Carmen
by
Prosper Merimee
Etext prepared by Dagny, dagnyj@hotmail.com
and John Bickers, jbickers@ihug.co.nz
Translated by Lady Mary Loyd
CARMEN
by PROSPER MERIMEE
CARMEN
CHAPTER I
I had always suspected the geographical authorities did not know what
they were talking about when they located the battlefield of Munda in
the county of the Bastuli-Poeni, close to the modern Monda, some two
leagues north of Marbella.
According to my own surmise, founded on the text of the anonymous
author of the /Bellum Hispaniense/, and on certain information culled
from the excellent library owned by the Duke of Ossuna, I believed the
site of the memorable struggle in which Caesar played double or quits,
once and for all, with the champions of the Republic, should be sought
in the neighbourhood of Montilla.
Happening to be in Andalusia during the autumn of 1830, I made a
somewhat lengthy excursion, with the object of clearing up certain
doubts which still oppressed me. A paper which I shall shortly publish
will, I trust, remove any hesitation that may still exist in the minds
of all honest archaeologists. But before that dissertation of mine
finally settles the geographical problem on the solution of which the
whole of learned Europe hangs, I desire to relate a little tale. It
will do no prejudice to the interesting question of the correct
locality of Monda.
I had hired a guide and a couple of horses at Cordova, and had started
on my way with no luggage save a few shirts, and Caesar's
/Commentaries/. As I wandered, one day, across the higher lands of the
Cachena plain, worn with fatigue, parched with thirst, scorched by a
burning sun, cursing Caesar and Pompey's sons alike, most heartily, my
eye lighted, at some distance from the path I was following, on a
little stretch of green sward dotted with reeds and rushes. That
betokened the neighbourhood of some spring, and, indeed, as I drew
nearer I perceived that what had looked like sward was a marsh, into
which a stream, which seemed to issue from a narrow gorge between two
high spurs of the Sierra di Cabra, ran and disappeared.
If I rode up that stream, I argued, I was likely to find cooler water,
fewer leeches and frogs, and mayhap a little shade among the rocks.
At the mouth of the gorge, my horse neighed, and another horse,
invisible to me, neighed back. Before I had advanced a hundred paces,
the gorge suddenly widened, and I beheld a sort of natural
amphitheatre, thoroughly shaded by the steep cliffs that lay all
around it. It was impossible to imagine any more delightful halting
place for a traveller. At the foot of the precipitous rocks, the
stream bubbled upward and fell into a little basin, lined with sand
that was as white as snow. Five or six splendid evergreen oaks,
sheltered from the wind, and cooled by the spring, grew beside the
pool, and shaded it with their thick foliage. And round about it a
close and glossy turf offered the wanderer a better bed than he could
have found in any hostelry for ten leagues round.
The honour of discovering this fair spot did not belong to me. A man
was resting there already--sleeping, no doubt--before I reached it.
Roused by the neighing of the horses, he had risen to his feet and had
moved over to his mount, which had been taking advantage of its
master's slumbers to make a hearty feed on the grass that grew around.
He was an active young fellow, of middle height, but powerful in
build, and proud and sullen-looking in expression. His complexion,
which may once have been fine, had been tanned by the sun till it was
darker than his hair. One of his hands grasped his horse's halter. In
the other he held a brass blunderbuss.
At the first blush, I confess, the blunderbuss, and the savage looks
of the man who bore it, somewhat took me aback. But I had heard so
much about robbers, that, never seeing any, I had ceased to believe in
their existence. And further, I had seen so many honest farmers arm
themselves to the teeth before they went out to market, that the sight
of firearms gave me no warrant for doubting the character of any
stranger. "And then," quoth I to myself, "what could he do with my
shirts and my Elzevir edition of Caesar's /Commentaries/?" So I
bestowed a friendly nod on the man with the blunderbuss, and inquired,
with a smile, whether I had disturbed his nap. Without any answer, he
looked me over from head to foot. Then, as if the scrutiny had
satisfied him, he looked as closely at my guide, who was just coming
up. I saw the guide turn pale, and pull up with an air of evident
alarm. "An unlucky meeting!" thought I to myself. But prudence
instantly counselled me not to let any symptom of anxiety escape me.
So I dismounted. I told the guide to take off the horses' bridles, and
kneeling down beside the spring, I laved my head and hands and then
drank a long draught, lying flat on my belly, like Gideon's soldiers.
Meanwhile, I watched the stranger, and my own guide. This last seemed
to come forward unwillingly. But the other did not appear to have any
evil designs upon us. For he had turned his horse loose, and the
blunderbuss, which he had been holding horizontally, was now dropped
earthward.
Not thinking it necessary to take offence at the scant attention paid
me, I stretched myself full length upon the grass, and calmly asked
the owner of the blunderbuss whether he had a light about him. At the
same time I pulled out my cigar-case. The stranger, still without
opening his lips, took out his flint, and lost no time in getting me a
light. He was evidently growing tamer, for he sat down opposite to me,
though he still grasped his weapon. When I had lighted my cigar, I
chose out the best I had left, and asked him whether he smoked.
"Yes, senor," he replied. These were the first words I had heard him
speak, and I noticed that he did not pronounce the letter /s/* in the
Andalusian fashion, whence I concluded he was a traveller, like
myself, though, maybe, somewhat less of an archaeologist.
* The Andalusians aspirate the /s/, and pronounce it like the soft
/c/ and the /z/, which Spaniards pronounce like the English /th/.
An Andalusian may always be recognised by the way in which he says
/senor/.
"You'll find this a fairly good one," said I, holding out a real
Havana regalia.
He bowed his head slightly, lighted his cigar at mine, thanked me with
another nod, and began to smoke with a most lively appearance of
enjoyment.
"Ah!" he exclaimed, as he blew his first puff of smoke slowly out of
his ears and nostrils. "What a time it is since I've had a smoke!"
In Spain the giving and accepting of a cigar establishes bonds of
hospitality similar to those founded in Eastern countries on the
partaking of bread and salt. My friend turned out more talkative than
I had hoped. However, though he claimed to belong to the /partido/ of
Montilla, he seemed very ill-informed about the country. He did not
know the name of the delightful valley in which we were sitting, he
could not tell me the names of any of the neighbouring villages, and
when I inquired whether he had not noticed any broken-down walls,
broad-rimmed tiles, or carved stones in the vicinity, he confessed he
had never paid any heed to such matters. On the other hand, he showed
himself an expert in horseflesh, found fault with my mount--not a
difficult affair--and gave me a pedigree of his own, which had come
from the famous stud at Cordova. It was a splendid creature, indeed,
so tough, according to its owner's claim, that it had once covered
thirty leagues in one day, either at the gallop or at full trot the
whole time. In the midst of his story the stranger pulled up short, as
if startled and sorry he had said so much. "The fact is I was in a
great hurry to get to Cordova," he went on, somewhat embarrassed. "I
had to petition the judges about a lawsuit." As he spoke, he looked at
my guide Antonio, who had dropped his eyes.
The spring and the cool shade were so delightful that I bethought me
of certain slices of an excellent ham, which my friends at Montilla
had packed into my guide's wallet. I bade him produce them, and
invited the stranger to share our impromptu lunch. If he had not
smoked for a long time, he certainly struck me as having fasted for
eight-and-forty hours at the very least. He ate like a starving wolf,
and I thought to myself that my appearance must really have been quite
providential for the poor fellow. Meanwhile my guide ate but little,
drank still less, and spoke never a word, although in the earlier part
of our journey he had proved himself a most unrivalled chatterer. He
seemed ill at ease in the presence of our guest, and a sort of mutual
distrust, the cause of which I could not exactly fathom, seemed to be
between them.
The last crumbs of bread and scraps of ham had disappeared. We had
each smoked our second cigar; I told the guide to bridle the horses,
and was just about to take leave of my new friend, when he inquired
where I was going to spend the night.
Before I had time to notice a sign my guide was making to me I had
replied that I was going to the Venta del Cuervo.
"That's a bad lodging for a gentleman like you, sir! I'm bound there
myself, and if you'll allow me to ride with you, we'll go together."
"With pleasure!" I replied, mounting my horse. The guide, who was
holding my stirrup, looked at me meaningly again. I answered by
shrugging my shoulders, as though to assure him I was perfectly easy
in my mind, and we started on our way.
Antonio's mysterious signals, his evident anxiety, a few words dropped
by the stranger, above all, his ride of thirty leagues, and the far
from plausible explanation he had given us of it, had already enabled
me to form an opinion as to the identity of my fellow-traveller. I had
no doubt at all I was in the company of a smuggler, and possibly of a
brigand. What cared I? I knew enough of the Spanish character to be
very certain I had nothing to fear from a man who had eaten and smoked
with me. His very presence would protect me in case of any undesirable
meeting. And besides, I was very glad to know what a brigand was
really like. One doesn't come across such gentry every day. And there
is a certain charm about finding one's self in close proximity to a
dangerous being, especially when one feels the being in question to be
gentle and tame.
I was hoping the stranger might gradually fall into a confidential
mood, and in spite of my guide's winks, I turned the conversation to
the subject of highwaymen. I need scarcely say that I spoke of them
with great respect. At that time there was a famous brigand in
Andalusia, of the name of Jose-Maria, whose exploits were on every
lip. "Supposing I should be riding along with Jose-Maria!" said I to
myself. I told all the stories I knew about the hero--they were all to
his credit, indeed, and loudly expressed my admiration of his
generosity and his valour.
"Jose-Maria is nothing but a blackguard," said the stranger gravely.
"Is he just to himself, or is this an excess of modesty?" I queried,
mentally, for by dint of scrutinizing my companion, I had ended by
reconciling his appearance with the description of Jose-Maria which I
read posted up on the gates of various Andalusian towns. "Yes, this
must be he--fair hair, blue eyes, large mouth, good teeth, small
hands, fine shirt, a velvet jacket with silver buttons on it, white
leather gaiters, and a bay horse. Not a doubt about it. But his
/incognito/ shall be respected!" We reached the /venta/. It was just
what he had described to me. In other words, the most wretched hole of
its kind I had as yet beheld. One large apartment served as kitchen,
dining-room, and sleeping chamber. A fire was burning on a flat stone
in the middle of the room, and the smoke escaped through a hole in the
roof, or rather hung in a cloud some feet above the soil. Along the
walls five or six mule rugs were spread on the floor. These were the
travellers' beds. Twenty paces from the house, or rather from the
solitary apartment which I have just described, stood a sort of shed,
that served for a stable.
The only inhabitants of this delightful dwelling visible at the
moment, at all events, were an old woman, and a little girl of ten or
twelve years old, both of them as black as soot, and dressed in
loathsome rags. "Here's the sole remnant of the ancient populations of
Munda Boetica," said I to myself. "O Caesar! O Sextus Pompeius, if you
were to revisit this earth how astounded you would be!"
When the old woman saw my travelling companion an exclamation of
surprise escaped her. "Ah! Senor Don Jose!" she cried.
Don Jose frowned and lifted his hand with a gesture of authority that
forthwith silenced the old dame.
I turned to my guide and gave him to understand, by a sign that no one
else perceived, that I knew all about the man in whose company I was
about to spend the night. Our supper was better than I expected. On a
little table, only a foot high, we were served with an old rooster,
fricasseed with rice and numerous peppers, then more peppers in oil,
and finally a /gaspacho/--a sort of salad made of peppers. These three
highly spiced dishes involved our frequent recourse to a goatskin
filled with Montella wine, which struck us as being delicious.
After our meal was over, I caught sight of a mandolin hanging up
against the wall--in Spain you see mandolins in every corner--and I
asked the little girl, who had been waiting on us, if she knew how to
play it.
"No," she replied. "But Don Jose does play well!"
"Do me the kindness to sing me something," I said to him, "I'm
passionately fond of your national music."
"I can't refuse to do anything for such a charming gentleman, who
gives me such excellent cigars," responded Don Jose gaily, and having
made the child give him the mandolin, he sang to his own
accompaniment. His voice, though rough, was pleasing, the air he sang
was strange and sad. As to the words, I could not understand a single
one of them.
"If I am not mistaken," said I, "that's not a Spanish air you have
just been singing. It's like the /zorzicos/ I've heard in the
Provinces,* and the words must be in the Basque language."
* The /privileged Provinces/, Alava, Biscay, Guipuzcoa, and a part
of Navarre, which all enjoy special /fueros/. The Basque language
is spoken in these countries.
"Yes," said Don Jose, with a gloomy look. He laid the mandolin down on
the ground, and began staring with a peculiarly sad expression at the
dying fire. His face, at once fierce and noble-looking, reminded me,
as the firelight fell on it, of Milton's Satan. Like him, perchance,
my comrade was musing over the home he had forfeited, the exile he had
earned, by some misdeed. I tried to revive the conversation, but so
absorbed was he in melancholy thought, that he gave me no answer.
The old woman had already gone to rest in a corner of the room, behind
a ragged rug hung on a rope. The little girl had followed her into
this retreat, sacred to the fair sex. Then my guide rose, and
suggested that I should go with him to the stable. But at the word Don
Jose, waking, as it were, with a start, inquired sharply whither he
was going.
"To the stable," answered the guide.
"What for? The horses have been fed! You can sleep here. The senor
will give you leave."
"I'm afraid the senor's horse is sick. I'd like the senor to see it.
Perhaps he'd know what should be done for it."
It was quite clear to me that Antonio wanted to speak to me apart.
But I did not care to rouse Don Jose's suspicions, and being as we
were, I thought far the wisest course for me was to appear absolutely
confident.
I therefore told Antonio that I knew nothing on earth about horses,
and that I was desperately sleepy. Don Jose followed him to the
stable, and soon returned alone. He told me there was nothing the
matter with the horse, but that my guide considered the animal such a
treasure that he was scrubbing it with his jacket to make it sweat,
and expected to spend the night in that pleasing occupation. Meanwhile
I had stretched myself out on the mule rugs, having carefully wrapped
myself up in my own cloak, so as to avoid touching them. Don Jose,
having begged me to excuse the liberty he took in placing himself so
near me, lay down across the door, but not until he had primed his
blunderbuss afresh and carefully laid it under the wallet, which
served him as a pillow.
