, 892.
for-standan, _to stand against_ or _before_, hence: 1) _to hinder,
prevent_: pret. sg. (breóst-net) wið ord and wið ecge in-gang for-stôd
(_the shirt of mail prevented point or edge from entering_), 1550; subj.
nefne him witig god wyrd for-stôde (_if the wise God had not warded off
such a fate from them_, i.e. the men threatened by Grendel), 1057.--2)
_defend_, w. dat. of person against whom: inf. þät he ... mihte
heáðo-lîðendum hord for-standan, bearn and brýde (_that he might protect
his treasure, his children, and his spouse from the sea-farers_), 2956.
ge-standan, intrans., _to stand_: pret. sg. ge-stôd, 358, 404, 2567; pl.
nealles him on heápe hand-gesteallan ... ymbe gestôdon (_not at all did his
boon-companions stand serried around him_), 2597.
stapa, w. m., _stepper, strider_: in comp. hæð-, mearc-stapa.
stapan, st. v., _to step, stride, go forward_: pret. sg. eorl furður stôp,
762; gum-fêða stop lind-häbbendra (_the troop of shield-warriors strode
on_), 1402.
ät-stapan, _to stride up_ or _to_: pret. sg. forð neár ät-stôp (_strode up
nearer_), 746.
ge-stapan, _to walk, stride_: pret. sg. he to forð gestôp dyrnan cräfte,
dracan heáfde neáh (_he_, i.e. the man that robbed the dragon of the
vessel, _had through hidden craft come too near the dragon's head_), 2290.
stapol, st. m., (=[Greek: básis]), _trunk of a tree_; hence, _support,
pillar, column_: dat. sg. stôd on stapole (_stood by_ or _near the wooden
middle column of Heorot_), 927; instr. pl. þâ stân-bogan stapulum fäste
(_the arches of stone upheld by pillars_), 2719. See Note.
starian, w. v., _to stare, look intently at_: pres. sg. I. þät ic on þone
hafelan ... eágum starige (_that I see the head with my eyes_), 1782; þâra
frätwa ... þe ic her on starie (_for the treasures ... that I here look
upon_), 2797; III. þonne he on þät sine starað, 1486; sg. for pl. þâra þe
on swylc starað, 997; pret. sg. þät (sin-freá) hire an däges eágum starede,
1936; pl. on mere staredon, 1604.
stân, st. m., 1) _stone_: in comp. eorclan-stân.--2) _rock_: acc. sg. under
(ofer) hârne stân, 888, 1416, 2554, 2745; dat. sg. stâne, 2289, 2558.
stân-beorh, st. m., _rocky elevation, stony mountain_: acc. sg. stân-beorh
steápne, 2214.
stân-boga, w. m., _stone arch, arch hewn out of the rock_: dat. sg.
stân-bogan, 2546; nom. pl. stân-bogan, 2719.
stân-clif, st. n., _rocky cliff_: acc. pl. stân-cleofu, 2541.
stân-fâh, adj., _stone-laid, paved with stones of different colors_: nom.
sg. stræt wäs stân-fâh (_the street was of different colored stones_), 320.
stân-hlið, st. n., _rocky slope_: acc. pl. stân-hliðo, 1410.
stäf, st. m.: 1) _staff_: in comp. rûn-staf.--2) _elementum_: in comp. âr-,
ende-, fâcen-stäf.
stäl, st. m., _place, stead_: dat. sg. þät þu me â wære forð-gewitenum on
fäder stäle (_that thou, if I died, wouldst represent a father's place to
me_), 1480.
stælan, w. v., _to place; allure_ or _instigate_: inf. þâ ic on morgne
ge-frägn mæg ôðerne billes ecgum on bonan stælan _(then I learned that on
the morrow one brother instigated the other to murder with the sword's
edge_; or, _one avenged the other on the murderer_?, cf. 2962 seqq.), 2486.
ge-stælan, _to place, impose, institute_: pret. part. ge feor hafað fæhðe
ge-stæled (_Grendel's mother has further begun hostilities against us_),
1341.
stede, st. m., _place, -stead_: in comp. bæl-, burh-, folc-, heáh-, meðel-,
wang-, wîc-stede.
stefn, st. f., _voice_: nom. sg., 2553; instr. sg. niwan (niówan) stefne
(properly novâ voce) = denuo, _anew, again_, 2595, 1790.
stefn, st. m., _prow of a ship_: acc. sg., 213; see bunden-, hringed-,
wunden-stefna.
on-stellan, w. v., _constituere, to cause, bring about_: pret. sg. se þäs
or-leges ôr on-stealde, 2408.
steng, st. m., _pole, pike_: in comp wäl-steng.
ge-steppan, w. v., _to stride, go_: pret. sg. folce ge-stepte ofer sæ sîde
sunu Ôhtheres (_O.'s son_, i.e. Eádgils, _went with warriors over the broad
sea_), 2394.
stede (O.H.G. stâti, M.H.G. stæte), adj., _firm, steady_: nom. sg. wäs
stêde nägla ge-hwylc stýle ge-lîcost (_each nail-place was firm as steel_),
986.
stêpan, w. v. w. acc., _to exalt, honor_: pret. sg. þeáh þe hine mihtig god
... eafeðum stêpte, 1718.
ge-steald, st. n., _possessions, property_: in comp. in-gesteald, 1156.
ge-stealla, w. m., (contubernalis), _companion, comrade_: in comp. eaxl-,
fyrd-, hand-, lind-, nýd-ge-stealla.
stearc-heort, adj., (fortis animo), _stout-hearted, courageous_: nom. sg.
(of the dragon), 2289; (of Beówulf), 2553.
steáp, adj., _steep, projecting, towering_: acc. sg. steápne hrôf, 927;
stân-beorh steápne, 2214; wið steápne rond, 2567; acc. pl. m. beorgas
steápe, 222; neut. steáp stân-hliðo, 1410.--Comp. heaðo-steáp.
stille, adj., _still, quiet_: nom. sg. wîd-floga wundum stille, 2831.
stille, adv., _quietly_, 301.
stincan, st. v., _to smell; snuff_: pret. sg. stonc þâ äfter stâne
(_snuffed along the stone_), 2289.
stîð, adj., _hard, stiff_: nom. sg. wunden-mæl (swurd) ... stîð and
stýlecg, 1534.
stîð-môd, adj., _stout-hearted, unflinching_: nom. sg., 2567.
stîg, st. m., _way, path_: nom. sg., 320, 2214; acc. pl. stîge nearwe,
1410--Comp. medu-stîg.
stîgan, st. v., _to go, ascend_: pret. sg. þâ he tô holme [st]âg (_when he
plunged forward into the sea_), 2363; pl. beornas ... on stefn stigon, 212;
Wedera leóde on wang stigon, 225; subj. pret. ær he on bed stige, 677.
â-stîgan, _to ascend_: pres. sg. þonon ýð-geblond up â-stîgeð won tô
wolcnum, 1374; gûð-rinc â-stâh (_the fierce hero ascended_, i.e. was laid
on the pyre? or, _the fierce smoke_ [rêc] _ascended?_), 1119; gamen eft
â-stâh (_joy again went up, resounded_), 1161; wudu-rêc â-stâh sweart of
swioðole, 3145; swêg up â-stâg, 783.
ge-stîgan, _to ascend, go up_: pret. sg. þâ ic on holm ge-stâh, 633.
storm, st. m., _storm_: nom. sg. stræla storm (_storm of missiles_), 3118;
instr. sg. holm storme weól (_the sea billowed stormily_), 1132.
stôl, st. m., _chair, throne, seat_: in comp. brego-, êðel-, gif-,
gum-stôl.
stôw, st. f., _place, -stow_: nom. sg. nis þät heóru stôw (_a haunted
spot_), 1373; acc. sg. frêcne stôwe, 1379; grund-bûendra gearwe stôwe _(the
place prepared for men_, i.e. death-bed; see gesacan and ge-nýdan), 1007:
comp. wäl-stow.
strang, strong, adj., _strong; valiant; mighty_: nom. sg. wäs þät ge-win tô
strang (_that sorrow was too great_), 133; þu eart mägenes strang (_strong
of body_), 1845; wäs sió hond tô strong (_the hand was too powerful_),
2685; superl. wîgena strengest (_strongest of warriors_), 1544; mägenes
strengest (_strongest in might_), 196; mägene strengest, 790.
strâdan? (cf. stræde = passus, gressus), _to tread_, (be)-_stride, stride
over_ (Grein): subj. pres. se þone wong strâde, 3074. See Note.
stræl, st. m., _arrow, missile_: instr. sg. biteran stræle, 1747; gen. pl.
stræla storm, 3118.
stræt, st. f., _street, highway_: nom. sg., 320; acc. sg. stræte, 1635;
fealwe stræte, 917.--Comp.: lagu-, mere-stræt.
strengel, st. m., (_endowed with strength_), _ruler, chief_: acc. sg.