I had thought I was so tired that I should be able to sleep even in
such a lodging. But within an hour a most unpleasant itching sensation
roused me from my first nap. As soon as I realized its nature, I rose
to my feet, feeling convinced I should do far better to spend the rest
of the night in the open air than beneath that inhospitable roof.
Walking tiptoe I reached the door, stepped over Don Jose, who was
sleeping the sleep of the just, and managed so well that I got outside
the building without waking him. Just beside the door there was a wide
wooden bench. I lay down upon it, and settled myself, as best I could,
for the remainder of the night. I was just closing my eyes for a
second time when I fancied I saw the shadow of a man and then the
shadow of a horse moving absolutely noiselessly, one behind the other.
I sat upright, and then I thought I recognised Antonio. Surprised to
see him outside the stable at such an hour, I got up and went toward
him. He had seen me first, and had stopped to wait for me.
"Where is he?" Antonio inquired in a low tone.
"In the /venta/. He's asleep. The bugs don't trouble him. But what are
you going to do with that horse?" I then noticed that, to stifle all
noise as he moved out of the shed, Antonio had carefully muffled the
horse's feet in the rags of an old blanket.
"Speak lower, for God's sake," said Antonio. "You don't know who that
man is. He's Jose Navarro, the most noted bandit in Andalusia. I've
been making signs to you all day long, and you wouldn't understand."
"What do I care whether he's a brigand or not," I replied. "He hasn't
robbed us, and I'll wager he doesn't want to."
"That may be. But there are two hundred ducats on his head. Some
lancers are stationed in a place I know, a league and a half from
here, and before daybreak I'll bring a few brawny fellows back with
me. I'd have taken his horse away, but the brute's so savage that
nobody but Navarro can go near it."
"Devil take you!" I cried. "What harm has the poor fellow done you
that you should want to inform against him? And besides, are you
certain he is the brigand you take him for?"
"Perfectly certain! He came after me into the stable just now, and
said, 'You seem to know me. If you tell that good gentleman who I am,
I'll blow your brains out!' You stay here, sir, keep close to him.
You've nothing to fear. As long as he knows you are there, he won't
suspect anything."
As we talked, we had moved so far from the /venta/ that the noise of
the horse's hoofs could not be heard there. In a twinkling Antonio
snatched off the rags he had wrapped around the creature's feet, and
was just about to climb on its back. In vain did I attempt with
prayers and threats to restrain him.
"I'm only a poor man, senor," quoth he, "I can't afford to lose two
hundred ducats--especially when I shall earn them by ridding the
country of such vermin. But mind what you're about! If Navarro wakes
up, he'll snatch at his blunderbuss, and then look out for yourself!
I've gone too far now to turn back. Do the best you can for yourself!"
The villain was in his saddle already, he spurred his horse smartly,
and I soon lost sight of them both in the darkness.
I was very angry with my guide, and terribly alarmed as well. After a
moment's reflection, I made up my mind, and went back to the /venta/.
Don Jose was still sound asleep, making up, no doubt, for the fatigue
and sleeplessness of several days of adventure. I had to shake him
roughly before I could wake him up. Never shall I forget his fierce
look, and the spring he made to get hold of his blunderbuss, which, as
a precautionary measure, I had removed to some distance from his
couch.
"Senor," I said, "I beg your pardon for disturbing you. But I have a
silly question to ask you. Would you be glad to see half a dozen
lancers walk in here?"
He bounded to his feet, and in an awful voice he demanded:
"Who told you?"
"It's little matter whence the warning comes, so long as it be good."
"Your guide has betrayed me--but he shall pay for it! Where is he?"
"I don't know. In the stable, I fancy. But somebody told me--"
"Who told you? It can't be the old hag--"
"Some one I don't know. Without more parleying, tell me, yes or no,
have you any reason for not waiting till the soldiers come? If you
have any, lose no time! If not, good-night to you, and forgive me for
having disturbed your slumbers!"
"Ah, your guide! Your guide! I had my doubts of him at first--but--
I'll settle with him! Farewell, senor. May God reward you for the
service I owe you! I am not quite so wicked as you think me. Yes, I
still have something in me that an honest man may pity. Farewell,
senor! I have only one regret--that I can not pay my debt to you!"
"As a reward for the service I have done you, Don Jose, promise me
you'll suspect nobody--nor seek for vengeance. Here are some cigars
for your journey. Good luck to you." And I held out my hand to him.
He squeezed it, without a word, took up his wallet and blunderbuss,
and after saying a few words to the old woman in a lingo that I could
not understand, he ran out to the shed. A few minutes later, I heard
him galloping out into the country.
As for me, I lay down again on my bench, but I did not go to sleep
again. I queried in my own mind whether I had done right to save a
robber, and possibly a murderer, from the gallows, simply and solely
because I had eaten ham and rice in his company. Had I not betrayed my
guide, who was supporting the cause of law and order? Had I not
exposed him to a ruffian's vengeance? But then, what about the laws of
hospitality?
"A mere savage prejudice," said I to myself. "I shall have to answer
for all the crimes this brigand may commit in future." Yet is that
instinct of the conscience which resists every argument really a
prejudice? It may be I could not have escaped from the delicate
position in which I found myself without remorse of some kind. I was
still tossed to and fro, in the greatest uncertainty as to the
morality of my behaviour, when I saw half a dozen horsemen ride up,
with Antonio prudently lagging behind them. I went to meet them, and
told them the brigand had fled over two hours previously. The old
woman, when she was questioned by the sergeant, admitted that she knew
Navarro, but said that living alone, as she did, she would never have
dared to risk her life by informing against him. She added that when
he came to her house, he habitually went away in the middle of the
night. I, for my part, was made to ride to a place some leagues away,
where I showed my passport, and signed a declaration before the
/Alcalde/. This done, I was allowed to recommence my archaeological
investigations. Antonio was sulky with me; suspecting it was I who had
prevented his earning those two hundred ducats. Nevertheless, we
parted good friends at Cordova, where I gave him as large a gratuity
as the state of my finances would permit.
CHAPTER II
I spent several days at Cordova. I had been told of a certain
manuscript in the library of the Dominican convent which was likely to
furnish me with very interesting details about the ancient Munda. The
good fathers gave me the most kindly welcome. I spent the daylight
hours within their convent, and at night I walked about the town. At
Cordova a great many idlers collect, toward sunset, in the quay that
runs along the right bank of the Guadalquivir. Promenaders on the spot
have to breathe the odour of a tan yard which still keeps up the
ancient fame of the country in connection with the curing of leather.
But to atone for this, they enjoy a sight which has a charm of its
own. A few minutes before the Angelus bell rings, a great company of
women gathers beside the river, just below the quay, which is rather a
high one. Not a man would dare to join its ranks. The moment the
Angelus rings, darkness is supposed to have fallen. As the last stroke
sounds, all the women disrobe and step into the water. Then there is
laughing and screaming and a wonderful clatter. The men on the upper
quay watch the bathers, straining their eyes, and seeing very little.
Yet the white uncertain outlines perceptible against the dark-blue
waters of the stream stir the poetic mind, and the possessor of a
little fancy finds it not difficult to imagine that Diana and her
nymphs are bathing below, while he himself runs no risk of ending like
Acteon.
I have been told that one day a party of good-for-nothing fellows
banded themselves together, and bribed the bell-ringer at the
cathedral to ring the Angelus some twenty minutes before the proper
hour. Though it was still broad daylight, the nymphs of the
Guadalquivir never hesitated, and putting far more trust in the
Angelus bell than in the sun, they proceeded to their bathing
toilette--always of the simplest-- with an easy conscience. I was not
present on that occasion. In my day, the bell-ringer was
incorruptible, the twilight was very dim, and nobody but a cat could
have distinguished the difference between the oldest orange woman, and
the prettiest shop-girl, in Cordova.
One evening, after it had grown quite dusk, I was leaning over the
parapet of the quay, smoking, when a woman came up the steps leading
from the river, and sat down near me. In her hair she wore a great
bunch of jasmine--a flower which, at night, exhales a most
intoxicating perfume. She was dressed simply, almost poorly, in black,
as most work-girls are dressed in the evening. Women of the richer
class only wear black in the daytime, at night they dress /a la
francesa/. When she drew near me, the woman let the mantilla which had
covered her head drop on her shoulders, and "by the dim light falling
from the stars" I perceived her to be young, short in stature, well-
proportioned, and with very large eyes. I threw my cigar away at once.
She appreciated this mark of courtesy, essentially French, and
hastened to inform me that she was very fond of the smell of tobacco,
and that she even smoked herself, when she could get very mild
/papelitos/. I fortunately happened to have some such in my case, and
at once offered them to her. She condescended to take one, and lighted
it at a burning string which a child brought us, receiving a copper
for its pains. We mingled our smoke, and talked so long, the fair lady
and I, that we ended by being almost alone on the quay. I thought I
might venture, without impropriety, to suggest our going to eat an ice
at the /neveria/.* After a moment of modest demur, she agreed. But
before finally accepting, she desired to know what o'clock it was. I
struck my repeater, and this seemed to astound her greatly.
* A /café/ to which a depot of ice, or rather of snow, is attached.
There is hardly a village in Spain without its /neveria/.
"What clever inventions you foreigners do have! What country do you
belong to, sir? You're an Englishman, no doubt!"*
* Every traveller in Spain who does not carry about samples of
calicoes and silks is taken for an Englishman (/inglesito/). It is
the same thing in the East.
"I'm a Frenchman, and your devoted servant. And you, senora, or
senorita, you probably belong to Cordova?"
"No."
"At all events, you are an Andalusian? Your soft way of speaking makes
me think so."
"If you notice people's accent so closely, you must be able to guess
what I am."
"I think you are from the country of Jesus, two paces out of
Paradise."
I had learned the metaphor, which stands for Andalusia, from my friend
Francisco Sevilla, a well-known /picador/.
"Pshaw! The people here say there is no place in Paradise for us!"
"Then perhaps you are of Moorish blood--or----" I stopped, not
venturing to add "a Jewess."
"Oh come! You must see I'm a gipsy! Wouldn't you like me to tell you
/la baji/?* Did you never hear tell of Carmencita? That's who I am!"
* Your fortune.
I was such a miscreant in those days--now fifteen years ago--that the
close proximity of a sorceress did not make me recoil in horror. "So
be it!" I thought. "Last week I ate my supper with a highway robber.
To-day I'll go and eat ices with a servant of the devil. A traveller
should see everything." I had yet another motive for prosecuting her
acquaintance. When I left college--I acknowledge it with shame--I had
wasted a certain amount of time in studying occult science, and had
even attempted, more than once, to exorcise the powers of darkness.
Though I had been cured, long since, of my passion for such
investigations, I still felt a certain attraction and curiosity with
regard to all superstitions, and I was delighted to have this
opportunity of discovering how far the magic art had developed among
the gipsies.
Talking as we went, we had reached the /neveria/, and seated ourselves
at a little table, lighted by a taper protected by a glass globe. I
then had time to take a leisurely view of my /gitana/, while several
worthy individuals, who were eating their ices, stared open-mouthed at
beholding me in such gay company.
I very much doubt whether Senorita Carmen was a pure-blooded gipsy. At
all events, she was infinitely prettier than any other woman of her
race I have ever seen. For a women to be beautiful, they say in Spain,
she must fulfil thirty /ifs/, or, if it please you better, you must be
able to define her appearance by ten adjectives, applicable to three
portions of her person.
For instance, three things about her must be black, her eyes, her
eyelashes, and her eyebrows. Three must be dainty, her fingers, her
lips, her hair, and so forth. For the rest of this inventory, see
Brantome. My gipsy girl could lay no claim to so many perfections. Her
skin, though perfectly smooth, was almost of a copper hue. Her eyes
were set obliquely in her head, but they were magnificent and large.
Her lips, a little full, but beautifully shaped, revealed a set of
teeth as white as newly skinned almonds. Her hair--a trifle coarse,
perhaps--was black, with blue lights on it like a raven's wing, long
and glossy. Not to weary my readers with too prolix a description, I
will merely add, that to every blemish she united some advantage,
which was perhaps all the more evident by contrast. There was
something strange and wild about her beauty. Her face astonished you,
at first sight, but nobody could forget it. Her eyes, especially, had
an expression of mingled sensuality and fierceness which I had never
seen in any other human glance. "Gipsy's eye, wolf's eye!" is a
Spanish saying which denotes close observation. If my readers have no
time to go to the "Jardin des Plantes" to study the wolf's expression,
they will do well to watch the ordinary cat when it is lying in wait
for a sparrow.
It will be understood that I should have looked ridiculous if I had
proposed to have my fortune told in a /café/. I therefore begged the
pretty witch's leave to go home with her. She made no difficulties
about consenting, but she wanted to know what o'clock it was again,
and requested me to make my repeater strike once more.
"Is it really gold?" she said, gazing at it with rapt attention.
When we started off again, it was quite dark. Most of the shops were
shut, and the streets were almost empty. We crossed the bridge over
the Guadalquivir, and at the far end of the suburb we stopped in front
of a house of anything but palatial appearance. The door was opened by
a child, to whom the gipsy spoke a few words in a language unknown to
me, which I afterward understood to be /Romany/, or /chipe calli/--the
gipsy idiom. The child instantly disappeared, leaving us in sole
possession of a tolerably spacious room, furnished with a small table,
two stools, and a chest. I must not forget to mention a jar of water,
a pile of oranges, and a bunch of onions.
As soon as we were left alone, the gipsy produced, out of her chest, a
pack of cards, bearing signs of constant usage, a magnet, a dried
chameleon, and a few other indispensable adjuncts of her art. Then she
bade me cross my left hand with a silver coin, and the magic
ceremonies duly began. It is unnecessary to chronicle her predictions,
and as for the style of her performance, it proved her to be no mean
sorceress.
Unluckily we were soon disturbed. The door was suddenly burst open,
and a man, shrouded to the eyes in a brown cloak, entered the room,
apostrophizing the gipsy in anything but gentle terms. What he said I
could not catch, but the tone of his voice revealed the fact that he
was in a very evil temper. The gipsy betrayed neither surprise nor
anger at his advent, but she ran to meet him, and with a most striking
volubility, she poured out several sentences in the mysterious
language she had already used in my presence. The word /payllo/,
frequently reiterated, was the only one I understood. I knew that the
gipsies use it to describe all men not of their own race. Concluding
myself to be the subject of this discourse, I was prepared for a
somewhat delicate explanation. I had already laid my hand on the leg
of one of the stools, and was studying within myself to discover the
exact moment at which I had better throw it at his head, when, roughly
pushing the gipsy to one side, the man advanced toward me. Then with a
step backward he cried:
"What, sir! Is it you?"
I looked at him in my turn and recognised my friend Don Jose. At that
moment I did feel rather sorry I had saved him from the gallows.
"What, is it you, my good fellow?" I exclaimed, with as easy a smile
as I could muster. "You have interrupted this young lady just when she
was foretelling me most interesting things!"
"The same as ever. There shall be an end to it!" he hissed between his
teeth, with a savage glance at her.
Meanwhile the /gitana/ was still talking to him in her own tongue. She
became more and more excited. Her eyes grew fierce and bloodshot, her
features contracted, she stamped her foot. She seemed to me to be
earnestly pressing him to do something he was unwilling to do. What
this was I fancied I understood only too well, by the fashion in which
she kept drawing her little hand backward and forward under her chin.
I was inclined to think she wanted to have somebody's throat cut, and
I had a fair suspicion the throat in question was my own. To all her
torrent of eloquence Don Jose's only reply was two or three shortly
spoken words. At this the gipsy cast a glance of the most utter scorn
at him, then, seating herself Turkish-fashion in a corner of the room,
she picked out an orange, tore off the skin, and began to eat it.
Don Jose took hold of my arm, opened the door, and led me into the
street. We walked some two hundred paces in the deepest silence. Then
he stretched out his hand.
"Go straight on," he said, "and you'll come to the bridge."
That instant he turned his back on me and departed at a great pace. I
took my way back to my inn, rather crestfallen, and considerably out
of temper. The worst of all was that, when I undressed, I discovered
my watch was missing.
Various considerations prevented me from going to claim it next day,
or requesting the /Corregidor/ to be good enough to have a search made
for it. I finished my work on the Dominican manuscript, and went on to
Seville. After several months spent wandering hither and thither in
Andalusia, I wanted to get back to Madrid, and with that object I had
to pass through Cordova. I had no intention of making any stay there,
for I had taken a dislike to that fair city, and to the ladies who
bathed in the Guadalquivir. Nevertheless, I had some visits to pay,
and certain errands to do, which must detain me several days in the
old capital of the Mussulman princes.
The moment I made my appearance in the Dominican convent, one of the
monks, who had always shown the most lively interest in my inquiries
as to the site of the battlefield of Munda, welcomed me with open
arms, exclaiming:
"Praised be God! You are welcome! My dear friend. We all thought you
were dead, and I myself have said many a /pater/ and ave/ (not that I
regret them!) for your soul. Then you weren't murdered, after all?
That you were robbed, we know!"
"What do you mean?" I asked, rather astonished.
"Oh, you know! That splendid repeater you used to strike in the
library whenever we said it was time for us to go into church. Well,
it has been found, and you'll get it back."
"Why," I broke in, rather put out of countenance, "I lost it--"
"The rascal's under lock and key, and as he was known to be a man who
would shoot any Christian for the sake of a /peseta/, we were most
dreadfully afraid he had killed you. I'll go with you to the
/Corregidor/, and he'll give you back your fine watch. And after that,
you won't dare to say the law doesn't do its work properly in Spain."
"I assure you," said I, "I'd far rather lose my watch than have to
give evidence in court to hang a poor unlucky devil, and especially
because--because----"
"Oh, you needn't be alarmed! He's thoroughly done for; they might hang
him twice over. But when I say hang, I say wrong. Your thief is an
/Hidalgo/. So he's to be garrotted the day after to-morrow, without
fail.* So you see one theft more or less won't affect his position.
Would to God he had done nothing but steal! But he has committed
several murders, one more hideous than the other."
* In 1830, the noble class still enjoyed this privilege. Nowadays,
under the constitutional /regime/, commoners have attained the
same dignity.
"What's his name?"
"In this country he is only known as Jose Navarro, but he has another
Basque name, which neither your nor I will ever be able to pronounce.
By the way, the man is worth seeing, and you, who like to study the
peculiar features of each country, shouldn't lose this chance of
noting how a rascal bids farewell to this world in Spain. He is in
jail, and Father Martinez will take you to him."
So bent was my Dominican friend on my seeing the preparations for this
"neat little hanging job" that I was fain to agree. I went to see the
prisoner, having provided myself with a bundle of cigars, which I
hoped might induce him to forgive my intrusion.
I was ushered into Don Jose's presence just as he was sitting at
table. He greeted me with a rather distant nod, and thanked me civilly
for the present I had brought him. Having counted the cigars in the
bundle I had placed in his hand, he took out a certain number and
returned me the rest, remarking that he would not need any more of
them.
I inquired whether by laying out a little money, or by applying to my
friends, I might not be able to do something to soften his lot. He
shrugged his shoulders, to begin with, smiling sadly. Soon, as by an
after-thought, he asked me to have a mass said for the repose of his
soul.
Then he added nervously: "Would you--would you have another said for a
person who did you a wrong?"
"Assuredly I will, my dear fellow," I answered. "But no one in this
country has wronged me so far as I know."
He took my hand and squeezed it, looking very grave. After a moment's
silence, he spoke again.
"Might I dare to ask another service of you? When you go back to your
own country perhaps you will pass through Navarre. At all events
you'll go by Vittoria, which isn't very far off."
"Yes," said I, "I shall certainly pass through Vittoria. But I may
very possibly go round by Pampeluna, and for your sake, I believe I
should be very glad to do it."
"Well, if you do go to Pampeluna, you'll see more than one thing that
will interest you. It's a fine town. I'll give you this medal," he
showed me a little silver medal that he wore hung around his neck.
"You'll wrap it up in paper"--he paused a moment to master his emotion
--"and you'll take it, or send it, to an old lady whose address I'll
give you. Tell her I am dead--but don't tell her how I died."
I promised to perform his commission. I saw him the next day, and
spent part of it in his company. From his lips I learned the sad
incidents that follow.
CHAPTER III
"I was born," he said, "at Elizondo, in the valley of Baztan. My name
is Don Jose Lizzarrabengoa, and you know enough of Spain, sir, to know
at once, by my name, that I come of an old Christian and Basque stock.
I call myself Don, because I have a right to it, and if I were at
Elizondo I could show you my parchment genealogy. My family wanted me
to go into the church, and made me study for it, but I did not like
work. I was too fond of playing tennis, and that was my ruin. When we
Navarrese begin to play tennis, we forget everything else. One day,
when I had won the game, a young fellow from Alava picked a quarrel
with me. We took to our /maquilas/,* and I won again. But I had to
leave the neighbourhood. I fell in with some dragoons, and enlisted in
the Almanza Cavalry Regiment. Mountain folks like us soon learn to be
soldiers. Before long I was a corporal, and I had been told I should
soon be made a sergeant, when, to my misfortune, I was put on guard at
the Seville Tobacco Factory. If you have been to Seville you have seen
the great building, just outside the ramparts, close to the
Guadalquivir; I can fancy I see the entrance, and the guard room just
beside it, even now. When Spanish soldiers are on duty, they either
play cards or go to sleep. I, like an honest Navarrese, always tried
to keep myself busy. I was making a chain to hold my priming-pin, out
of a bit of wire: all at once, my comrades said, 'there's the bell
ringing, the girls are coming back to work.' You must know, sir, that
there are quite four or five hundred women employed in the factory.
They roll the cigars in a great room into which no man can go without
a permit from the /Veintiquatro/,** because when the weather is hot
they make themselves at home, especially the young ones. When the
work-girls come back after their dinner, numbers of young men go down
to see them pass by, and talk all sorts of nonsense to them. Very few
of those young ladies will refuse a silk mantilla, and men who care
for that sort of sport have nothing to do but bend down and pick their
fish up. While the others watched the girls go by, I stayed on my
bench near the door. I was a young fellow then--my heart was still in
my own country, and I didn't believe in any pretty girls who hadn't
blue skirts and long plaits of hair falling on their shoulders.*** And
besides, I was rather afraid of the Andalusian women. I had not got
used to their ways yet; they were always jeering one--never spoke a
single word of sense. So I was sitting with my nose down upon my
chain, when I heard some bystanders say, 'Here comes the /gitanella/!'
Then I lifted up my eyes, and I saw her! It was that very Carmen you
know, and in whose rooms I met you a few months ago.
* Iron-shod sticks used by the Basques.
** Magistrate in charge of the municipal police arrangements, and
local government regulations.
*** The costume usually worn by peasant women in Navarre and the
Basque Provinces.
"She was wearing a very short skirt, below which her white silk
stockings--with more than one hole in them--and her dainty red morocco
shoes, fastened with flame-coloured ribbons, were clearly seen. She
had thrown her mantilla back, to show her shoulders, and a great bunch
of acacia that was thrust into her chemise. She had another acacia
blossom in the corner of her mouth, and she walked along, swaying her
hips, like a filly from the Cordova stud farm. In my country anybody
who had seen a woman dressed in that fashion would have crossed
himself. At Seville every man paid her some bold compliment on her
appearance. She had an answer for each and all, with her hand on her
hip, as bold as the thorough gipsy she was. At first I didn't like her
looks, and I fell to my work again. But she, like all women and cats,
who won't come if you call them, and do come if you don't call them,
stopped short in front of me, and spoke to me.
" '/Compadre/,' said she, in the Andalusian fashion, 'won't you give
me your chain for the keys of my strong box?'
" 'It's for my priming-pin,' said I.
" 'Your priming-pin!' she cried, with a laugh. 'Oho! I suppose the
gentleman makes lace, as he wants pins!'
"Everybody began to laugh, and I felt myself getting red in the face,
and couldn't hit on anything in answer.
" 'Come, my love!' she began again, 'make me seven ells of lace for my
mantilla, my pet pin-maker!'
"And taking the acacia blossom out of her mouth she flipped it at me
with her thumb so that it hit me just between the eyes. I tell you,
sir, I felt as if a bullet had struck me. I didn't know which way to
look. I sat stock-still, like a wooden board. When she had gone into
the factory, I saw the acacia blossom, which had fallen on the ground
between my feet. I don't know what made me do it, but I picked it up,
unseen by any of my comrades, and put it carefully inside my jacket.
That was my first folly.
"Two or three hours later I was still thinking about her, when a
panting, terrified-looking porter rushed into the guard-room. He told
us a woman had been stabbed in the great cigar-room, and that the
guard must be sent in at once. The sergeant told me to take two men,
and go and see to it. I took my two men and went upstairs. Imagine,
sir, that when I got into the room, I found, to begin with, some three
hundred women, stripped to their shifts, or very near it, all of them
screaming and yelling and gesticulating, and making such a row that
you couldn't have heard God's own thunder. On one side of the room one
of the women was lying on the broad of her back, streaming with blood,
with an X newly cut on her face by two strokes of a knife. Opposite
the wounded woman, whom the best-natured of the band were attending, I
saw Carmen, held by five or six of her comrades. The wounded woman was
crying out, 'A confessor, a confessor! I'm killed!' Carmen said
nothing at all. She clinched her teeth and rolled her eyes like a
chameleon. 'What's this?' I asked. I had hard work to find out what
had happened, for all the work-girls talked at once. It appeared that
the injured girl had boasted she had money enough in her pocket to buy
a donkey at the Triana Market. 'Why,' said Carmen, who had a tongue of
her own, 'can't you do with a broom?' Stung by this taunt, it may be
because she felt herself rather unsound in that particular, the other
girl replied that she knew nothing about brooms, seeing she had not
the honour of being either a gipsy or one of the devil's godchildren,
but that the Senorita Carmen would shortly make acquaintance with her
donkey, when the /Corregidor/ took her out riding with two lackeys
behind her to keep the flies off. 'Well,' retorted Carmen, 'I'll make
troughs for the flies to drink out of on your cheeks, and I'll paint a
draught-board on them!'* And thereupon, slap, bank! She began making
St. Andrew's crosses on the girl's face with a knife she had been
using for cutting off the ends of the cigars.
* /Pintar un javeque/, "paint a xebec," a particular type of ship.
Most Spanish vessels of this description have a checkered red and
white stripe painted around them.
"The case was quite clear. I took hold of Carmen's arm. 'Sister mine,'
I said civilly, 'you must come with me.' She shot a glance of
recognition at me, but she said, with a resigned look: 'Let's be off.
Where is my mantilla?' She put it over her head so that only one of
her great eyes was to be seen, and followed my two men, as quiet as a
lamb. When we got to the guardroom the sergeant said it was a serious
job, and he must send her to prison. I was told off again to take her
there. I put her between two dragoons, as a corporal does on such
occasions. We started off for the town. The gipsy had begun by holding
her tongue. But when we got to the /Calle de la Serpiente/--you know
it, and that it earns its name by its many windings--she began by
dropping her mantilla on to her shoulders, so as to show me her
coaxing little face, and turning round to me as well as she could, she
said:
" '/Oficial mio/, where are you taking me to?'