wîgena strengel, 3116.
strengo, st. f., _strength, power, violence_: acc. sg. mägenes strenge,
1271; dat. sg. strenge, 1534; strengo, 2541;--dat. pl. strengum =
_violently, powerfully_ [_loosed from the strings_?], 3118: in comp.
hilde-, mägen-, mere-strengo.
strêgan (O.S. strôwian), w. v., _to strew, spread_: pret. part, wäs þäm
yldestan ... morðorbed strêd (_the death-bed was spread for the eldest
one_), 2437.
streám, st. m., _stream, flood, sea_: acc. sg. streám, 2546; nom. pl.
streámas, 212; acc. pl. streámas, 1262: comp. brim-, eágor-, firgen-,
lagu-streám.
ge-streón (cf. streón = robur, vis), st. n., _property, possessions_;
hence, _valuables, treasure, jewels_: nom. pl. Heaðo-beardna ge-streón
(_the costly treasure of the Heathobeardas_, i.e. the accoutrements
belonging to the slain H.), 2038; acc. pl. äðelinga, eorla ge-streón, 1921,
3168.--Comp.: ær-, eald-, eorl-, heáh-, hord-, long-, mâðm-, sinc-,
þeód-ge-streón.
strûdan, st. v., _to plunder, carry off_: subj. pres. näs þâ on hlytme hwâ
þät hord strude, 3127.
ge-strýnan, w. v. w. acc., _to acquire, gain_: inf. þäs þe (_because_) ic
môste mînum leódum ... swylc ge-strýnan, 2799.
stund, st. f., _time, space of time, while_: adv. dat. pl. stundum (_at
times_), 1424.
styrian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to arrange, put in order, tell_: inf. secg eft
on-gan sîð Beówulfes snyttrum styrian (_the poet then began to tell B.'s
feat skilfully_, i.e. put in poetic form), 873.--2) _to rouse, stir up_:
pres. sg. III. þonne wind styreð lâð ge-widru (_when the wind stirreth up
the loathly weather_), 1375.--3) _to move against, attack, disturb_: subj.
pres. þät he ... hring-sele hondum styrede (_that he should attack the
ring-hall with his hands_), 2841.
styrman, w. v., _to rage, cry out_: pret. sg. styrmde, 2553.
stýle, st. n., _steel_: dat. sg. stýle, 986.
stýl-ecg, adj., _steel-edged_: nom. sg., 1534.
be-stýman, w. v., _to inundate, wet, flood_: pret. part. (wæron) eal
benc-þelu blôde be-stýmed, 486.
suhtor-ge-fäderan (collective), w. m. pl., _uncle and nephew, father's
brother and brother's son_: nom. pl., 1165.
sum, pron.: 1) indef., _one, a, any, a certain_; neut. _something_: a)
without part. gen.: nom. sg. sum, 1252; hilde-rinc sum, 3125; neut. ne
sceal þær dyrne sum wesan (_naught there shall be hidden_), 271; acc. sg.
m. sumne, 1433; instr. sg. sume worde (_by a word, expressly_), 2157; nom.
pl. sume, 400, 1114; acc. pl. sume, 2941. b) with part. gen.: nom. sg.
gumena sum (_one of men, a man_), 1500, 2302; mere-hrägla sum, 1906; þät
wäs wundra sum, 1608; acc. sg. gylp-worda sum, 676. c) with gen. of
cardinals or notions of multitude: nom. sg. fîftena sum (_one of fifteen,
with fourteen companions_), 207; so, eahta sum, 3124; feára sum (_one of
few, with a few_), 1413; acc. sg. manigra sumne (_one of many, with many_),
2092; manna cynnes sumne (_one of the men_), i.e. one of the watchmen in
Heorot), 714; feára sumne (_some few, one of few_; or, _one of the foes_?),
3062.--2) with part. gen. sum sometimes = _this, that, the
afore-mentioned_: nom. sg. eówer sum (_a certain one, that one, of you_,
i.e. Beówulf), 248; gûð-beorna sum (_the afore-mentioned warrior_, i.e. who
had shown the way to Hrôðgâr's palace), 314; eorla sum (_the said knight_,
i.e. Beówulf), 1313; acc. sg. hord-ärna sum (_a certain hoard-hall_), 2280.
sund, st. m.: 1) _swimming_: acc. sg. ymb sund, 507; dat. sg. ät sunde (_in
swimming_), 517; on sunde (_a-swimming_), 1619; gen. sg. sundes, 1437.--2)
_sea, ocean, sound_: nom. sg., 223; acc. sg. sund, 213, 512, 539, 1427,
1445.
ge-sund, adj., _sound, healthy, unimpaired_: acc. sg. m. ge-sundne, 1629,
1999; nom. pl. ge-sunde, 2076; acc. pl. w. gen. fäder alwalda ... eówic
ge-healde sîða ge-sunde (_the almighty Father keep you safe and sound on
your journey!_), 318.--Comp. an-sund.
sund-ge-bland, st. n., (_the commingled sea_), _sea-surge, sea-wave_: acc.
sg., 1451.
sund-nyt, st. f., _swimming-power_ or _employment, swimming_: acc. sg.
sund-nytte dreáh (_swam through the sea_), 2361.
sundur, sundor, adv., _asunder, in twain_: sundur gedælan (_to separate,
sunder_), 2423.
sundor-nyt, st. f., _special service_ (service in a special case): acc. sg.
sundor-nytte, 668.
sund-wudu, st. m., (_sea-wood_), _ship_: nom. acc. sg. sund-wudu, 208,
1907.
sunne, w. f., _sun_: nom. sg., 607; gen. sg. sunnan, 94, 649.
sunu, st. m., _son_: nom. sg., 524, 591, 646, 981, 1090, 1486, etc.; acc.
sg. sunu, 268, 948, 1116, 1176, 1809, 2014, 2120; dat. sg. suna, 344, 1227,
2026, 2161, 2730; gen. sg. suna, 2456, 2613, (1279); nom. pl. suna, 2381.
sûð, adv., _south, southward_, 859.
sûðan, adv., _from the south_, 607; sigel sûðan fûs (_the sun inclined from
the south_), 1967.
swaðrian, w. v., _to sink to rest, grow calm_: brimu swaðredon (_the waves
became calm_), 570. See sweðrian.
swaðu, st. f., _trace, track, pathway_: acc. sg. swaðe, 2099.--Comp.:
swât-, wald-swaðu.
swaðul, st. m.? n.?, _smoke, mist_ (Dietrich in Haupt V. 215): dat. sg. on
swaðule, 783. See sweoðol.
swancor, adj., _slender, trim_: acc. pl. þrió wicg swancor, 2176.
swan-râd, st. f., _swan-road, sea_: acc. sg. ofer swan-râde, 200.
and-swarian, w. v., _to answer_: pret. sg. him se yldesta and-swarode, 258;
so, 340.
swâ: 1) demons, adv., _so, in such a manner, thus_: swâ sceal man dôn,
1173, 1535; swâ þâ driht-guman dreámum lifdon, 99; þät ge-äfndon swâ (_that
we thus accomplished_), 538; þær hie meahton (i.e. feorh ealgian), 798; so,
20, 144, 189, 559, 763, 1104, 1472, 1770, 2058, 2145, 2178, 2991; swâ
manlîce _(so like a man_), 1047; swâ fela (_so many_), 164, 592; swâ
deórlîce dæd (_so valiant a deed_), 585; hine swâ gôdne (_him so good_),
347; on swâ geongum feore (_in so youthful age_), 1844; ge-dêð him swâ
ge-wealdene worolde dælas þät ... (_makes parts of the world so subject to
him that_...), 1733. In comparisons = _ever, the_ (adv.): me þîn môd-sefa
lîcað leng swâ wel (_thy mind pleases me ever so well, the longer the
better_), 1855. As an asseverative = _so_: swâ me Higelâc sîe ... môdes
blîðe (_so be Higelac gracious-minded to me!_), 435; swâ þeáh
(_nevertheless, however_), 973, 1930, 2879; swâ þêh, 2968; hwäðre swâ þeáh
(_yet however_), 2443.--2): a) conj., _as, so as_: ôð þät his byre mihte
eorlscipe efnan swâ his ærfäder (_until his son might do noble deeds, as
his old father did_), 2623; eft swâ ær (_again as before_), 643;--with
indic.: swâ he selfa bäd (_as he himself requested_), 29; swâ he oft dyde
(_as he often did_), 444; gæð â Wyrd swâ hió sceal, 455; swâ guman
gefrungon, 667; so, 273, 352, 401, 561, 1049, 1056, 1059, 1135, 1232, 1235,
1239, 1253, 1382, etc.;--with subj.: swâ þîn sefa hwette _(as pleases thy
mind_, i.e. any way thou pleasest), 490. b) _as, as then, how_, 1143; swâ
hie â wæron ... nýd-gesteallan (_as they were ever comrades in need_), 882;
swâ hit diópe ... be-nemdon þeódnas mære (_as, [how?] the mighty princes
had deeply cursed it_), 3070; swâ he manna wäs wîgend weorðfullost (_as he
of men the worthiest warrior was_), 3099. c) _just as, the moment when_:
swâ þät blôd gesprang, 1668. d) _so that_: swâ he ne mihte nô (_so that he
might not..._), 1509; so, 2185, 2007.--3) = qui, quae, quod, German so:
worhte wlite-beorhtne wang swâ wäter bebûgeð (_wrought the beauteous plain
which_ (acc.) _water surrounds_), 93.--4) swâ ... swâ = _so ... as_, 595,
687-8, 3170; efne swâ ... swâ (_even so ... as_), 1093-4, 1224, 1284; efne
swâ hwylc mägða swâ (_such a woman as, whatsoever woman_), 944; efne swâ
hwylcum manna swâ (_even so to each man as_), 3058.
for-swâfan, st. v., _to carry away, sweep off_: pret. sg. ealle Wyrd
for-sweóf mîne mâgas tô metod-sceafte, 2815.
for-swâpan, st. v., _to sweep off, force_: pret. sg. hie Wyrd forsweóp on
Grendles gryre, 477.
swât, st. m., (_sweat_), _wound-blood_: nom. sg., 2694, 2967; instr. sg.
swâte, 1287.--Comp. heaðo-, hilde-swât.
swât-fâh, adj., _blood-stained_: nom. sg., 1112.
swâtig, adj., _gory_: nom. sg., 1570.
swât-swaðu, st. f., _blood-trace_: nom. sg., 2947.
be-swælan, w. v., _to scorch_: pret. part. wäs se lêg-draca ... glêdum
beswæled, 3042.
swæs, adj., _intimate, special, dear_: acc. sg. swæsne êðel, 520; nom. pl.
swæse ge-sîðas, 29; acc. pl. leóde swæse, 1869; swæse ge-sîðas, 2041; gen.
pl. swæsra ge-sîða, 1935.
swæs-lîce, adv., _pleasantly, in a friendly manner_, 3090.
swebban, w. v., (_to put to sleep_), _to kill_: inf. ic hine sweorde
swebban nelle, 680; pres. sg. III. (absolutely) swefeð, 601.
â-swebban, _to kill, slay_: pret. part. nom. pl. sweordum â-swefede, 567.
sweðrian, w. v., _to lessen, diminish_: inf. þät þät fyr ongan sweðrian,
2703; pret. siððan Heremôdes hild sweðrode, 902.
swefan, st. v.: 1) _to sleep_: pres. sg. III. swefeð, 1742; inf. swefan,
119, 730, 1673; pret. sg. swäf, 1801; pl. swæfon, 704; swæfun, 1281.--2)
_to sleep the death-sleep, die_: pres. sg. III. swefeð, 1009, 2061, 2747;
pl. swefað, 2257, 2458.
swegel, st. n., _ether, clear sky_: dat. sg. under swegle, 1079, 1198; gen.
sg. under swegles begong, 861, 1774.
swegle, adj., _bright, etherlike, clear_: acc. pl. swegle searo-gimmas,
2750.
swegel-wered, _quasi_ pret. part., _ether-clad_: nom. sg. sunne
swegl-wered, 607.
swelgan, st. v., _to swallow_: pret. sg. w. instr. syn-snædum swealh
(_swallowed in great bites_), 744; object omitted, subj. pres. nymðe lîges
fäðm swulge on swaðule, 783.
for-swelgan, w. acc., _to swallow, consume_: pret. sg. for-swealg, 1123,
2081.
swellan, st. v., _to swell_: inf. þâ sió wund on-gan ... swêlan and
swellan, 2714.
sweltan, st. v., _to die, perish_: pret. sg. swealt, 1618, 2475; draca
morðre swealt (_died a violent death_), 893, 2783; wundor-deáðe swealt,
3038; hioro-dryncum swealt, 2359.
swencan, w. v., _to swink, oppress, strike_: pret. sg. hine wundra þäs fela
swencte (MS. swecte) on sunde, 1511.
ge-swencan, _to oppress, strike, injure_: pret. sg. syððan hine Hæðcyn ...
flâne geswencte, 2439; pret. part. synnum ge-swenced, 976; hæðstapa hundum
ge-swenced, 1369.--Comp. lyft-ge-swenced.
sweng, st. m., _blow, stroke_: dat. sg. swenge, 1521, 2967; swenge _(with
its stroke_), 2687; instr. pl. sweordes swengum, 2387.--Comp.: feorh-,
hete-, heaðo-, heoro-sweng.
swerian, st. v., _to swear_: pret. w. acc. I. ne me swôr fela âða on unriht
(_swore no false oaths_), 2739; he me âðas swôr, 472.
for-swerian, w. instr., _to forswear, renounce (protect with magic
formulæ?)_: pret. part. he sige-wæpnum for-sworen häfde, 805.
swêg, st. m., _sound, noise, uproar_: nom. sg. swêg, 783; hearpan swêg, 89,
2459, 3024; sige-folca swêg, 645; sang and swêg, 1064; dat. sg. swêge,
1215.--Comp.: benc-, morgen-swêg.
swêlan, w. v., _to burn_ (here of wounds): inf. swêlan, 2714. See swælan.
sweart, adj., _swart, black, dark_: nom. sg. wudu-rêc sweart, 3146; dat.
pl. sweartum nihtum, 167.
sweoðol (cf. O.H.G. suedan, suethan = cremare; M.H.G. swadem = vapor; and
Dietrich in Haupt V., 215), st. m.? n.?, _vapor, smoke, smoking flame_:
dat. sg. ofer swioðole (MS. swic ðole), 3146. See swaðul.
sweofot, st. m., _sleep_: dat. sg. on sweofote, 1582, 2296.
sweoloð, st. m., _heat, fire, flame_: dat. sg. sweoloðe, 1116. Cf. O.H.G.
suilizo, suilizunga = ardor, cauma.
sweorcan, st. v., _to trouble, darken_. pres. sg. III. ne him inwit-sorh on
sefan sweorceð (_darkens his soul_), 1738.
for-sweorcan, _to grow dark_ or _dim_: pres. sg. III. eágena bearhtm
for-siteð and for-sworceð, 1768.
ge-sweorcan (intrans.), _to darken_: pret. sg. niht-helm ge-swearc, 1790.
sweord, swurd, swyrd, st. n., _sword_: nom. sg. sweord, 1287, 1290, 1570,
1606, 1616, 1697; swurd, 891; acc. sg. sweord, 437, 673, 1559, 1664, 1809,
2253, 2500, etc.; swurd, 539, 1902; swyrd, 2611, 2988; instr. sg. sweorde,
561, 574, 680, 2493, 2881; gen. sg. sweordes, 1107, 2194, 2387; acc. pl.
sweord, 2639; nom. pl., 3049; instr. pl. sweordum, 567, 586, 885; gen. pl.
sweorda, 1041, 2937, 2962.--Comp.: gûð-, mâððum-, wæg-sweord.
sweord, st. f., _oath_: in comp. âð-sweord _(sword-oath_?), 2065.
sweord-bealo, st. n., _sword-bale, death by the sword_: nom. sg., 1148.
sweord-freca, w. m., _sword-warrior_: dat. sg. sweord-frecan, 1469.
sweord-gifu, st. f., _sword-gift, giving of swords_: nom. sg. swyrd-gifu,
2885.
sweotol, swutol, adj.: 1) _clear, bright_: nom. sg. swutol sang scôpes,
90.--2) _plain, manifest_: nom. sg. syndolh sweotol, 818; tâcen sweotol,
834; instr. sg. sweotolan tâcne, 141.
sweóf, sweóp. See swâfan, swâpan.
swið, st. n.? (O.N. swiði), _burning pain_: in comp. þryð-swið(?).
swift, adj., _swift_: nom. sg. se swifta mearh, 2265.
swimman, swymman, st. v., _to swim_: inf. swymman, 1625.
ofer-swimman, w. acc., _to swim over_ or _through_: pret. sg. ofer-swam
sioleða bigong (_swam over the sea_), 2368.
swincan, st. v., _to struggle, labor, contend_: pret. pl. git on wäteres
æht seofon niht swuncon, 517.
ge-swing, st. n., _surge, eddy_: nom. sg. atol ýða geswing, 849.
swingan, st. v., _to swing one's self, fly_: pres. sg. III. ne gôd hafoc
geond säl swingeð, 2265.
swîcan, st. v.: 1) _to deceive, leave in the lurch, abandon_: pret. sg.
næfre hit (_the sword_) ät hilde ne swâc manna ængum, 1461.--2) _to
escape_: subj. pret. bûtan his lîc swice, 967.
ge-swîcan, _to deceive, leave in the lurch_: pret. sg. gûð-bill ge-swâc
nacod ät nîðe, 2585, 2682; w. dat. seó ecg ge-swâc þeódne ät þearfe (_the
sword failed the prince in need_), 1525.
swîð, swýð (Goth, swinþ-s), adj., _strong, mighty_: nom. sg. wäs þät ge-win
tô swýð, 191.--Comp. nom. sg. sió swîðre hand (_the right hand_), 2099;
_harsh_, 3086.
swîðe, adv., _strongly, very, much_, 598, 998, 1093, 1744, 1927; swýðe,
2171, 2188. Compar. swîðor, _more, rather, more strongly_, 961, 1140, 1875,
2199--Comp. un-swîðe.
ofer-swîðian, w. v., _to overcome, vanquish_, w. acc. of person: pres. sg.