" 'To prison, my poor child,' I replied, as gently as I could, just as
any kind-hearted soldier is bound to speak to a prisoner, and
especially to a woman.
" 'Alack! What will become of me! Senor Oficial, have pity on me! You
are so young, so good-looking.' Then, in a lower tone, she said, 'Let
me get away, and I'll give you a bit of the /bar lachi/, that will
make every woman fall in love with you!'
"The /bar lachi/, sir, is the loadstone, with which the gipsies
declare one who knows how to use it can cast any number of spells. If
you can make a woman drink a little scrap of it, powdered, in a glass
of white wine, she'll never be able to resist you. I answered, as
gravely as I could:
" 'We are not here to talk nonsense. You'll have to go to prison.
Those are my orders, and there's no help for it!'
"We men from the Basque country have an accent which all Spaniards
easily recognise; on the other hand, not one of them can ever learn to
say /Bai, jaona/!*
* Yes, sir.
"So Carmen easily guessed I was from the Provinces. You know, sir,
that the gipsies, who belong to no particular country, and are always
moving about, speak every language, and most of them are quite at home
in Portugal, in France, in our Provinces, in Catalonia, or anywhere
else. They can even make themselves understood by Moors and English
people. Carmen knew Basque tolerably well.
" '/Laguna ene bihotsarena/, comrade of my heart,' said she suddenly.
'Do you belong to our country?'
"Our language is so beautiful, sir, that when we hear it in a foreign
country it makes us quiver. I wish," added the bandit in a lower tone,
"I could have a confessor from my own country."
After a silence, he began again.
" 'I belong to Elizondo,' I answered in Basque, very much affected by
the sound of my own language.
" 'I come from Etchalar,' said she (that's a district about four
hours' journey from my home). 'I was carried off to Seville by the
gipsies. I was working in the factory to earn enough money to take me
back to Navarre, to my poor old mother, who has no support in the
world but me, besides her little /barratcea/* with twenty cider-apple
trees in it. Ah! if I were only back in my own country, looking up at
the white mountains! I have been insulted here, because I don't belong
to this land of rogues and sellers of rotten oranges; and those
hussies are all banded together against me, because I told them that
not all their Seville /jacques/,** and all their knives, would
frighten an honest lad from our country, with his blue cap and his
/maquila/! Good comrade, won't you do anything to help your own
countrywoman?'
* Field, garden.
** Bravos, boasters.
"She was lying then, sir, as she has always lied. I don't know that
that girl ever spoke a word of truth in her life, but when she did
speak, I believed her--I couldn't help myself. She mangled her Basque
words, and I believed she came from Navarre. But her eyes and her
mouth and her skin were enough to prove she was a gipsy. I was mad, I
paid no more attention to anything, I thought to myself that if the
Spaniards had dared to speak evil of my country, I would have slashed
their faces just as she had slashed her comrade's. In short, I was
like a drunken man, I was beginning to say foolish things, and I was
very near doing them.
" 'If I were to give you a push and you tumbled down, good fellow-
countryman,' she began again in Basque, 'those two Castilian recruits
wouldn't be able to keep me back.'
"Faith, I forgot my orders, I forgot everything, and I said to her,
'Well, then, my friend, girl of my country, try it, and may our Lady
of the Mountain help you through.'
"Just at that moment we were passing one of the many narrow lanes one
sees in Seville. All at once Carmen turned and struck me in the chest
with her fist. I tumbled backward, purposely. With a bound she sprang
over me, and ran off, showing us a pair of legs! People talk about a
pair of Basque legs! but hers were far better--as fleet as they were
well-turned. As for me, I picked myself up at once, but I stuck out my
lance* crossways and barred the street, so that my comrades were
checked at the very first moment of pursuit. Then I started to run
myself, and they after me--but how were we to catch her? There was no
fear of that, what with our spurs, our swords, and our lances.
* All Spanish cavalry soldiers carry lances.
"In less time than I have taken to tell you the story the prisoner had
disappeared. And besides, every gossip in the quarter covered her
flight, poked scorn at us, and pointed us in the wrong direction.
After a good deal of marching and countermarching, we had to go back
to the guard-room without a receipt from the governor of the jail.
"To avoid punishment, my men made known that Carmen had spoken to me
in Basque; and to tell the truth, it did not seem very natural that a
blow from such a little creature should have so easily overthrown a
strong fellow like me. The whole thing looked suspicious, or, at all
events, not over-clear. When I came off guard I lost my corporal's
stripes, and was condemned to a month's imprisonment. It was the first
time I had been punished since I had been in the service. Farewell,
now, to the sergeant's stripes, on which I had reckoned so surely!
"The first days in prison were very dreary. When I enlisted I had
fancied I was sure to become an officer, at all events. Two of my
compatriots, Longa and Mina, are captains-general, after all.
Chapalangarra was a colonel, and I have played tennis a score of times
with his brother, who was just a needy fellow like myself. 'Now,' I
kept crying to myself, 'all the time you served without being punished
has been lost. Now you have a bad mark against your name, and to get
yourself back into the officers' good graces you'll have to work ten
times as hard as when you joined as a recruit.' And why have I got
myself punished? For the sake of a gipsy hussy, who made game of me,
and who at this moment is busy thieving in some corner of the town.
Yet I couldn't help thinking about her. Will you believe it, sir,
those silk stockings of hers with the holes in them, of which she had
given me such a full view as she took to her heels, were always before
my eyes? I used to look through the barred windows of the jail into
the street, and among all the women who passed I never could see one
to compare with that minx of a girl--and then, in spite of myself, I
used to smell the acacia blossom she had thrown at me, and which, dry
as it was, still kept its sweet scent. If there are such things as
witches, that girl certainly was one.
"One day the jailer came in, and gave me an Alcala roll.*
* /Alcala de los Panaderos/, a village two leagues from Seville,
where the most delicious rolls are made. They are said to owe
their quality to the water of the place, and great quantities of
them are brought to Seville every day.
" 'Look here,' said he, 'this is what your cousin has sent you.'
"I took the loaf, very much astonished, for I had no cousin in
Seville. It may be a mistake, thought I, as I looked at the roll, but
it was so appetizing and smelt so good, that I made up my mind to eat
it, without troubling my head as to whence it came, or for whom it was
really intended.
"When I tried to cut it, my knife struck on something hard. I looked,
and found a little English file, which had been slipped into the dough
before the roll had been baked. The roll also contained a gold piece
of two piastres. Then I had no further doubt--it was a present from
Carmen. To people of her blood, liberty is everything, and they would
set a town on fire to save themselves one day in prison. The girl was
artful, indeed, and armed with that roll, I might have snapped my
fingers at the jailers. In one hour, with that little file, I could
have sawn through the thickest bar, and with the gold coin I could
have exchanged my soldier's cloak for civilian garb at the nearest
shop. You may fancy that a man who has often taken the eaglets out of
their nests in our cliff would have found no difficulty in getting
down to the street out of a window less than thirty feet above it. But
I didn't choose to escape. I still had a soldier's code of honour, and
desertion appeared to me in the light of a heinous crime. Yet this
proof of remembrance touched me. When a man is in prison he likes to
think he has a friend outside who takes an interest in him. The gold
coin did rather offend me; I should have very much liked to return it;
but where was I to find my creditor? That did not seem a very easy
task.
"After the ceremony of my degradation I had fancied my sufferings were
over, but I had another humiliation before me. That came when I left
prison, and was told off for duty, and put on sentry, as a private
soldier. You can not conceive what a proud man endures at such a
moment. I believe I would have just as soon been shot dead--then I
should have marched alone at the head of my platoon, at all events; I
should have felt I was somebody, with the eyes of others fixed upon
me.
"I was posted as sentry on the door of the colonel's house. The
colonel was a young man, rich, good-natured, fond of amusing himself.
All the young officers were there, and many civilians as well, besides
ladies--actresses, as it was said. For my part, it seemed to me as if
the whole town had agreed to meet at that door, in order to stare at
me. Then up drove the colonel's carriage, with his valet on the box.
And who should I see get out of it, but the gipsy girl! She was
dressed up, this time, to the eyes, togged out in golden ribbons--a
spangled gown, blue shoes, all spangled too, flowers and gold lace all
over her. In her hand she carried a tambourine. With her there were
two other gipsy women, one young and one old. They always have one old
woman who goes with them, and then an old man with a guitar, a gipsy
too, to play alone, and also for their dances. You must know these
gipsy girls are often sent for to private houses, to dance their
special dance, the /Romalis/, and often, too, for quite other
purposes.
"Carmen recognised me, and we exchanged glances. I don't know why, but
at that moment I should have liked to have been a hundred feet beneath
the ground.
" '/Agur laguna/,'* said she. 'Oficial mio! You keep guard like a
recruit,' and before I could find a word in answer, she was inside the
house.
* Good-day, comrade!
"The whole party was assembled in the /patio/, and in spite of the
crowd I could see nearly everything that went on through the lattice.*
I could hear the castanets and the tambourine, the laughter and
applause. Sometimes I caught a glimpse of her head as she bounded
upward with her tambourine. Then I could hear the officers saying many
things to her which brought the blood to my face. As to her answers, I
knew nothing of them. It was on that day, I think, that I began to
love her in earnest--for three or four times I was tempted to rush
into the /patio/, and drive my sword into the bodies of all the
coxcombs who were making love to her. My torture lasted a full hour;
then the gipsies came out, and the carriage took them away. As she
passed me by, Carmen looked at me with those eyes you know, and said
to me very low, 'Comrade, people who are fond of good /fritata/ come
to eat it at Lillas Pastia's at Triana!'
* In most of the houses in Seville there is an inner court
surrounded by an arched portico. This is used as a sitting-room in
summer. Over the court is stretched a piece of tent cloth, which
is watered during the day and removed at night. The street door is
almost always left open, and the passage leading to the court
(/zaguan/) is closed by an iron lattice of very elegant
workmanship.
"Then, light as a kid, she stepped into the carriage, the coachman
whipped up his mules, and the whole merry party departed, whither I
know not.
"You may fancy that the moment I was off guard I went to Triana; but
first of all I got myself shaved and brushed myself up as if I had
been going on parade. She was living with Lillas Pastia, an old fried-
fish seller, a gipsy, as black as a Moor, to whose house a great many
civilians resorted to eat /fritata/, especially, I think, because
Carmen had taken up her quarters there.
" 'Lillas,' she said, as soon as she saw me. 'I'm not going to work
any more to-day. To-morrow will be a day, too.* Come, fellow-
countryman, let us go for a walk!'
* /Manana sera otro dia./--A Spanish proverb.
"She pulled her mantilla across her nose, and there we were in the
street, without my knowing in the least whither I was bound.
" 'Senorita,' said I, 'I think I have to thank you for a present I had
while I was in prison. I've eaten the bread; the file will do for
sharpening my lance, and I keep it in remembrance of you. But as for
the money, here it is.'
" 'Why, he's kept the money!' she exclaimed, bursting out laughing.
'But, after all, that's all the better--for I'm decidedly hard up!
What matter! The dog that runs never starves!* Come, let's spend it
all! You shall treat.'
* /Chuquel sos pirela, cocal terela. "The dog that runs finds a
bone."--Gipsy proverb.
"We had turned back toward Seville. At the entrance of the /Calle de
la Serpiente/ she bought a dozen oranges, which she made me put into
my handkerchief. A little farther on she bought a roll, a sausage, and
a bottle of manzanilla. Then, last of all, she turned into a
confectioner's shop. There she threw the gold coin I had returned to
her on the counter, with another she had in her pocket, and some small
silver, and then she asked me for all the money I had. All I possessed
was one peseta and a few cuartos, which I handed over to her, very
much ashamed of not having more. I thought she would have carried away
the whole shop. She took everything that was best and dearest,
/yemas/,* /turon/,** preserved fruits--as long as the money lasted.
And all these, too, I had to carry in paper bags. Perhaps you know the
/Calle del Candilejo/, where there is a head of Don Pedro the
Avenger.*** That head ought to have given me pause. We stopped at an
old house in that street. She passed into the entry, and knocked at a
door on the ground floor. It was opened by a gipsy, a thorough-paced
servant of the devil. Carmen said a few words to her in Romany. At
first the old hag grumbled. To smooth her down Carmen gave her a
couple of oranges and a handful of sugar-plums, and let her have a
taste of wine. Then she hung her cloak on her back, and led her to the
door, which she fastened with a wooden bar. As soon as we were alone
she began to laugh and caper like a lunatic, singing out, 'You are my
/rom/, I'm your /romi/.'****
* Sugared yolks of eggs.
** A sort of nougat.
*** This king, Don Pedro, whom we call "the Cruel," and whom Queen
Isabella, the Catholic, never called anything but "the Avenger,"
was fond of walking about the streets of Seville at night in
search of adventures, like the Caliph Haroun al Raschid. One
night, in a lonely street, he quarrelled with a man who was
singing a serenade. There was a fight, and the king killed the
amorous /caballero/. At the clashing of their swords, an old woman
put her head out of the window and lighted up the scene with a
tiny lamp (candilejo) which she held in her hand. My readers must
be informed that King Don Pedro, though nimble and muscular,
suffered from one strange fault in his physical conformation.
Whenever he walked his knees cracked loudly. By this cracking the
old woman easily recognised him. The next day the /veintiquatro/
in charge came to make his report to the king. "Sir, a duel was
fought last night in such a street--one of the combatants is
dead." "Have you found the murderer?" "Yes, sir." "Why has he not
been punished already?" "Sir, I await your orders!" "Carry out the
law." Now the king had just published a decree that every duellist
was to have his head cut off, and that head was to be set up on
the scene of the fight. The /veintiquatro/ got out of the
difficulty like a clever man. He had the head sawed off a statue
of the king, and set that up in a niche in the middle of the
street in which the murder had taken place. The king and all the
Sevillians thought this a very good joke. The street took its name
from the lamp held by the old woman, the only witness of the
incident. The above is the popular tradition. Zuniga tells the
story somewhat differently. However that may be, a street called
/Calle del Candilejo/ still exists in Seville, and in that street
there is a bust which is said to be a portrait of Don Pedro. This
bust, unfortunately, is a modern production. During the
seventeenth century the old one had become very much defaced, and
the municipality had it replaced by that now to be seen.