III. oferswýðeð, 279, 1769.
swîð-ferhð, adj., (_fortis animo_), _strong-minded, bold, brave_: nom. sg.
swýð-ferhð, 827; gen. sg. swîð-ferhðes, 909; nom. pl. swîð-ferhðe, 493;
dat. pl. swîð-ferhðum, 173.
swîð-hycgend, pres. part. (_strenue cogitans_), _bold-minded, brave in
spirit_: nom. sg. swîð-hycgende, 920; nom. pl. swîð-hycgende, 1017.
swîð-môd, adj., _strong-minded_: nom. sg., 1625.
on-swîfan, st. v. w. acc., _to swing, turn, at_ or _against, elevate_:
pret. sg. biorn (Beówulf) bord-rand on-swâf wið þam gryre-gieste, 2560.
swîgian, w. v., _to be silent, keep silent_: pret. sg. lyt swîgode niwra
spella (_kept little of the new tidings silent_), 2898; pl. swîgedon ealle,
1700.
swîgor, adj., _silent, taciturn_: nom, sg. weak, þâ wäs swîgra secg ... on
gylp-spræce gûð-ge-weorca, 981.
swîn, swýn, st. n., _swine, boar_ (image on the helm): nom. sg. swýn, 1112;
acc. sg. swîn, 1287.
swîn-lîc, st. n., _swine-image_ or _body_: instr. pl. swîn-lîcum, 1454.
swôgan, st. v., _to whistle, roar_: pres. part. swôgende lêg, 3146.
swutol. See sweotol.
swylc, swilc (Goth, swa-leik-s), demons, adj. = _talis, such, such a_;
relative = _qualis, as, which_: nom. sg. swylc, 178, 1941, 2542, 2709;
swylc ... swylc=talis ... qualis, 1329; acc. sg. swylc, 2799; eall ...
swylc (_all ... which, as_), 72; ôðer swylc (_such another_, i.e. hand),
1584; on swylc (_on such things_), 997; dat. sg. gûð-fremmendra swylcum
(_to such a battle-worker_, i.e. Beówulf), 299; gen. sg. swylces hwät
(_some such_), 881; acc. pl. swylce, 2870; call swylce ... swylce, 3166;
swylce twegen (_two such_), 1348; ealle þearfe swylce (_all needs that_),
1798; swylce hie ... findan meahton sigla searo-gimma (_such as they might
find of jewels and cunning gems_), 1157; efne swylce mæla swylce (_at just
such times as_), 1250; gen. pl. swylcra searo-nîða, 582; swylcra fela ...
ær-gestreóna, 2232.
swylce, adv., _as, as also, likewise, similarly_, 113, 293, 758, 831, 855,
908, 921, 1147, 1166, 1428, 1483, 2460, 2825; ge swylce (_and likewise_),
2259; swilce, 1153.
swylt, st. m., _death_: nom. sg., 1256, 1437.
swylt-däg, st. m., _death-day_: dat. sg. ær swylt-däge, 2799.
swynsian, w. v., _to sound_: pret. sg. hlyn swynsode, 612.
swyrd. See sweord.
swýðl. See swîð.
swýn. See swîn.
syððan (seðian, Gen. 1525), w. v., _to punish, avenge_, w. acc.: inf. þonne
hit sweordes ecg syððan scolde (_then the edge of the sword should avenge
it_), 1107.
syððan. See siððan.
syfan-wintre, adj., _seven-winters-old_: nom. sg., 2429.
syhð. See seón.
syl (O.H.G. swella), st. f., _sill, bench-support_: dat. sg. fram sylle,
776.
sylfa. See selfa.
syllan. See sellan.
syllîc. See sellîc.
symbol, syml, st. n., _banquet, entertainment_: acc. sg. symbel, 620, 1011;
geaf me sinc and symbel (_gave me treasure and feasting_, i.e. made me his
friend and table-companion), 2432; þät hie ... symbel ymbsæton (_that they
might sit round their banquet_), 564; dat. sg. symle, 81, 489, 1009;
symble, 119, 2105; gen. pl. symbla, 1233.
symble, symle, adv., _continually, ever_: symble, 2451; symle, 2498; symle
wäs þý sæmra (_he was ever the worse, the weaker_, i.e. the dragon), 2881.
symbel-wyn, st. f., _banqueting-pleasure, joy at feasting_: acc. sg.
symbel-wynne dreóh, 1783.
syn, st. f., _sin, crime_: nom. synn and sacu, 2473; dat. instr. pl.
synnum, 976, 1256, 3072.
syn. See sin.
syn-bysig, adj., (culpa laborans), _persecuted on account of guilt?_
(Rieger), _guilt-haunted?_: nom. sg. secg syn-[by]sig, 2228.
ge-syngian, w. v., _to sin, commit a crime_: pret. part. þät wäs feohleás
ge-feoht, fyrenum ge-syngad, 2442.
synnig, adj., _sin-laden, sinful_: acc. sg. m. sinnigne secg, 1380.--Comp.:
fela-, un-synnig.
ge-synto, f., _health_: dat. pl. on gesyntum, 1870.
syrce. See serce.
syrwan, w. v. w. acc., _to entrap, catch unawares_: pret. sg. duguðe and
geogoðe seomade and syrede, 161.
be-syrwan: 1) _to compass_ or _accomplish by finesse; effect_: inf. dæd þe
we ealle ær ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed that all of us could not
accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943.--2) _to entrap by guile and
destroy_: inf. mynte se mânscaða manna cynnes sumne be-syrwan (_the fell
foe thought to entrap some one (all?_, see sum) _of the men_), 714.
sýn, f., _seeing, sight, scene_: comp, an-sýn.
ge-sýne, adj., _visible, to be seen_: nom. sg. 1256, 1404, 2948, 3059,
3160.--Comp.: êð-ge-sýne, ýð-ge-sêne.
T
taligean, w. v.: 1) _to count, reckon, number; esteem, think_: pres. sg. I.
nô ic me ... hnâgran gûð-geweorca þonne Grendel hine (_count myself no
worse than G. in battle-works_), 678; wên ic talige ...þät (_I count on the
hope ... that_), 1846; telge, 2068; sg. III. þät ræd talað þät (_counts it
gain that_), 2028.--2) _to tell, relate_: sôð ic talige (_I tell facts_),
532; swâ þu self talast (_as thou thyself sayst_), 595.
tâcen, st. n., _token, sign, evidence_: nom. sg. tâcen sweotol, 834; dat.
instr. sg. sweotolan tâcne, 141; tîres tô tâcne, 1655.--Comp. luf-tâcen.
tân, st. m., _twig_: in comp. âter-tân. [emended to âter-teárum in
text--KTH]
ge-tæcan, w. v., _to show, point out_: pret. sg. him þâ hilde-deór hof
môdigra torht ge-tæhte (_the warrior pointed out to them the bright
dwelling of the bold ones_, i.e. Danes), 313. Hence, _to indicate, assign_:
pret. sôna me se mæra mago Healfdenes ... wið his sylfes sunu setl getæhte
(_assigned me a seat by his own son_), 2014.
tæle, adj., _blameworthy_: in comp. un-tæle.
ge-tæse, adj., _quiet, still_: nom. sg. gif him wære ... niht ge-tæse
(_whether he had a pleasant, quiet, night_), 1321.
tela, adv., _fittingly, well_, 949, 1219, 1226, 1821, 2209, 2738.
telge. See talian.
tellan, w. v., _to tell, consider, deem_: pret. sg. ne his lîf-dagas leóda
ænigum nytte tealde (_nor did he count his life useful to any man_), 795;
þät ic me ænigne under swegles begong ge-sacan ne tealde (_I believed not
that I had any foe under heaven_), 1774; cwäð he þone gûð-wine gôdne tealde
(_said he counted the war-friend good_), 1811; he ûsic gâr-wîgend gôde
tealde (_deemed us good spear-warriors_), 2642; pl. swâ (_so that_) hine
Geáta beam gôdne ne tealdon, 2185.--2) _to ascribe, count against, impose_:
pret. sg. (Þryðo) him wälbende weotode tealde hand-gewriðene, 1937.
ge-tenge, adj., _attached to, lying on_: w. dat. gold ... grunde ge-tenge,
2759.
teár, st. m., _tear_: nom. pl. teáras, 1873.
teoh, st. f., _troop, band_: dat. sg. earmre teohhe, 2939.