**** /Rom/, husband. /Romi/, wife.
"There I stood in the middle of the room, laden with all her
purchases, and not knowing where I was to put them down. She tumbled
them all onto the floor, and threw her arms round my neck, saying:
" 'I pay my debts, I pay my debts! That's the law of the /Cales/.'*
* /Calo/, feminine /calli/, plural /cales/. Literally "black," the
name the gipsies apply to themselves in their own language.
"Ah, sir, that day! that day! When I think of it I forget what
to-morrow must bring me!"
For a moment the bandit held his peace, then, when he had relighted
his cigar, he began afresh.
"We spent the whole day together, eating, drinking, and so forth. When
she had stuffed herself with sugar-plums, like any child of six years
old, she thrust them by handfuls into the old woman's water-jar.
'That'll make sherbet for her,' she said. She smashed the /yemas/ by
throwing them against the walls. 'They'll keep the flies from
bothering us.' There was no prank or wild frolic she didn't indulge
in. I told her I should have liked to see her dance, only there were
no castanets to be had. Instantly she seized the old woman's only
earthenware plate, smashed it up, and there she was dancing the
/Romalis/, and making the bits of broken crockery rattle as well as if
they had been ebony and ivory castanets. That girl was good company, I
can tell you! Evening fell, and I heard the drums beating tattoo.
" 'I must get back to quarters for roll-call,' I said.
" 'To quarters!' she answered, with a look of scorn. 'Are you a negro
slave, to let yourself be driven with a ramrod like that! You are as
silly as a canary bird. Your dress suits your nature.* Pshaw! you've
no more heart than a chicken.'
* Spanish dragoons wear a yellow uniform.
"I stayed on, making up my mind to the inevitable guard-room. The next
morning the first suggestion of parting came from her.
" 'Hark ye, Joseito,' she said. 'Have I paid you? By our law, I owed
you nothing, because you're a /payllo/. But you're a good-looking
fellow, and I took a fancy to you. Now we're quits. Good-day!'
"I asked her when I should see her again.
" 'When you're less of a simpleton,' she retorted, with a laugh. Then,
in a more serious tone, 'Do you know, my son, I really believe I love
you a little; but that can't last! The dog and the wolf can't agree
for long. Perhaps if you turned gipsy, I might care to be your /romi/.
But that's all nonsense, such things aren't possible. Pshaw! my boy.
Believe me, you're well out of it. You've come across the devil--he
isn't always black--and you've not had your neck wrung. I wear a
woollen suit, but I'm no sheep.* Go and burn a candle to your
/majari/,** she deserves it well. Come, good-by once more. Don't think
any more about /La Carmencita/, or she'll end by making you marry a
widow with wooden legs.'***
* /Me dicas vriarda de jorpoy, bus ne sino braco/.--A gipsy proverb.
** The Saint, the Holy Virgin.
*** The gallows, which is the widow of the last man hanged upon it.
"As she spoke, she drew back the bar that closed the door, and once we
were out in the street she wrapped her mantilla about her, and turned
on her heel.
"She spoke the truth. I should have done far better never to think of
her again. But after that day in the /Calle del Candilejo/ I couldn't
think of anything else. All day long I used to walk about, hoping I
might meet her. I sought news of her from the old hag, and from the
fried-fish seller. They both told me she had gone away to /Laloro/,
which is their name for Portugal. They probably said it by Carmen's
orders, but I soon found out they were lying. Some weeks after my day
in the /Calle del Candilejo/ I was on duty at one of the town gates. A
little way from the gate there was a breach in the wall. The masons
were working at it in the daytime, and at night a sentinel was posted
on it, to prevent smugglers from getting in. All through one day I saw
Lillas Pastia going backward and forward near the guard-room, and
talking to some of my comrades. They all knew him well, and his fried-
fish and fritters even better. He came up to me, and asked if I had
any news of Carmen.
" 'No,' said I.
" 'Well,' said he, 'you'll soon hear of her, old fellow.'
"He was not mistaken. That night I was posted to guard the breach in
the wall. As soon as the sergeant had disappeared I saw a woman coming
toward me. My heart told me it was Carmen. Still I shouted:
" 'Keep off! Nobody can pass here!'
" 'Now, don't be spiteful,' she said, making herself known to me.
" 'What! you here, Carmen?'
" 'Yes, /mi payllo/. Let us say few words, but wise ones. Would you
like to earn a douro? Some people will be coming with bundles. Let
them alone.'
" 'No,' said I, 'I must not allow them through. These are my orders.'
" 'Orders! orders! You didn't think about orders in the /Calle del
Candilejo/!'
" 'Ah!' I cried, quite maddened by the very thought of that night. 'It
was well worth while to forget my orders for that! But I won't have
any smuggler's money!'
" 'Well, if you won't have money, shall we go and dine together at old
Dorotea's?'
" 'No,' said I, half choked by the effort it cost me. 'No, I can't.'
" 'Very good! If you make so many difficulties, I know to whom I can
go. I'll ask your officer if he'll come with me to Dorotea's. He looks
good-natured, and he'll post a sentry who'll only see what he had
better see. Good-bye, canary-bird! I shall have a good laugh the day
the order comes out to hang you!'
"I was weak enough to call her back, and I promised to let the whole
of gipsydom pass in, if that were necessary, so that I secured the
only reward I longed for. She instantly swore she would keep her word
faithfully the very next day, and ran off to summon her friends, who
were close by. There were five of them, of whom Pastia was one, all
well loaded with English goods. Carmen kept watch for them. She was to
warn them with her castanets the instant she caught sight of the
patrol. But there was no necessity for that. The smugglers finished
their job in a moment.
"The next day I went to the /Calle del Candilejo/. Carmen kept me
waiting, and when she came, she was in rather a bad temper.
" 'I don't like people who have to be pressed,' she said. 'You did me
a much greater service the first time, without knowing you'd gain
anything by it. Yesterday you bargained with me. I don't know why I've
come, for I don't care for you any more. Here, be off with you. Here's
a douro for your trouble.'
"I very nearly threw the coin at her head, and I had to make a violent
effort to prevent myself from actually beating her. After we had
wrangled for an hour I went off in a fury. For some time I wandered
about the town, walking hither and thither like a madman. At last I
went into a church, and getting into the darkest corner I could find,
I cried hot tears. All at once I heard a voice.
" 'A dragoon in tears. I'll make a philter of them!'
"I looked up. There was Carmen in front of me.
" 'Well, /mi payllo/, are you still angry with me?' she said. 'I must
care for you in spite of myself, for since you left me I don't know
what has been the matter with me. Look you, it is I who ask you to
come to the /Calle del Candilejo/, now!'
"So we made it up: but Carmen's temper was like the weather in our
country. The storm is never so close, in our mountains, as when the
sun is at its brightest. She had promised to meet me again at
Dorotea's, but she didn't come.
"And Dorotea began telling me again that she had gone off to Portugal
about some gipsy business.
"As experience had already taught me how much of that I was to
believe, I went about looking for Carmen wherever I thought she might
be, and twenty times in every day I walked through the /Calle del
Candilejo/. One evening I was with Dorotea, whom I had almost tamed by
giving her a glass of anisette now and then, when Carmen walked in,
followed by a young man, a lieutenant in our regiment.
" 'Get away at once,' she said to me in Basque. I stood there,
dumfounded, my heart full of rage.
" 'What are you doing here?' said the lieutenant to me. 'Take yourself
off--get out of this.'
"I couldn't move a step. I felt paralyzed. The officer grew angry, and
seeing I did not go out, and had not even taken off my forage cap, he
caught me by the collar and shook me roughly. I don't know what I said
to him. He drew his sword, and I unsheathed mine. The old woman caught
hold of my arm, and the lieutenant gave me a wound on the forehead, of
which I still bear the scar. I made a step backward, and with one jerk
of my elbow I threw old Dorotea down. Then, as the lieutenant still
pressed me, I turned the point of my sword against his body and he ran
upon it. Then Carmen put out the lamp and told Dorotea, in her own
language, to take to flight. I fled into the street myself, and began
running along, I knew not whither. It seemed to me that some one was
following me. When I came to myself I discovered that Carmen had never
left me.
" 'Great stupid of a canary-bird!' she said, 'you never make anything
but blunders. And, indeed, you know I told you I should bring you bad
luck. But come, there's a cure for everything when you have a Fleming
from Rome* for your love. Begin by rolling this handkerchief round
your head, and throw me over that belt of yours. Wait for me in this
alley--I'll be back in two minutes.
* /Flamenco de Roma/, a slang term for the gipsies. Roma does not
stand for the Eternal City, but for the nation of the /romi/, or
the married folk--a name applied by the gipsies to themselves. The
first gipsies seen in Spain probably came from the Low Countries,
hence their name of /Flemings/.
"She disappeared, and soon came back bringing me a striped cloak which
she had gone to fetch, I knew not whence. She made me take off my
uniform, and put on the cloak over my shirt. Thus dressed, and with
the wound on my head bound round with the handkerchief, I was
tolerably like a Valencian peasant, many of whom come to Seville to
sell a drink they make out of '/chufas/.'* Then she took me to a house
very much like Dorotea's, at the bottom of a little lane. Here she and
another gipsy woman washed and dressed my wounds, better than any army
surgeon could have done, gave me something, I know not what, to drink,
and finally made me lie down on a mattress, on which I went to sleep.
* A bulbous root, out of which rather a pleasant beverage is
manufactured.
"Probably the woman had mixed one of the soporific drugs of which they
know the secret in my drink, for I did not wake up till very late the
next day. I was rather feverish, and had a violent headache. It was
some time before the memory of the terrible scene in which I had taken
part on the previous night came back to me. After having dressed my
wound, Carmen and her friend, squatting on their heels beside my
mattress, exchanged a few words of '/chipe calli/,' which appeared to
me to be something in the nature of a medical consultation. Then they
both of them assured me that I should soon be cured, but that I must
get out of Seville at the earliest possible moment, for that, if I was
caught there, I should most undoubtedly be shot.
" 'My boy,' said Carmen to me, 'you'll have to do something. Now that
the king won't give you either rice or haddock* you'll have to think
of earning your livelihood. You're too stupid for stealing /a
pastesas/.** But you are brave and active. If you have the pluck, take
yourself off to the coast and turn smuggler. Haven't I promised to get
you hanged? That's better than being shot, and besides, if you set
about it properly, you'll live like a prince as long as the
/minons/*** and the coast-guard don't lay their hands on your collar.'
* The ordinary food of a Spanish soldier.
** /Ustilar a pastesas/, to steal cleverly, to purloin without
violence.
*** A sort of volunteer corps.
"In this attractive guise did this fiend of a girl describe the new
career she was suggesting to me,--the only one, indeed, remaining, now
I had incurred the penalty of death. Shall I confess it, sir? She
persuaded me without much difficulty. This wild and dangerous life, it
seemed to me, would bind her and me more closely together. In future,
I thought, I should be able to make sure of her love.
"I had often heard talk of certain smugglers who travelled about
Andalusia, each riding a good horse, with his mistress behind him and
his blunderbuss in his fist. Already I saw myself trotting up and down
the world, with a pretty gipsy behind me. When I mentioned that notion
to her, she laughed till she had to hold her sides, and vowed there
was nothing in the world so delightful as a night spent camping in the
open air, when each /rom/ retired with his /romi/ beneath their little
tent, made of three hoops with a blanket thrown across them.
" 'If I take to the mountains,' said I to her, 'I shall be sure of
you. There'll be no lieutenant there to go shares with me.'
" 'Ha! ha! you're jealous!' she retorted, 'so much the worse for you.
How can you be such a fool as that? Don't you see I must love you,
because I have never asked you for money?'
"When she said that sort to thing I could have strangled her.
"To shorten the story, sir, Carmen procured me civilian clothes,
disguised in which I got out of Seville without being recognised. I
went to Jerez, with a letter from Pastia to a dealer in anisette whose
house was the smugglers' meeting-place. I was introduced to them, and
their leader, surnamed /El Dancaire/, enrolled me in his gang. We
started for Gaucin, where I found Carmen, who had told me she would
meet me there. In all these expeditions she acted as spy for our gang,
and she was the best that ever was seen. She had now just returned
from Gibraltar, and had already arranged with the captain of a ship
for a cargo of English goods which we were to receive on the coast. We
went to meet it near Estepona. We hid part in the mountains, and laden
with the rest, we proceeded to Ronda. Carmen had gone there before us.
It was she again who warned us when we had better enter the town. This
first journey, and several subsequent ones, turned out well. I found
the smuggler's life pleasanter than a soldier's: I could give presents
to Carmen, I had money, and I had a mistress. I felt little or no
remorse, for, as the gipsies say, 'The happy man never longs to
scratch his itch.' We were made welcome everywhere, my comrades
treated me well, and even showed me a certain respect. The reason of
this was that I had killed my man, and that some of them had no
exploit of that description on their conscience. But what I valued
most in my new life was that I often saw Carmen. She showed me more
affection than ever; nevertheless, she would never admit, before my
comrades, that she was my mistress, and she had even made me swear all
sorts of oaths that I would not say anything about her to them. I was
so weak in that creature's hands, that I obeyed all her whims. And
besides, this was the first time she had revealed herself as
possessing any of the reserve of a well-conducted woman, and I was
simple enough to believe she had really cast off her former habits.