(ge?)-teohhian, w. v., _to fix, determine, assign_: pret. sg. ic for lässan
leán teohhode ... hnâhran rince, 952; pres. part. wäs ôðer in ær geteohhod
(_assigned_)... mærum Geáte, 1301.
teón, st. v., _to draw, lead_: inf. hêht ... eahta mearas ... on flet teón
(_bade eight horses be led into the hall_), 1037; pret. sg. me tô grunde
teáh fâh feónd-sceaða (_the many-hued fiend-foe drew me to the bottom_),
553; eft-sîðas teáh (_withdrew, returned_), 1333; sg. for pl. æg-hwylcum
...þâra þe mid Beówulfe brim-lâde teáh (_to each of those that crossed the
sea with B._) 1052; pret. part. þâ wäs ... heard ecg togen (_then was the
hard edge drawn_), 1289; wearð ... on näs togen (_was drawn to the
promontory_), 1440.
â-teón, _to wander, go_, intrans.: pret. sg. tô Heorute â-teáh (_drew to
Heorot_), 767.
ge-teón: 1) _to draw_: pret. sg. gomel swyrd ge-teáh, 2611; w. instr. and
acc. hyre seaxe ge-teáh, brad brûn-ecg, 1546.--2) _to grant, give, lend_:
imp. nô þu him wearne geteóh þînra gegn-cwida glädnian (_refuse not to
gladden them with thy answer_), 366; pret. sg. and þâ Beówulfe bega
gehwäðres eodor Ingwina onweald ge-teáh (_and the prince of the Ingwins
gave B. power over both_), 1045; so, he him êst geteáh (_gave possession
of_), 2166.
of-teón, _to deprive, withdraw_, w. gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg.
Scyld Scêfing ... monegum mægðum meodo-setla of-teáh, 5; w. acc. of thing,
hond ... feorh-sweng ne of-teáh, 2490; w. dat. hond (hord, MS.) swenge ne
of-teáh, 1521.
þurh-teón, _to effect_: inf. gif he torn-gemôt þurh-teón mihte, 1141.
teón (cf. teóh, _materia_, O.H.G. ziuc), w. v. w. acc., _to make, work_:
pret. sg. teóde, 1453;--_to furnish out, deck_: pret. pl. nalas hi hine
lässan lâcum teódan (_provided him with no less gifts_), 43.
ge-teón, _to provide, do, bring on_: pres. sg. unc sceal weorðan ... swâ
unc Wyrd ge-teóð, 2527; pret. sg. þe him ... sâre ge-teóde (_who had done
him this harm_), 2296.
ge-teóna, w. m., _injurer, harmer_: in comp. lâð-ge-teóna.
til, adj., _good, apt, fit_: nom. sg. m. Hâlga til, 61; þegn ungemete till
(of Wîglâf), 2722; fem. wäs seó þeód tilu, 1251; neut. ne wäs þät ge-wrixle
til, 1305.
tilian, w. v. w. gen., _to gain, win_: inf. gif ic ... ôwihte mäg þînre
môd-lufan mâran tilian (_if I ... gain_), 1824.
timbrian, w. v., _to build_: pret. part. acc. sg. säl timbred (_the
well-built hall_), 307.
be-timbrian, (construere), _to finish building, complete_: pret. pl.
betimbredon on tyn dagum beadu-rôfes bêcn, 3161.
tîd, st. f., _-tide, time_: acc. sg. twelf wintra tîd, 147; lange tîd,
1916; in þâ tîde, 2228.--Comp.: ân-, morgen-tîd.
ge-tîðian (from tigðian), w. v., _to grant_: pret. part. impers. wäs ...
bêne (gen.) ge-tîðad feásceaftum men, 2285.
tîr, st. m., _glory, repute in war_. gen. sg. tîres, 1655.
tîr-eádig, adj., _glorious, famous_: dat. sg. tîr-eádigum menn (of
Beówulf), 2190.
tîr-fäst, adj., _famous, rich in glory_. nom. sg. (of Hrôðgâr), 923.
tîr-leás, adj., _without glory, infamous_: gen. sg. (of Grendel), 844.
toga, w. m., _leader_: in comp. folc-toga.
torht, adj., _bright, brilliant_: acc. sg. neut. hof ... torht,
313.--Comp.: wuldor-torht, heaðo-torht (_loud in battle_).
torn, st. n.: 1) _wrath, insult, distress_: acc. sg. torn, 147, 834; gen.
pl. torna, 2190.--2) _anger_: instr. sg. torne ge-bolgen, 2402.--Comp.
lîge-torn.
torn, adj., _bitter, cruel_: nom. sg, hreówa tornost, 2130.
torn-ge-môt, st. n., (_wrathful meeting_), _angry engagement, battle_: acc.
sg., 1141.
tô, I. prep. w. dat. indicating direction or tending to, hence: 1) local =
whither after verbs of motion, _to, up to, at_: com tô recede (_to the
hall_), 721; eode tô sele, 920; eode tô hire freán sittan, 642; gæð eft ...
tô medo (_goeth again to mead_), 605; wand tô wolcnum (_wound to the
welkin_), 1120; sigon tô slæpe (_sank to sleep_), 1252; 28, 158, 234, 438,
553, 926, 1010, 1014, 1155, 1159, 1233, etc.; lîð-wæge bär hælum tô handa
(_bore the ale-cup to the hands of the men? at hand?_), 1984; ôð þät niht
becom ôðer tô yldum, 2118; him tô bearme cwom mâððum-fät mære (_came to his
hands, into his possession_), 2405; sælde tô sande sîd-fäðme scip
(_fastened the broad-bosomed ship to the shore_), 1918; þat se harm-scaða
tô Heorute â-teáh (_went forth to Heorot_), 767. After verb sittan: site nu
tô symble (_sit now to the meal_), 489; siððan ... we tô symble geseten
häfdon, 2105; tô ham (_home, at home_), 124, 374, 2993. With verbs of
speaking: maðelode tô his wine-drihtne (_spake to his friendly lord_), 360;
tô Geátum sprec, 1172; so, hêht þät heaðo-weorc tô hagan biódan (_bade the
battle-work be told at the hedge_), 2893.--2) with verbs of bringing and
taking (cf. under on, I., d): hraðe wäs tô bûre Beówulf fetod (_B. was
hastily brought from a room_), 1311; siððan Hâma ät-wäg tô þære byrhtan
byrig Brôsinga mene (_since H. carried the Brosing-necklace off from the
bright city_), 1200; weán âhsode. fæhðo to Frysum (_suffered woe, feud as
to, from, the Frisians_), 1208.--3) =end of motion, hence: a) _to, for, as,
in_: þone god sende folce tô frôfre (_for, as, a help to the folk_), 14;
gesette ... sunnan and mônan leóman to leóhte (_as a light_), 95; ge-sät
... tô rune (_sat in counsel_), 172; wearð he Heaðo-lâfe tô hand-bonan,
460; bringe ... tô helpe (_bring to, for, help_), 1831; Jofore forgeaf
ângan dôhtor ... hyldo tô wedde (_as a pledge of his favor_), 2999; so,
508(?), 666, 907, 972, 1022, 1187, 1263, 1331, 1708, 1712, 2080, etc.;
secgan tô sôðe (_to say in sooth_), 51; so, 591, 2326. b) with verbs of
thinking, hoping, etc., _on, for, at, against_: he tô gyrn-wräce swîðor
þôhte þonne tô sæ-lâde (_thought more on vengeance than on the
sea-voyage_), 1139; säcce ne wêneð tô Gâr-Denum (_nor weeneth of conflict
with the Spear-Danes_), 602; þonne wêne ic tô þe wyrsan geþinges (_then I
expect for thee a worse result_), 525; ne ic to Sweóþeóde sibbe oððe treówe
wihte ne wêne (_nor expect at all of, from, the Swedes_ ...), 2923; wiste
þäm ahlæcan tô þäm heáh-sele hilde ge-þinged (_battle prepared for the
monster in the high hall_), 648; wel bið þäm þe mot tô fäder fäðmum freoðo
wilnian (_well for him that can find peace in the Father's arms_), 188;
þâra þe he ge-worhte tô West-Denum (_of those that he wrought against the
West-Danes_), 1579.--4) with the gerund, inf.: tô gefremmanne (_to do_),
174; tô ge-cýðanne (_to make known_), 257; tô secganne (_to say_), 473; to
befleónne (_to avoid, escape_), 1004; so, 1420, 1725, 1732, 1806, 1852,
1923, 1942, etc. With inf.: tô fêran, 316; tô friclan, 2557.--5) temporal:
gewât him tô gescäp-hwîle (_went at(?) the hour of fate_; or, _to his fated
rest?_), 26; tô wîdan feore (_ever, in their lives_), 934; âwa tô aldre
(_for life, forever_), 956; so, tô aldre, 2006, 2499; tô life (_during
life, ever_), 2433.--6) with particles: wôd under wolcnum tô þäs þe ...
(_went under the welkin to the point where_ ...), 715; so, elne ge-eodon tô
þäs þe, 1968; so, 2411; he him þäs leán for-geald ... tô þäs þe he on reste
geseah Grendel licgan (_he paid him for that to the point that he saw G.
lying dead_), 1586; wäs þät blôd tô þäs hât (_the blood was hot to that
degree_), 1617; näs þâ long tô þon þät (_'twas not long till_), 2592, 2846;
wäs him se man tô þon leóf þät (_the man was dear to him to that degree_),
1877; tô hwan siððan wearð hond-ræs häleða (_up to what point, how, the
hand-contest turned out_), 2072; tô middes (_in the midst_), 3142.
II. Adverbial modifier, _quasi_ preposition [better explained in many cases
as prep. postponed]: l) _to, towards, up to, at_: geóng sôna tô, 1786; so,
2649; fêhð ôðer tô, 1756; sæ-lâc ... þe þu her tô lôcast (_upon which thou
here lookest_), 1655; folc tô sægon (_the folk looked on_), 1423; þät hî
him tô mihton gegnum gangan (_might proceed thereto_), 313; se þe him
bealwa tô bôte gelýfde (_who believed in help out of evils from him_, i.e.
Beówulf), 910; him tô anwaldan âre ge-lyfde (_trusted for himself to the
Almighty's help_), 1273; þe ûs sêceað tô Sweóna leóde (_that the Swedes
will come against us_), 3002.--2) before adj. and adv., _too_: tô strang
(_too mighty_), 133; tô fäst, 137; tô swýð, 191; so, 789, 970, 1337, 1743,
1749, etc.; tô fela micles (_far too much_), 695; he tô forð ge-stôp (_he
had gone too far_), 2290.
tôð (G. tunþu-s), st. m., _tooth_: in comp. blôdig-tôð (adj.).
tredan, st. v. w. acc., _to tread_: inf. sæ-wong tredan, 1965; el-land
tredan, 3020; pret. sg. wräc-lâstas träd, 1353; medo-wongas träd, 1644;
gräs-moldan träd, 1882.
treddian, tryddian (see trod), w. v., _to stride, tread, go_: pret. sg.
treddode, 726; tryddode getrume micle (_strode about with a strong troop_),
923.
trem, st. n., _piece, part_: acc. sg. ne ... fôtes trem (_not a foot's
breadth_), 2526.
treów, st. f., _fidelity, good faith_: acc. sg. treówe, 1073; sibbe oððe
treówe, 2923.
treów, st. n., _tree_: in comp. galg-treów.
treówian. See trûwian.
treów-loga, w. m., _troth-breaker, pledge-breaker_: nom. pl. treów-logan,
2848.
trodu, st. f., _track, step_: acc. sg. or pl. trode, 844.
ge-trum, st. n., _troop, band_: instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923.
trum, adj., _strong, endowed with_: nom. sg. heorot hornum trum, 1370.
ge-trûwan, w. v. w. acc., _to confirm, pledge solemnly_: pret. sg. þâ hie
getrûwedon on twâ healfe fäste frioðu-wære, 1096.
trûwian, treówan, w. v., _to trust in, rely on, believe in_: 1) w. dat.:
pret. sg. sîðe ne trûwode leófes mannes (_I trusted not in the dear man's
enterprise_), 1994; bearne ne trûwode þät he ... (_she trusted not the
child that_ ...), 2371; gehwylc hiora his ferhðe treówde þät he ... (_each
trusted his heart that_ ...), 1167.--2) w. gen.: pret. sg. Geáta leód
georne trûwode môdgan mägnes, 670; wiðres ne trûwode, 2954.
ge-trûwian, _to rely on, trust in_, w. dat.: pret. sg. strenge ge-trûwode,
mund-gripe mägenes, 1534;--w. gen. pret. sg. beorges ge-trûwode, wîges and
wealles, 2323; strenge ge-trûwode ânes mannes, 2541.
tryddian. See treddian.
trýwe, adj., _true, faithful_: nom. sg. þâ gyt wäs ... æghwylc ôðrum trýwe,
1166.
ge-trýwe, adj., _faithful_: nom. sg. her is æghwylc eorl ôðrum ge-trýwe,
1229.
turf, st. f., _sod, soil, seat_: in comp. êðel-turf.
tux, st. m., _tooth, tusk_: in comp. hilde-tux.
ge-twæfan, w. v. w. acc. of person and gen. thing, _to separate, divide,
deprive of, hinder_: pres. sg. III. þät þec âdl oððe ecg eafoðes ge-twæfeð
(_robs of strength_), 1764; inf. god eáðe mäg þone dol-scaðan dæda
ge-twæfan (_God may easily restrain the fierce foe from his deeds_), 479;
pret. sg. sumne Geáta leód ... feores getwæfde (_cut him off from life_),
1434; nô þær wæg-flotan wind ofer ýðum sîðes ge-twæfde (_the wind hindered
not the wave-floater in her course over the water_), 1909; pret. part. ät
rihte wäs gûð ge-twæfed (_almost had the struggle been ended_), 1659.
ge-twæman, w. v. acc. pers. and gen. thing, _to hinder, render incapable
of, restrain_: inf. ic hine ne mihte ... ganges getwæman, 969.
twegen, m. f. n. twâ, num., _twain, two_: nom. m. twegen, 1164; acc. m.
twegen, 1348; dat. twæm, 1192 gen. twega, 2533; acc. f. twâ, 1096, 1195.
twelf, num., _twelve_, gen. twelfa, 3172.
tweone (Frisian twine), num. = _bini, two_: dat. pl. be sæm tweonum, 859,
1298; 1686.
twidig, adj., in comp. lang-twidig (_long-assured_), 1709.
tyder, st. m., _race, descendant_: in comp. un-tyder, 111.
tydre (Frisian teddre), adj., _weak, unwarlike, cowardly_: nom. pl. tydre,
2848.
tyn, num., _ten_: uninflect. dat. on tyn dagum, 3161; inflect. nom. tyne,
2848.
tyrwian, w. v., _to tar_: pret. part. tyrwed in comp.: niw-tyrwed.
on-tyhtan, w. v., _to urge on, incite, entice_: pret. sg. on-tyhte, 3087.
Þ
þafian, w. v. w. acc., _to submit to, endure_: inf. þät se þeód-cyning
þafian sceolde Eofores ânne dôm, 2964.
þanc, st. m.: 1) _thought_: in comp. fore-, hete-, or-, searo-þanc;
inwit-þanc (adj.).--2) _thanks_ (w. gen. of thing): nom. sg., 929, 1779;
acc. sg. þanc, 1998, 2795.--3) _content, favor, pleasure_: dat. sg. þâ þe
gif-sceattas Geáta fyredon þyder tô þance (_those that tribute for the
Geâtas carried thither for favor_). 379.
ge-þanc, st. m., _thought_: instr. pl. þeóstrum ge-þoncum, 2333.--Comp.
môd-ge-þanc.
þanc-hycgende, pres. part., _thoughtful_, 2236.
þancian, w. v., _to thank_: pret. sg. gode þancode ... þäs þe hire se willa
ge-lamp (_thanked God that her wish was granted_), 626; so, 1398; pl.
þancedon, 627(?).
þanon, þonon, þonan, adv., _thence_: 1) local: þanon eft gewât (_he went
thence back_), 123; þanon up ... stigon (_went up thence_), 224; so, þanon,
463, 692, 764, 845, 854, 1293; þanan, 1881; þonon, 520, 1374, 2409; þonan,
820, 2360, 2957.--2) personal: þanon untydras ealle on-wôcon (_from him_,
i.e. Cain, etc.), 111; so, þanan, 1266; þonon, 1961; unsôfte þonon feorh
ôð-ferede (i.e. from Grendel's mother), 2141.
þâ, adv.: l) _there, then_, 3, 26, 28, 34, 47, 53, etc. With þær: þâ þær,
331. With nu: nu þâ (_now then_), 658.--2) conjunction, _when, as, since_,
w. indic., 461, 539, 633, etc.;--_because, whilst, during, since_, 402,
465, 724, 2551, etc.
þät, I. demons, pron. acc. neut. of se: demons, nom. þät (_that_), 735,
766, etc.; instr. sg. þý, 1798, 2029; þät ic þý wæpne ge-bräd (_that I
brandished as(?) a weapon; that I brandished the weapon?_), 1665; þý
weorðra (_the more honored_), 1903; þý sêft (_the more easily_), 2750; þý
läs hym ýðe þrym wudu wynsuman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the
waves the winsome boat might carry away_), 1919; nô þý ær (_not sooner_),
755, 1503, 2082, 2374, 2467; nô þý leng (_no longer, none the longer_),
975. þý =adv., _therefore, hence_, 1274, 2068; þê ... þê = _on this
account; for this reason ... that, because_, 2639-2642; wiste þê geornor
(_knew but too well_), 822; he ... wäs sundes þê sænra þe hine swylt fornam
(_he was the slower in swimming as [whom?] death carried him off_), 1437;
näs him wihte þê sêl (_it was none the better for him_), 2688; so, 2278.