"Our gang, which consisted of eight or ten men, was hardly ever
together except at decisive moments, and we were usually scattered by
twos and threes about the towns and villages. Each one of us pretended
to have some trade. One was a tinker, another was a groom; I was
supposed to peddle haberdashery, but I hardly ever showed myself in
large places, on account of my unlucky business at Seville. One day,
or rather one night, we were to meet below Veger. /El Dancaire/ and I
got there before the others.
" 'We shall soon have a new comrade,' said he. 'Carmen has just
managed one of her best tricks. She has contrived the escape of her
/rom/, who was in the /presidio/ at Tarifa.'
"I was already beginning to understand the gipsy language, which
nearly all my comrades spoke, and this word /rom/ startled me.
"What! her husband? Is she married, then?' said I to the captain.
" 'Yes!' he replied, 'married to Garcia /el Tuerto/*--as cunning a
gipsy as she is herself. The poor fellow has been at the galleys.
Carmen has wheedled the surgeon of the /presidio/ to such good purpose
that she has managed to get her /rom/ out of prison. Faith! that
girl's worth her weight in gold. For two years she has been trying to
contrive his escape, but she could do nothing until the authorities
took it into their heads to change the surgeon. She soon managed to
come to an understanding with this new one.'
* One-eyed man.
"You may imagine how pleasant this news was for me. I soon saw Garcia
/el Tuerto/. He was the very ugliest brute that was ever nursed in
gipsydom. His skin was black, his soul was blacker, and he was
altogether the most thorough-paced ruffian I ever came across in my
life. Carmen arrived with him, and when she called him her /rom/ in my
presence, you should have seen the eyes she made at me, and the faces
she pulled whenever Garcia turned his head away.
"I was disgusted, and never spoke a word to her all night. The next
morning we had made up our packs, and had already started, when we
became aware that we had a dozen horsemen on our heels. The braggart
Andalusians, who had been boasting they would murder every one who
came near them, cut a pitiful figure at once. There was a general
rout. /El Dancaire/, Garcia, a good-looking fellow from Ecija, who was
called /El Remendado/, and Carmen herself, kept their wits about them.
The rest forsook the mules and took to the gorges, where the horses
could not follow them. There was no hope of saving the mules, so we
hastily unstrapped the best part of our booty, and taking it on our
shoulders, we tried to escape through the rocks down the steepest of
the slopes. We threw our packs down in front of us and followed them
as best we could, slipping along on our heels. Meanwhile the enemy
fired at us. It was the first time I had ever heard bullets whistling
around me and I didn't mind it very much. When there's a woman looking
on, there's no particular merit in snapping one's fingers at death. We
all escaped except the poor /Remendado/, who received a bullet wound
in the loins. I threw away my pack and tried to lift him up.
" 'Idiot!' shouted Garcia, 'what do we want with offal! Finish him
off, and don't lose the cotton stockings!'
" 'Drop him!' cried Carmen.
"I was so exhausted that I was obliged to lay him down for a moment
under a rock. Garcia came up, and fired his blunderbuss full into his
face. 'He'd be a clever fellow who recognised him now!' said he, as he
looked at the face, cut to pieces by a dozen slugs.
"There, sir; that's the delightful sort of life I've led! That night
we found ourselves in a thicket, worn out with fatigue, with nothing
to eat, and ruined by the loss of our mules. What do you think that
devil Garcia did? He pulled a pack of cards out of his pocket and
began playing games with /El Dancaire/ by the light of a fire they
kindled. Meanwhile I was lying down, staring at the stars, thinking of
/El Remendado/, and telling myself I would just as lief be in his
place. Carmen was squatting down near me, and every now and then she
would rattle her castanets and hum a tune. Then, drawing close to me,
as if she would have whispered in my ear, she kissed me two or three
times over almost against my will.
" 'You are a devil,' said I to her.
" 'Yes,' she replied.
"After a few hours' rest, she departed to Gaucin, and the next morning
a little goatherd brought us some food. We stayed there all that day,
and in the evening we moved close to Gaucin. We were expecting news
from Carmen, but none came. After daylight broke we saw a muleteer
attending a well-dressed woman with a parasol, and a little girl who
seemed to be her servant. Said Garcia, 'There go two mules and two
women whom St. Nicholas has sent us. I would rather have had four
mules, but no matter. I'll do the best I can with these.'
"He took his blunderbuss, and went down the pathway, hiding himself
among the brushwood.
"We followed him, /El Dancaire/ and I keeping a little way behind. As
soon as the woman saw us, instead of being frightened--and our dress
would have been enough to frighten any one--she burst into a fit of
loud laughter. 'Ah! the /lillipendi/! They take me for an /erani/!'*
* "The idiots, they take me for a smart lady!"
"It was Carmen, but so well disguised that if she had spoken any other
language I should never have recognised her. She sprang off her mule,
and talked some time in an undertone with /El Dancaire/ and Garcia.
Then she said to me:
" 'Canary-bird, we shall meet again before you're hanged. I'm off to
Gibraltar on gipsy business--you'll soon have news of me.'
"We parted, after she had told us of a place where we should find
shelter for some days. That girl was the providence of our gang. We
soon received some money sent by her, and a piece of news which was
still more useful to us--to the effect that on a certain day two
English lords would travel from Gibraltar to Granada by a road she
mentioned. This was a word to the wise. They had plenty of good
guineas. Garcia would have killed them, but /El Dancaire/ and I
objected. All we took from them, besides their shirts, which we
greatly needed, was their money and their watches.
"Sir, a man may turn rogue in sheer thoughtlessness. You lose your
head over a pretty girl, you fight another man about her, there is a
catastrophe, you have to take to the mountains, and you turn from a
smuggler into a robber before you have time to think about it. After
this matter of the English lords, we concluded that the neighbourhood
of Gibraltar would not be healthy for us, and we plunged into the
/Sierra de Ronda/. You once mentioned Jose-Maria to me. Well, it was
there I made acquaintance with him. He always took his mistress with
him on his expeditions. She was a pretty girl, quiet, modest, well-
mannered, you never heard a vulgar word from her, and she was quite
devoted to him. He, on his side, led her a very unhappy life. He was
always running after other women, he ill-treated her, and then
sometimes he would take it into his head to be jealous. One day he
slashed her with a knife. Well, she only doted on him the more! That's
the way with women, and especially with Andalusians. This girl was
proud of the scar on her arm, and would display it as though it were
the most beautiful thing in the world. And then Jose-Maria was the
worst of comrades in the bargain. In one expedition we made with him,
he managed so that he kept all the profits, and we had all the trouble
and the blows. But I must go back to my story. We had no sign at all
from Carmen. /El Dancaire/ said: 'One of us will have to go to
Gibraltar to get news of her. She must have planned some business. I'd
go at once, only I'm too well known at Gibraltar.' /El Tuerto/ said:
" 'I'm well known there too. I've played so many tricks on the
crayfish*--and as I've only one eye, it is not overeasy for me to
disguise myself.'
* Name applied by the Spanish populace to the British soldiers, on
account of the colour of their uniform.
" 'Then I suppose I must go,' said I, delighted at the very idea of
seeing Carmen again. 'Well, how am I to set about it?'
"The others answered:
" 'You must either go by sea, or you must get through by San Rocco,
whichever you like the best; once you are in Gibraltar, inquire in the
port where a chocolate-seller called /La Rollona/ lives. When you've
found her, she'll tell you everything that's happening.'
"It was settled that we were all to start for the Sierra, that I was
to leave my two companions there, and take my way to Gibraltar, in the
character of a fruit-seller. At Ronda one of our men procured me a
passport; at Gaucin I was provided with a donkey. I loaded it with
oranges and melons, and started forth. When I reached Gibraltar I
found that many people knew /La Rollona/, but that she was either dead
or had gone /ad finibus terroe/,* and, to my mind, her disappearance
explained the failure of our correspondence with Carmen. I stabled my
donkey, and began to move about the town, carrying my oranges as
though to sell them, but in reality looking to see whether I could not
come across any face I knew. The place is full of ragamuffins from
every country in the world, and it really is like the Tower of Babel,
for you can't go ten paces along a street without hearing as many
languages. I did see some gipsies, but I hardly dared confide in them.
I was taking stock of them, and they were taking stock of me. We had
mutually guessed each other to be rogues, but the important thing for
us was to know whether we belonged to the same gang. After having
spent two days in fruitless wanderings, and having found out nothing
either as to /La Rollona/ or as to Carmen, I was thinking I would go
back to my comrades as soon as I had made a few purchases, when,
toward sunset, as I was walking along a street, I heard a woman's
voice from a window say, 'Orange-seller!'
* To the galleys, or else to all the devils in hell.
"I looked up, and on a balcony I saw Carmen looking out, beside a
scarlet-coated officer with gold epaulettes, curly hair, and all the
appearance of a rich /milord/. As for her, she was magnificently
dressed, a shawl hung on her shoulders, she'd a gold comb in her hair,
everything she wore was of silk; and the cunning little wretch, not a
bit altered, was laughing till she held her sides.
"The Englishman shouted to me in mangled Spanish to come upstairs, as
the lady wanted some oranges, and Carmen said to me in Basque:
" 'Come up, and don't look astonished at anything!'
"Indeed, nothing that she did ought ever to have astonished me. I
don't know whether I was most happy or wretched at seeing her again.
At the door of the house there was a tall English servant with a
powdered head, who ushered me into a splendid drawing-room. Instantly
Carmen said to me in Basque, 'You don't know one word of Spanish, and
you don't know me.' Then turning to the Englishman, she added:
" 'I told you so. I saw at once he was a Basque. Now you'll hear what
a queer language he speaks. Doesn't he look silly? He's like a cat
that's been caught in the larder!'
" 'And you,' said I to her in my own language, 'you look like an
impudent jade--and I've a good mind to scar your face here and now,
before your spark.'
" 'My spark!' said she. 'Why, you've guessed that all alone! Are you
jealous of this idiot? You're even sillier than you were before our
evening in the /Calle del Candilejo/! Don't you see, fool, that at
this moment I'm doing gipsy business, and doing it in the most
brilliant manner? This house belongs to me--the guineas of that
crayfish will belong to me! I lead him by the nose, and I'll lead him
to a place that he'll never get out of!'
" 'And if I catch you doing any gipsy business in this style again,
I'll see to it that you never do any again!' said I.
" 'Ah! upon my word! Are you my /rom/, pray that you give me orders?
If /El Tuerto/ is pleased, what have you to do with it? Oughtn't you
to be very happy that you are the only man who can call himself my
/minchorro/?'*
* My "lover," or rather my "fancy."
" 'What does he say?' inquired the Englishman.
" 'He says he's thirsty, and would like a drink,' answered Carmen, and
she threw herself back upon a sofa, screaming with laughter at her own
translation.
"When that girl begins to laugh, sir, it was hopeless for anybody to
try and talk sense. Everybody laughed with her. The big Englishman
began to laugh too, like the idiot he was, and ordered the servant to
bring me something to drink.
"While I was drinking she said to me:
" 'Do you see that ring he has on his finger? If you like I'll give it
to you.'
"And I answered:
" 'I would give one of my fingers to have your /milord/ out on the
mountains, and each of us with a /maquila/ in his fist.'
" '/Maquila/, what does that mean?' asked the Englishman.
" 'Maquila,' said Carmen, still laughing, 'means an orange. Isn't it a
queer word for an orange? He says he'd like you to eat /maquila/.'
" 'Does he?' said the Englishman. 'Very well, bring more /maquila/
to-morrow.'
"While we were talking a servant came in and said dinner was ready.
Then the Englishman stood up, gave me a piastre, and offered his arm
to Carmen, as if she couldn't have walked alone. Carmen, who was still
laughing, said to me:
" 'My boy, I can't ask you to dinner. But to-morrow, as soon as you
hear the drums beat for parade, come here with your oranges. You'll
find a better furnished room than the one in the /Calle del
Candilejo/, and you'll see whether I am still your /Carmencita/. Then
afterwards we'll talk about gipsy business.'
"I gave her no answer--even when I was in the street I could hear the
Englishman shouting, 'Bring more /maquila/ to-morrow,' and Carmen's
peals of laughter.
"I went out, not knowing what I should do; I hardly slept, and next
morning I was so enraged with the treacherous creature that I made up
my mind to leave Gibraltar without seeing her again. But the moment
the drums began to roll, my courage failed me. I took up my net full
of oranges, and hurried off to Carmen's house. Her window-shutters had
been pulled apart a little, and I saw her great dark eyes watching for
me. The powdered servant showed me in at once. Carmen sent him out
with a message, and as soon as we were alone she burst into one of her
fits of crocodile laughter and threw her arms around my neck. Never
had I seen her look so beautiful. She was dressed out like a queen,
and scented; she had silken furniture, embroidered curtains--and I
togged out like the thief I was!
" '/Minchorro/,' said Carmen, 'I've a good mind to smash up everything
here, set fire to the house, and take myself off to the mountains.'
And then she would fondle me, and then she would laugh, and she danced
about and tore up her fripperies. Never did monkey gambol nor make
such faces, nor play such wild tricks, as she did that day. When she
had recovered her gravity--
" 'Hark!' she said, 'this is gipsy business. I mean him to take me to
Ronda, where I have a sister who is a nun' (here she shrieked with
laughter again). 'We shall pass by a particular spot which I shall
make known to you. Then you must fall upon him and strip him to the
skin. Your best plan would be to do for him, but,' she added, with a
certain fiendish smile of hers, which no one who saw it ever had any
desire to imitate, 'do you know what you had better do? Let /El
Tuerto/ come up in front of you. You keep a little behind. The
crayfish is brave, and skilful too, and he has good pistols. Do you
understand?'
"And she broke off with another fit of laughter that made me shiver.
" 'No,' said I, 'I hate Garcia, but he's my comrade. Some day, maybe,
I'll rid you of him, but we'll settle our account after the fashion of
my country. It's only chance that has made me a gipsy, and in certain
things I shall always be a thorough Navarrese,* as the proverb says.
* /Navarro fino/.