Gen. sg. þäs = adv., _for this reason, therefore_, 7, 16, 114, 350, 589,
901, 1993, 2027, 2033, etc. þäs þe, especially after verbs of thanking, =
_because_, 108, 228, 627, 1780, 2798;--also = secundum quod: þäs þe hie
gewislîcost ge-witan meahton, 1351;--_therefore, accordingly_, 1342, 3001;
tô þäs (_to that point; to that degree_), 715, 1586, 1617, 1968, 2411; þäs
georne (_so firmly_), 969; ac he þäs fäste wäs ... besmiðod (_it was too
firmly set_), 774; nô þäs frôd leofað gumena bearna þät þone grund wite
(_none liveth among men so wise that he should know its bottom_), 1368; he
þäs (þäm, MS.) môdig wäs (_had the courage for it_), 1509.
II. conj. (relative), _that, so that_, 15, 62, 84, 221, 347, 358, 392, 571,
etc.; ôð þät (_up to that, until_); see ôð.
þätte (from þät þe, see þe), _that_, 151, 859, 1257, 2925, etc.; þät þe
(_that_), 1847.
þær: 1) demons. adv., _there (where)_, 32, 36, 89, 400, 757, etc.;
morðor-bealo mâga, þær heó ær mæste heóld worolde wynne (_the death-bale of
kinsmen where before she had most worldly joy_), 1080. With þâ: þâ þær,
331; þær on innan (_therein_), 71. Almost like Eng. expletive _there_, 271,
550, 978, etc.;--_then, at that time_, 440;--_thither_: þær swîð-ferhðe
sittan eodon (_thither went the bold ones to sit_, i.e. to the bench), 493,
etc.--2) relative, _where_, 356, 420, 508, 513, 522, 694, 867, etc.; eode
... þær se snottra bâd (_went where the wise one tarried_), 1314; so,
1816;--_if_, 763, 798, 1836, 2731, etc.;--_whither_: gâ þær he wille, 1395.
þe, I. relative particle, indecl., partly standing alone, partly associated
with se, seó, þät: Hunferð maðelode, þe ät fôtum sät (_H., who sat at his
feet, spake_), 500; so, 138, etc.; wäs þät gewin tô swýð þe on þâ leóde
be-com (_the misery that had come on the people was too great_), 192, etc.;
ic wille ... þe þâ and-sware ädre ge-cýðan þe me se gôda â-gifan þenceð (_I
will straightway tell thee the answer that the good one shall give_), 355;
ôð þone ânne däg þe he ... (_till that very day that he_ ...), 2401; heó þâ
fæhðe wräc þe þu ... Grendel cwealdest (_the fight in which thou slewest
G._), 1335; mid þære sorge þe him sió sâr belamp (_with the sorrow
wherewith the pain had visited him_), 2469; pl. þonne þâ dydon þe ...
(_than they did that_ ...), 45; so, 378, 1136; þâ mâðmas þe he me sealde
(_the treasures that he gave me_), 2491; so, ginfästan gife þe him god
sealde (_the great gifts that God had given him_), 2183. After þâra þe (_of
those that_), the depend. verb often takes sg. instead of pl. (Dietrich,
Haupt XI., 444 seqq.): wundor-sióna fela secga ge-hwylcum þâra þe on swylc
starað (_to each of those that look on such_), 997; so, 844, 1462, 2384,
2736. Strengthened by se, seó, þät: sägde se þe cûðe (_said he that knew_),
90; wäs se grimma gäst Grendel hâten, se þe môras heóld (_the grim stranger
hight Grendel, he that held the moors_), 103; here-byrne ... seó þe
bân-cofan beorgan cûðe (_the corselet that could protect the body_), 1446,
etc.; þær ge-lýfan sceal dryhtnes dôme se þe hine deáð nimeð (_he shall
believe in God's judgment whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 1437, 1292
(cf. Heliand I., 1308).
þäs þe. See þät.
þeáh þe. See þeáh.
for þam þe. See for-þam.
þý, þê, _the, by that_, instr. of se: âhte ic holdra þý läs ... þe deáð
for-nam (_I had the less friends whom death snatched away_), 488; so, 1437.
þeccan, w. v., _to cover_ (thatch), _cover over_: inf. þâ sceal brond
fretan, äled þeccean (_fire shall eat, flame shall cover, the treasures_),
3016; pret. pl. þær git eágor-streám earmum þehton (_in swimming_), 513.
þegn, st. m., _thane, liegeman, king's higher vassal; knight_: nom. sg.,
235, 494, 868, 2060, 2710; (Beówulf), 194; (Wîglâf), 2722; acc. sg. þegen
(Beówulf, MS. þegn), 1872; dat. sg. þegne, 1342, 1420; (Hengest), 1086;
(Wîglâf), 2811; gen. sg. þegnes, 1798; nom. pl. þegnas, 1231; acc. pl.
þegnas, 1082, 3122; dat. pl. þegnum, 2870; gen. pl. þegna, 123, 400, 1628,
1674, 1830, 2034, etc.--Comp.: ambiht-, ealdor-, heal-, magu-, sele-þegn.
þegnian, þênian, w. v., _to serve, do liege service_: pret. sg. ic him
þênode deóran sweorde (_I served them with my good sword_, i.e. slew them
with it), 560.
þegn-sorh, st. f., _thane-sorrow, grief for a liegeman_: acc. sg.
þegn-sorge, 131.
þegu, st. f., _taking_: in comp.: beáh-, beór-, sinc-þegu.
þel, st. n., _deal-board, board for benches_: in comp. benc-þel, 486, 1240.
þencan, w. v.: 1) _to think_: absolutely: pres. sg. III. se þe wel þenceð,
289; so, 2602. With depend. clause: pres. sg. nænig heora þôhte þät he ...
(_none of them thought that he_), 692.--2) w. inf., _to intend_: pres. sg.
III. þâ and-sware ... þe me se gôda â-gifan þenceð (_the answer that the
good one intendeth to give me_), 355; (blôdig wäl) byrgean þenceð, 448;
þonne he ... gegân þenceð longsumne lof (_if he will win eternal fame_),
1536; pret. sg. ne þät aglæca yldan þôhte (_the monster did not mean to
delay that_), 740; pret. pl. wit unc wið hronfixas werian þôhton, 541;
(hine) on healfa ge-hwone heáwan þôhton, 801.
â-þencan, _to intend, think out_: pret. sg. (he) þis ellen-weorc âna
â-þôhte tô ge-fremmanne, 2644.
ge-þencan, w. acc.: 1) _to think of_: þät he his selfa ne mäg ... ende
ge-þencean (_so that he himself may not think of, know, its limit_),
1735.--2) _to be mindful_: imper. sg. ge-þenc nu ... hwät wit geó spræcon,
1475.
þenden: 1) adv., _at this time, then, whilst_: nalles fâcen-stafas
Þeód-Scyldingas þenden fremedon (_not at all at this time had the Scyldings
done foul deeds_), 1020 (referring to 1165; cf. Wîdsîð, 45 seqq.); þenden
reáfode rinc ôðerne (_whilst one warrior robbed another_, i.e. Eofor robbed
Ongenþeów), 2986.--2) conj., _so long as, whilst_, 30, 57, 284, 1860, 2039,
2500, 3028;--_whilst_, 2419. With subj., _whilst, as long as_: þenden þu
môte, 1178; þenden þu lifige, 1255; þenden hyt sý (_whilst the heat
lasts_), 2650.
þengel, st. m., _prince, lord, ruler_: acc. sg. hringa þengel (Beówulf),
1508.
þes (m.), þeós (f.), þis (n.), demons. pron., _this_: nom. sg. 411, 432,
1703; f., 484; nom. acc. neut., 2156, 2252, 2644; þys, 1396; acc. sg. m.
þisne, 75; f. þâs, 1682; dat. sg. neut. þissum, 1170; þyssum, 2640; f.
þisse, 639; gen. m. þisses, 1217; f. þisse, 929; neut. þysses, 791, 807;
nom. pl. and acc. þâs, 1623, 1653, 2636, 2641; dat. þyssum, 1063, 1220.
þê. See þät.
þêh. See þeáh.
þearf, st. f., _need_: nom. sg. þearf, 1251, 2494, 2638; þâ him wäs manna
þearf (_as he was in need of men_), 201; acc. sg. þearfe, 1457, 2580, 2850;
fremmað ge nu leóda þearfe (_do ye now what is needful for the folk_),
2802; dat. sg. ät þearfe, 1478, 1526, 2695, 2710; acc. pl. se for andrysnum
ealle beweotede þegnes þearfe (_who would supply in courtesy all the
thane's needs_), 1798 (cf. sele-þegn, 1795).--Comp.: firen-, nearo-,
ofer-þearf.