" 'You're a fool,' she rejoined, 'a simpleton, a regular /payllo/.
You're just like the dwarf who thinks himself tall because he can spit
a long way.* You don't love me! Be off with you!'
* /Or esorjle de or marsichisle, sin chisnar lachinguel/. "The
promise of a dwarf is that he will spit a long way."--A gipsy
proverb.
"Whenever she said to me 'Be off with you," I couldn't go away. I
promised I would start back to my comrades and wait the arrival of the
Englishman. She, on her side, promised she would be ill until she left
Gibraltar for Ronda.
"I remained at Gibraltar two days longer. She had the boldness to
disguise herself and come and see me at the inn. I departed, I had a
plan of my own. I went back to our meeting-place with the information
as to the spot and the hour at which the Englishman and Carmen were to
pass by. I found /El Dancaire/ and Garcia waiting for me. We spent the
night in a wood, beside a fire made of pine-cones that blazed
splendidly. I suggested to Garcia that we should play cards, and he
agreed. In the second game I told him he was cheating; he began to
laugh; I threw the cards in his face. He tried to get at his
blunderbuss. I set my foot on it, and said, 'They say you can use a
knife as well as the best ruffian in Malaga; will you try it with me?'
/El Dancaire/ tried to part us. I had given Garcia one or two cuffs,
his rage had given him courage, he drew his knife, and I drew mine. We
both of us told /El Dancaire/ he must leave us alone, and let us fight
it out. He saw there was no means of stopping us, so he stood on one
side. Garcia was already bent double, like a cat ready to spring upon
a mouse. He held his hat in his left hand to parry with, and his knife
in front of him--that's their Andalusian guard. I stood up in the
Navarrese fashion, with my left arm raised, my left leg forward, and
my knife held straight along my right thigh. I felt I was stronger
than any giant. He flew at me like an arrow. I turned round on my left
foot, so that he found nothing in front of him. But I thrust him in
the throat, and the knife went in so far that my hand was under his
chin. I gave the blade such a twist that it broke. That was the end.
The blade was carried out of the wound by a gush of blood as thick as
my arm, and he fell full length on his face.
" 'What have you done?' said /El Dancaire/ to me.
" 'Hark ye,' said I, 'we couldn't live on together. I love Carmen and
I mean to be the only one. And besides, Garcia was a villain. I
remember what he did to that poor /Remendado/. There are only two of
us left now, but we are both good fellows. Come, will you have me for
your friend, for life or death?'
"/El Dancaire/ stretched out his hand. He was a man of fifty.
" 'Devil take these love stories!' he cried. 'If you'd asked him for
Carmen he'd have sold her to you for a piastre! There are only two of
us now--how shall we manage for to-morrow?'
" 'I'll manage it all alone,' I answered. 'I can snap my fingers at
the whole world now.'
"We buried Garcia, and we moved our camp two hundred paces farther on.
The next morning Carmen and her Englishman came along with two
muleteers and a servant. I said to /El Dancaire/:
" 'I'll look after the Englishman, you frighten the others--they're
not armed!'
"The Englishman was a plucky fellow. He'd have killed me if Carmen
hadn't jogged his elbow.
"To put it shortly, I won Carmen back that day, and my first words
were to tell her she was a widow.
"When she knew how it had all happened--
" 'You'll always be a /lillipendi/,' she said. 'Garcia ought to have
killed you. Your Navarrese guard is a pack of nonsense, and he has
sent far more skilful men than you into the darkness. It was just that
his time had come--and yours will come too.'
" 'Ay, and yours too!--if you're not a faithful /romi/ to me.'
" 'So be it,' said she. 'I've read in the coffee grounds, more than
once, that you and I were to end our lives together. Pshaw! what must
be, will be!' and she rattled her castanets, as was her way when she
wanted to drive away some worrying thought.
"One runs on when one is talking about one's self. I dare say all
these details bore you, but I shall soon be at the end of my story.
Our new life lasted for some considerable time. /El Dancaire/ and I
gathered a few comrades about us, who were more trustworthy than our
earlier ones, and we turned our attention to smuggling. Occasionally,
indeed, I must confess we stopped travellers on the highways, but
never unless we were at the last extremity, and could not avoid doing
so; and besides, we never ill-treated the travellers, and confined
ourselves to taking their money from them.
"For some months I was very well satisfied with Carmen. She still
served us in our smuggling operations, by giving us notice of any
opportunity of making a good haul. She remained either at Malaga, at
Cordova, or at Granada, but at a word from me she would leave
everything, and come to meet me at some /venta/ or even in our lonely
camp. Only once--it was at Malaga--she caused me some uneasiness. I
heard she had fixed her fancy upon a very rich merchant, with whom she
probably proposed to play her Gibraltar trick over again. In spite of
everything /El Dancaire/ said to stop me, I started off, walked into
Malaga in broad daylight, sought for Carmen and carried her off
instantly. We had a sharp altercation.
" 'Do you know,' said she, 'now that you're my /rom/ for good and all,
I don't care for you so much as when you were my /minchorro/! I won't
be worried, and above all, I won't be ordered about. I choose to be
free to do as I like. Take care you don't drive me too far; if you
tire me out, I'll find some good fellow who'll serve you just as you
served /El Tuerto/.'
"/El Dancaire/ patched it up between us; but we had said things to
each other that rankled in our hearts, and we were not as we had been
before. Shortly after that we had a misfortune: the soldiers caught
us, /El Dancaire/ and two of my comrades were killed; two others were
taken. I was sorely wounded, and, but for my good horse, I should have
fallen into the soldiers' hands. Half dead with fatigue, and with a
bullet in my body, I sought shelter in a wood, with my only remaining
comrade. When I got off my horse I fainted away, and I thought I was
going to die there in the brushwood, like a shot hare. My comrade
carried me to a cave he knew of, and then he sent to fetch Carmen.
"She was at Granada, and she hurried to me at once. For a whole
fortnight she never left me for a single instant. She never closed her
eyes; she nursed me with a skill and care such as no woman ever showed
to the man she loved most tenderly. As soon as I could stand on my
feet, she conveyed me with the utmost secrecy to Granada. These gipsy
women find safe shelter everywhere, and I spent more than six weeks in
a house only two doors from that of the /Corregidor/ who was trying to
arrest me. More than once I saw him pass by, from behind the shutter.
At last I recovered, but I had thought a great deal, on my bed of
pain, and I had planned to change my way of life. I suggested to
Carmen that we should leave Spain, and seek an honest livelihood in
the New World. She laughed in my face.
" 'We were not born to plant cabbages,' she cried. 'Our fate is to
live /payllos/! Listen: I've arranged a business with Nathan Ben-
Joseph at Gibraltar. He has cotton stuffs that he can not get through
till you come to fetch them. He knows you're alive, and reckons upon
you. What would our Gibraltar correspondents say if you failed them?'
"I let myself by persuaded, and took up my vile trade once more.
"While I was hiding at Granada there were bull-fights there, to which
Carmen went. When she came back she talked a great deal about a
skilful /picador/ of the name of Lucas. She knew the name of his
horse, and how much his embroidered jacket had cost him. I paid no
attention to this; but a few days later, Juanito, the only one of my
comrades who was left, told me he had seen Carmen with Lucas in a shop
in the Zacatin. Then I began to feel alarmed. I asked Carmen how and
why she had made the /picador's/ acquaintance.
" 'He's a man out of whom we may be able to get something,' said she.
'A noisy stream has either water in it or pebbles. He has earned
twelve hundred reals at the bull-fights. It must be one of two things:
we must either have his money, or else, as he is a good rider and a
plucky fellow, we can enroll him in our gang. We have lost such an one
an such an one; you'll have to replace them. Take this man with you!'
" 'I want neither his money nor himself,' I replied, 'and I forbid you
to speak to him.'
" 'Beware!' she retorted. 'If any one defies me to do a thing, it's
very quickly done.'
"Luckily the /picador/ departed to Malaga, and I set about passing in
the Jew's cotton stuffs. This expedition gave me a great deal to do,
and Carmen as well. I forgot Lucas, and perhaps she forgot him too--
for the moment, at all events. It was just about that time, sir, that
I met you, first at Montilla, and then afterward at Cordova. I won't
talk about that last interview. You know more about it, perhaps, than
I do. Carmen stole your watch from you, she wanted to have your money
besides, and especially that ring I see on your finger, and which she
declared to be a magic ring, the possession of which was very
important to her. We had a violent quarrel, and I struck her. She
turned pale and began to cry. It was the first time I had ever seen
her cry, and it affected me in the most painful manner. I begged her
to forgive me, but she sulked with me for a whole day, and when I
started back to Montilla she wouldn't kiss me. My heart was still very
sore, when, three days later, she joined me with a smiling face and as
merry as a lark. Everything was forgotten, and we were like a pair of
honeymoon lovers. Just as we were parting she said, 'There's a /fete/
at Cordova; I shall go and see it, and then I shall know what people
will be coming away with money, and I can warn you.'
"I let her go. When I was alone I thought about the /fete/, and about
the change in Carmen's temper. 'She must have avenged herself
already,' said I to myself, 'since she was the first to make our
quarrel up.' A peasant told me there was to be bull-fighting at
Cordova. Then my blood began to boil, and I went off like a madman
straight to the bull-ring. I had Lucas pointed out to me, and on the
bench, just beside the barrier, I recognised Carmen. One glance at her
was enough to turn my suspicion into certainty. When the first bull
appeared Lucas began, as I had expected to play the agreeable; he
snatched the cockade off the bull and presented it to Carmen, who put
it in her hair at once.*
* /La divisa/. A knot of ribbon, the colour of which indicates the
pasturage from which each bull comes. This knot of ribbon is
fastened into the bull's hide with a sort of hook, and it is
considered the very height of gallantry to snatch it off the
living beast and present it to a woman.
"The bull avenged me. Lucas was knocked down, with his horse on his
chest, and the bull on top of both of them. I looked for Carmen, she
had disappeared from her place already. I couldn't get out of mine,
and I was obliged to wait until the bull-fight was over. Then I went
off to that house you already know, and waited there quietly all that
evening and part of the night. Toward two o'clock in the morning
Carmen came back, and was rather surprised to see me.
" 'Come with me,' said I.
" 'Very well,' said she, 'let's be off.'
"I went and got my horse, and took her up behind me, and we travelled
all the rest of the night without saying a word to each other. When
daylight came we stopped at a lonely inn, not far from a hermitage.
There I said to Carmen:
" 'Listen--I forget everything, I won't mention anything to you. But
swear one thing to me--that you'll come with me to America, and live
there quietly!'
" 'No,' said she, in a sulky voice, 'I won't go to America--I am very
well here.'
" 'That's because you're near Lucas. But be very sure that even if he
gets well now, he won't make old bones. And, indeed, why should I
quarrel with him? I'm tired of killing all your lovers; I'll kill you
this time.'
"She looked at me steadily with her wild eyes, and then she said:
" 'I've always thought you would kill me. The very first time I saw
you I had just met a priest at the door of my house. And to-night, as
we were going out of Cordova, didn't you see anything? A hare ran
across the road between your horse's feet. It is fate.'
" 'Carmencita,' I asked, 'don't you love me any more?'
"She gave me no answer, she was sitting cross-legged on a mat, making
marks on the ground with her finger.
" 'Let us change our life, Carmen,' said I imploringly. 'Let us go
away and live somewhere we shall never be parted. You know we have a
hundred and twenty gold ounces buried under an oak not far from here,
and then we have more money with Ben-Joseph the Jew.'
"She began to smile, and then she said, 'Me first, and then you. I
know it will happen like that.'
" 'Think about it,' said I. 'I've come to the end of my patience and
my courage. Make up your mind--or else I must make up mine.'
"I left her alone and walked toward the hermitage. I found the hermit
praying. I waited till his prayer was finished. I longed to pray
myself, but I couldn't. When he rose up from his knees I went to him.
" 'Father,' I said, 'will you pray for some one who is in great
danger?'
" 'I pray for every one who is afflicted,' he replied.
" 'Can you say a mass for a soul which is perhaps about to go into the
presence of its Maker?'
" 'Yes,' he answered, looking hard at me.
"And as there was something strange about me, he tried to make me
talk.
" 'It seems to me that I have seen you somewhere,' said he.
"I laid a piastre on his bench.
" 'When shall you say the mass?' said I.
" 'In half an hour. The son of the innkeeper yonder is coming to serve
it. Tell me, young man, haven't you something on your conscience that
is tormenting you? Will you listen to a Christian's counsel?'
"I could hardly restrain my tears. I told him I would come back, and
hurried away. I went and lay down on the grass until I heard the bell.
Then I went back to the chapel, but I stayed outside it. When he had
said the mass, I went back to the /venta/. I was hoping Carmen would
have fled. She could have taken my horse and ridden away. But I found
her there still. She did not choose that any one should say I had
frightened her. While I had been away she had unfastened the hem of
her gown and taken out the lead that weighted it; and now she was
sitting before a table, looking into a bowl of water into which she
had just thrown the lead she had melted. She was so busy with her
spells that at first she didn't notice my return. Sometimes she would
take out a bit of lead and turn it round every way with a melancholy
look. Sometimes she would sing one of those magic songs, which invoke
the help of Maria Padella, Don Pedro's mistress, who is said to have
been the /Bari Crallisa/--the great gipsy queen.*
* Maria Padella was accused of having bewitched Don Pedro. According
to one popular tradition she presented Queen Blanche of Bourbon
with a golden girdle which, in the eyes of the bewitched king,
took on the appearance of a living snake. Hence the repugnance he
always showed toward the unhappy princess.
" 'Carmen,' I said to her, 'will you come with me?' She rose, threw
away her wooden bowl, and put her mantilla over her head ready to
start. My horse was led up, she mounted behind me, and we rode away.
"After we had gone a little distance I said to her, 'So, my Carmen,
you are quite ready to follow me, isn't that so?'
"She answered, 'Yes, I'll follow you, even to death--but I won't live
with you any more.'
"We had reached a lonely gorge. I stopped my horse.
" 'Is this the place?' she said.
"And with a spring she reached the ground. She took off her mantilla
and threw it at her feet, and stood motionless, with one hand on her
hip, looking at me steadily.
" 'You mean to kill me, I see that well,' said she. 'It is fate. But
you'll never make me give in.'
"I said to her: 'Be rational, I implore you; listen to me. All the
past is forgotten. Yet you know it is you who have been my ruin--it is
because of you that I am a robber and a murderer. Carmen, my Carmen,
let me save you, and save myself with you.'
" 'Jose,' she answered, 'what you ask is impossible. I don't love you
any more. You love me still, and that is why you want to kill me. If I
liked, I might tell you some other lie, but I don't choose to give
myself the trouble. Everything is over between us two. You are my
/rom/, and you have the right to kill your /romi/, but Carmen will
always be free. A /calli/ she was born, and a /calli/ she'll die.'
" 'Then, you love Lucas?' I asked.
" 'Yes, I have loved him--as I loved you--for an instant--less than I
loved you, perhaps. But now I don't love anything, and I hate myself
for ever having loved you.'
"I cast myself at her feet, I seized her hands, I watered them with my
tears, I reminded her of all the happy moments we had spent together,
I offered to continue my brigand's life, if that would please her.
Everything, sir, everything--I offered her everything if she would
only love me again.
"She said:
" 'Love you again? That's not possible! Live with you? I will not do
it!'
"I was wild with fury. I drew my knife, I would have had her look
frightened, and sue for mercy--but that woman was a demon.
"I cried, 'For the last time I ask you. Will you stay with me?'
" 'No! no! no!' she said, and she stamped her foot.
"Then she pulled a ring I had given her off her finger, and cast it
into the brushwood.
"I struck her twice over--I had taken Garcia's knife, because I had
broken my own. At the second thrust she fell without a sound. It seems
to me that I can still see her great black eyes staring at me. Then
they grew dim and the lids closed.
"For a good hour I lay there prostrate beside her corpse. Then I
recollected that Carmen had often told me that she would like to lie
buried in a wood. I dug a grave for her with my knife and laid her in
it. I hunted about a long time for her ring, and I found it at last. I
put it into the grave beside her, with a little cross--perhaps I did
wrong. Then I got upon my horse, galloped to Cordova, and gave myself
up at the nearest guard-room. I told them I had killed Carmen, but I
would not tell them where her body was. That hermit was a holy man! He
prayed for her--he said a mass for her soul. Poor child! It's the
/calle/ who are to blame for having brought her up as they did."
CHAPTER IV
Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all
over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and
so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers. Most of these
people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and
eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the
kingdom of Murcia. There are a great many of them in Catalonia. These
last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our
southern fairs. The men generally call themselves grooms, horse
doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of
saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other
illicit practices. The women tell fortunes, beg, and sell all sorts of
drugs, some of which are innocent, while some are not. The physical
characteristics of the gipsies are more easily distinguished then
described, and when you have known one, you should be able to
recognise a member of the race among a thousand other men. It is by
their physiognomy and expression, especially, that they differ from
the other inhabitants of the same country. Their complexion is
exceedingly swarthy, always darker than that of the race among whom
they live. Hence the name of /cale/ (blacks) which they frequently
apply to themselves.* Their eyes, set with a decided slant, are large,
very black, and shaded by long and heavy lashes. Their glance can only
be compared to that of a wild creature. It is full at once of boldness
and shyness, and in this respect their eyes are a fair indication of
their national character, which is cunning, bold, but with "the
natural fear of blows," like Panurge. Most of the men are strapping
fellows, slight and active. I don't think I ever saw a gipsy who had
grown fat. In Germany the gipsy women are often very pretty; but
beauty is very uncommon among the Spanish gitanas. When very young,
they may pass as being attractive in their ugliness, but once they
have reached motherhood, they become absolutely repulsive. The
filthiness of both sexes is incredible, and no one who has not seen a
gipsy matron's hair can form any conception of what it is, not even if
he conjures up the roughest, the greasiest, and the dustiest heads
imaginable. In some of the large Andalusian towns certain of the gipsy
girls, somewhat better looking than their fellows, will take more care
of their personal appearance. These go out and earn money by
performing dances strongly resembling those forbidden at our public
balls in carnival time. An English missionary, Mr. Borrow, the author
of two very interesting works on the Spanish gipsies, whom he
undertook to convert on behalf of the Bible Society, declares there is
no instance of any gitana showing the smallest weakness for a man not
belonging to her own race. The praise he bestows upon their chastity
strikes me as being exceedingly exaggerated. In the first place, the
great majority are in the position of the ugly woman described by
Ovid, "/Casta quam nemo rogavit/." As for the pretty ones, they are,
like all Spanish women, very fastidious in choosing their lovers.
Their fancy must be taken, and their favour must be earned. Mr. Borrow
quotes, in proof of their virtue, one trait which does honour to his
own, and especially to his simplicity: he declares that an immoral man
of his acquaintance offered several gold ounces to a pretty gitana,
and offered them in vain. An Andalusian, to whom I retailed this
anecdote, asserted that the immoral man in question would have been
far more successful if he had shown the girl two or three piastres,
and that to offer gold ounces to a gipsy was as poor a method of
persuasion as to promise a couple of millions to a tavern wench.
However that may be, it is certain that the gitana shows the most
extraordinary devotion to her husband. There is no danger and no
suffering she will not brave, to help him in his need. One of the
names which the gipsies apply to themselves, /Rome/, or "the married
couple," seems to me a proof of their racial respect for the married
state. Speaking generally, it may be asserted that their chief virtue
is their patriotism--if we may thus describe the fidelity they observe
in all their relations with persons of the same origin as their own,
their readiness to help one another, and the inviolable secrecy which
they keep for each other's benefit, in all compromising matters. And
indeed something of the same sort may be noticed in all mysterious
associations which are beyond the pale of the law.
* It has struck me that the German gipsies, though they thoroughly
understand the word /cale/, do not care to be called by that name.
Among themselves they always use the designation /Romane tchave/.
Some months ago, I paid a visit to a gipsy tribe in the Vosges
country. In the hut of an old woman, the oldest member of the tribe, I
found a gipsy, in no way related to the family, who was sick of a
mortal disease. The man had left a hospital, where he was well cared
for, so that he might die among his own people. For thirteen weeks he
had been lying in bed in their encampment, and receiving far better
treatment than any of the sons and sons-in-law who shared his shelter.
He had a good bed made of straw and moss, and sheets that were
tolerably white, whereas all the rest of the family, which numbered
eleven persons, slept on planks three feet long. So much for their
hospitality. This very same woman, humane as was her treatment of her
guest said to me constantly before the sick man: "/Singo, singo, homte
hi mulo/." "Soon, soon he must die!" After all, these people live such
miserable lives, that a reference to the approach of death can have no
terrors for them.
One remarkable feature in the gipsy character is their indifference
about religion. Not that they are strong-minded or sceptical. They
have never made any profession of atheism. Far from that, indeed, the
religion of the country which they inhabit is always theirs; but they
change their religion when they change the country of their residence.
They are equally free from the superstitions which replace religious
feeling in the minds of the vulgar. How, indeed, can superstition
exist among a race which, as a rule, makes its livelihood out of the
credulity of others? Nevertheless, I have remarked a particular horror
of touching a corpse among the Spanish gipsies. Very few of these
could be induced to carry a dead man to his grave, even if they were
paid for it.
I have said that most gipsy women undertake to tell fortunes. They do
this very successfully. But they find a much greater source of profit
in the sale of charms and love-philters. Not only do they supply
toads' claws to hold fickle hearts, and powdered loadstone to kindle
love in cold ones, but if necessity arises, they can use mighty
incantations, which force the devil to lend them his aid. Last year
the following story was related to me by a Spanish lady. She was
walking one day along the /Calle d'Alcala/, feeling very sad and
anxious. A gipsy woman who was squatting on the pavement called out to
her, "My pretty lady, your lover has played you false!" (It was quite
true.) "Shall I get him back for you?" My readers will imagine with
what joy the proposal was accepted, and how complete was the
confidence inspired by a person who could thus guess the inmost
secrets of the heart. As it would have been impossible to proceed to
perform the operations of magic in the most crowded street in Madrid,
a meeting was arranged for the next day. "Nothing will be easier than
to bring back the faithless one to your feet!" said the gitana. "Do
you happen to have a handkerchief, a scarf, or a mantilla, that he
gave you?" A silken scarf was handed her. "Now sew a piastre into one
corner of the scarf with crimson silk--sew half a piastre into another
corner--sew a peseta here--and a two-real piece there; then, in the
middle you must sew a gold coin--a doubloon would be best." The
doubloon and all the other coins were duly sewn in. "Now give me the
scarf, and I'll take it to the Campo Santo when midnight strikes. You
come along with me, if you want to see a fine piece of witchcraft. I
promise you shall see the man you love to-morrow!" The gipsy departed
alone for the Campo Santo, since my Spanish friend was too much afraid
of witchcraft to go there with her. I leave my readers to guess
whether my poor forsaken lady ever saw her lover, or her scarf, again.
In spite of their poverty and the sort of aversion they inspire, the
gipsies are treated with a certain amount of consideration by the more
ignorant folk, and they are very proud of it. They feel themselves to
be a superior race as regards intelligence, and they heartily despise
the people whose hospitality they enjoy. "These Gentiles are so
stupid," said one of the Vosges gipsies to me, "that there is no
credit in taking them in. The other day a peasant woman called out to
me in the street. I went into her house. Her stove smoked and she
asked me to give her a charm to cure it. First of all I made her give
me a good bit of bacon, and then I began to mumble a few words in
/Romany/. 'You're a fool,' I said, 'you were born a fool, and you'll
die a fool!' When I had got near the door I said to her, in good
German, 'The most certain way of keeping your stove from smoking is
not to light any fire in it!' and then I took to my heels."
The history of the gipsies is still a problem. We know, indeed, that
their first bands, which were few and far between, appeared in Eastern
Europe towards the beginning of the fifteenth century. But nobody can
tell whence they started, or why they came to Europe, and, what is
still more extraordinary, no one knows how they multiplied, within a
short time, and in so prodigious a fashion, and in several countries,
all very remote from each other. The gipsies themselves have preserved
no tradition whatsoever as to their origin, and though most of them do
speak of Egypt as their original fatherland, that is only because they
have adopted a very ancient fable respecting their race.
Most of the Orientalists who have studied the gipsy language believe
that the cradle of the race was in India. It appears, in fact, that
many of the roots and grammatical forms of the /Romany/ tongue are to
be found in idioms derived from the Sanskrit. As may be imagined, the
gipsies, during their long wanderings, have adopted many foreign
words. In every /Romany/ dialect a number of Greek words appear.
At the present day the gipsies have almost as many dialects as there
are separate hordes of their race. Everywhere, they speak the language
of the country they inhabit more easily than their own idiom, which
they seldom use, except with the object of conversing freely before
strangers. A comparison of the dialect of the German gipsies with that
used by the Spanish gipsies, who have held no communication with each
other for several centuries, reveals the existence of a great number
of words common to both. But everywhere the original language is
notably affected, though in different degrees, by its contact with the
more cultivated languages into the use of which the nomads have been
forced. German in one case and Spanish in the other have so modified
the /Romany/ groundwork that it would not be possible for a gipsy from
the Black Forest to converse with one of his Andalusian brothers,
although a few sentences on each side would suffice to convince them
that each was speaking a dialect of the same language. Certain words
in very frequent use are, I believe, common to every dialect. Thus, in
every vocabulary which I have been able to consult, /pani/ means
water, /manro/ means bread, /mas/ stands for meat, and /lon/ for salt.
The nouns of number are almost the same in every case. The German
dialect seems to me much purer than the Spanish, for it has preserved
numbers of the primitive grammatical forms, whereas the Gitanos have
adopted those of the Castilian tongue. Nevertheless, some words are an
exception, as though to prove that the language was originally common
to all. The preterite of the German dialect is formed by adding /ium/
to the imperative, which is always the root of the verb. In the
Spanish /Romany/ the verbs are all conjugated on the model of the
first conjugation of the Castilian verbs. From /jamar/, the infinitive
of "to eat," the regular conjugation should be /jame/, "I have eaten."
From /lillar/, "to take," /lille/, "I have taken." Yet, some old
gipsies say, as an exception, /jayon/ and /lillon/. I am not
acquainted with any other verbs which have preserved this ancient
form.
While I am thus showing off my small acquaintance with the /Romany/
language, I must notice a few words of French slang which our thieves
have borrowed from the gipsies. From /Les Mysteres de Paris/ honest
folk have learned that the word /chourin/ means "a knife." This is
pure /Romany/--/tchouri/ is one of the words which is common to every
dialect. Monsieur Vidocq calls a horse /gres/--this again is a gipsy
word--/gras/, /gre/, /graste/, and /gris/. Add to this the word
/romanichel/, by which the gipsies are described in Parisian slang.
This is a corruption of /romane tchave/--"gipsy lads." But a piece of
etymology of which I am really proud is that of the word /frimousse/,
"face," "countenance"--a word which every schoolboy uses, or did use,
in my time. Note, in the first place, the Oudin, in his curious
dictionary, published in 1640, wrote the word /firlimouse/. Now in
/Romany/, /firla/, or /fila/, stands for "face," and has the same
meaning--it is exactly the /os/ of the Latins. The combination of
/firlamui/ was instantly understood by a genuine gipsy, and I believe
it to be true to the spirit of the gipsy language.
I have surely said enough to give the readers of Carmen a favourable
idea of my /Romany/ studies. I will conclude with the following
proverb, which comes in very appropriately: /En retudi panda nasti
abela macha/. "Between closed lips no fly can pass."
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