þearf. See þurfan.
ge-þearfian, w. v., = _necessitatem imponere_: pret. part. þâ him swâ
ge-þearfod wäs (_since so they found it necessary_), 1104.
þearle, adv., _very, exceedingly_, 560.
þeáh, þêh, conj., _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. þeáh, 203,
526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by þe: þeáh þe, 683,
1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; þeáh ... eal (_although_), 681.--2)
with indic.: þeáh, 1103; þêh, 1614.--3) doubtful: þeáh he ûðe wel, 2856;
swâ þeáh (_nevertheless_), 2879; nô ... swâ þeáh (_not then however_), 973;
näs þe forht swâ þêh (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hwäðre swâ þeáh
(_yet however_), 2443.
þeáw, st. m., _custom, usage_: nom. sg., 178, 1247; acc. sg. þeáw, 359;
instr. pl. þeáwum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.
þeód, st. f.: 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg., 644, 1231, 1251.--2)
_nation, folk_: nom. sg., 1692; gen. pl. þeóda, 1706.--Comp.: sige-,
wer-þeód.
þeód-cyning, st. m., (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_:
nom. sg. (Hrôðgâr), 2145; (Ongenþeów), 2964, 2971; þiód-cyning (Beówulf),
2580; acc. sg. þeód-cyning (Beówulf), 3009; gen. sg. þeód-cyninges
(Beówulf), 2695; gen. pl. þeód-cyninga, 2.
þeóden, st. m., _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg., 129,
365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc.; þióden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. þeóden, 34,
201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; þióden, 2789; dat. sg. þeódne, 345,
1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc.; þeóden, 2033; gen. sg. þeódnes 798, 911,
1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; þiódnes, 2657; nom. pl. þeódnas, 3071.
þeóden-leás, adj., _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. þeóden-leáse, 1104.
þeód-gestreón, st. n., _people's-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl.
þeód-ge-streónum, 44; gen. pl. þeód-ge-streóna, 1219.
þeódig, adj., _appertaining to a_ þeód: in comp. el-þeódig.
þeód-scaða, w. m., _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. þeód-sceaða
(_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.
þeód-þreá, st. f. m., _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wið
þeód-þreáum, 178.
þeóf, st. m., _thief_: gen. sg. þeófes cräfte, 2221.
þeón, st. v.: 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weorðmyndum þâh (_grew
in glory_), 8.--2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. hûru þät on lande lyt
manna þâh (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.
ge-þeón, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-þeóh
tela, 1219; inf. lof-dædum sceal ... man geþeón, 25; þät þät þeódnes bearn
ge-þeón scolde, 911.
on-þeón? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen.: pret. he þäs ær onþâh, 901. [In
MS. Emended in text.--KTH] See Note, l. 901.
þeon (for þeówan), w. v., _to oppress, restrain_: inf. näs se folc-cyning
ymb-sittendra ænig þâra þe mec ... dorste egesan þeón (_that durst oppress
me with terror_), 2737.
þeóstor, adj., _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. þeóstrum ge-þoncum, 2333.
þicgan, st. v. w. acc., _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. þät he
(Grendel) mâ môste manna cynnes þicgean ofer þâ niht, 737; symbel þicgan
(_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. þät hie me þêgon, 563;
þær we medu þêgun, 2634.
ge-þicgan, w. acc., _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful)
ge-þeah, 619, 629; Beówulf ge-þah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful
manig) ge-þægon, 1015.
þider, þyder, adv., _thither_: þyder, 3087, 379, 2971.
þihtig, þyhtig, adj., _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord ...
ecgum þyhtig, 1559.--Comp. hyge-þihtig.
þincan. See þyncan.
þing, st. n.: 1) _thing_: gen. pl. ænige þinga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375,
2906.--2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. me wearð Grendles þing
... undyrne cûð (_Grendel's doings became known to me_), 409.--3)
_judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(?): acc. sg. sceal ... âna gehegan
þing wið þyrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the
giant_: see hegan), 426.
ge-þing, st. n.: 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-þingo, 1086.--2) _fate,
providence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-þinges, 398, 710; (ge-þingea, MS.), 525.
ge-þingan, st. v., _to grow, mature, thrive_ (Dietrich, Haupt IX., 430):
pret. part. cwên môde ge-þungen (_mature-minded, high-spirited, queen_),
625. See wel-þungen.
ge-þingan (see ge-þing), w. v.: 1) _to conclude a treaty_: w. refl. dat,
_enter into a treaty_: pres. sg. III. gif him þonne Hrêðrîc tô hofum Geáta
ge-þingeð _(if H. enters into a treaty_ (seeks aid at?) _with the court of
the Geátas_, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the
service or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo.--2) _to prepare, appoint_:
pret. part. wiste [ät] þäm ahlæcan ... hilde ge-þinged, 648; hraðe wäs ...
mêce ge-þinged, 1939.
þingian, w. v.: 1) _to speak in an assembly, make an address_: inf. ne
hýrde ic snotor-lîcor on swâ geongum feore guman þingian (_I never heard a
man so young speak so wisely_), 1844.--2) _to compound, settle, lay aside_:
inf. ne wolde feorh-bealo ... feó þingian (_would not compound the
life-bale for money_), 156; so, pret. sg. þâ fæhðe feó þingode, 470.
þîhan. See þeón.
þin, possess, pron., _thy, thine_, 267, 346, 353, 367, 459, etc.
ge-þôht, st. m., _thought, plan_: acc. sg. ân-fealdne ge-þôht, 256;
fäst-rædne ge-þôht, 611.
þolian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to endure, bear_: inf. (inwid-sorge) þolian,
833; pres. sg. III. þreá-nýd þolað, 284; pret. sg. þolode þryðswyð,
131.--2) _to hold out, stand, survive_: pres. sg. (intrans.) þenden þis
sweord þolað (_as long as this sword holds out_), 2500; pret. sg. (seó ecg)
þolode ær fela hand-gemôta, 1526.
ge-þolian: 1) _to suffer, bear, endure_: gerund. tô ge-þolianne, 1420;
pret. sg. earfoð-lice þrage ge-þolode..., þät he ... dreám gehýrde (_bore
ill that he heard the sound of joy_), 87; torn ge-þolode (_bore the
misery_), 147.--2) _to have patience, wait_: inf. þær he longe sceal on þäs
waldendes wære ge-þolian, 3110.
þon (Goth, þan) = _tum, then, now_, 504; äfter þon (_after that_), 725; ær
þon däg cwôme (_ere day came_), 732; nô þon lange (_it was not long till
then_), 2424; näs þâ long tô þon (_it was not long till then_), 2592, 2846;
wäs him se man tô þon leóf þät ... _(the man was to that degree dear to him
that ..._), 1877.
þonne: 1) adv., _there, then, now_, 377, 435, 525, 1105, 1456, 1485, 1672,
1823, 3052, 3098(?).--2) conj., _if, when, while_: a) w. indic., 573, 881,
935, 1034, 1041, 1043, 1144, 1286, 1327, 1328, 1375, etc.; þät ic
gum-cystum gôdne funde beága bryttan, breác þonne môste (_that I found a
good ring-giver and enjoyed him whilst I could_), 1488. b) w. subj., 23,
1180, 3065; þonne ...þonne (_then ... when_), 484-85, 2447-48; gif þonne
...þonne (_if then ... then_), 1105-1107. c) _than_ after comparatives, 44,
248, 469, 505, 534, 679, 1140, 1183, etc.; a comparative must be supplied,
l. 70, before þone: þät he ... hâtan wolde medo-ärn micel men ge-wyrcean
þone yldo bearn æfre ge-frunon (_a great mead-house_ (greater) _than men
had ever known_).
þracu, st. f., _strength, boldness_: in comp. môd-þracu; = impetus in
ecg-þracu.
þrag, st. f., _period of time, time_: nom. sg. þâ hine sió þrag be-cwom
(_when the_ [battle]-_hour befell him_), 2884; acc. sg. þrage (_for a
time_), 87; longe (lange) þrage, 54, 114.--Comp. earfoð-þrag.
ge-þräc, st. n., _multitude, crowd_: in comp. searo-ge-þräc.
þrec-wudu, st. m., (_might-wood_), _spear_ (cf. mägen-wudu): acc. sg.,
1247.
þreá, st. m. f., _misery, distress_: in comp. þeód-þreá, þreá-nêdla, -nýd.
þreá-nêdla, w. m., _crushing distress, misery_: dat. sg. for þreá-nêdlan,
2225.
þrea-nýd, st. f., _oppression, distress_: acc. sg. þreá-nýd, 284; dat. pl.
þreá-nýdum, 833.
þreát, st. m., _troop, band_: dat. sg. on þam þreáte, 2407; dat. pl.
sceaðena þreátum, 4.--Comp. îren-þreát.
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