The 1995 CIA World FactbookPart 41 out of 45Electricity: capacity: 2,440,000 kW production: 7.8 billion kWh consumption per capita: 650 kWh (1993) Industries: copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP and 85% of labor force; crops - corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs Illicit drugs: increasingly a regional transshipment center for methaqualone and heroin Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $4.8 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $533 million Currency: 1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee Exchange rates: Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1 - 672.8 (September 1994), 434.78 (1993), 156.25 (1992), 61.7284 (1991), 28.9855 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year @Zambia:Transportation Railroads: total: 1,273 km narrow gauge: 1,273 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track) note: not a part of Zambia Railways is the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and New Kapiri M'poshi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; 891 km of the TAZARA line transit Zambia Highways: total: 36,370 km paved: 6,500 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 7,000 km; improved, unimproved earth 22,870 km Inland waterways: 2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula Rivers, Lake Tanganyika Pipelines: crude oil 1,724 km Ports: Mpulungu Airports: total: 113 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4 with paved runways under 914 m: 39 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 4 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 57 @Zambia:Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa local: NA intercity: high capacity micrwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities international: 2 INTELSAT earth stations (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) Radio: broadcast stations: AM 11, FM 5, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 9 televisions: NA @Zambia:Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air Force, Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,953,967; males fit for military service 1,028,113 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $45 million, 1.4% of GDP (1994) ________________________________________________________________________ ZIMBABWE @Zimbabwe:Geography Location: Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana Map references: Africa Area: total area: 390,580 sq km land area: 386,670 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Montana Land boundaries: total 3,066 km, Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia is in disagreement Climate: tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March) Terrain: mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east Natural resources: coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals Land use: arable land: 7.25% permanent crops: 0.25% (coffee is a permanent crop) meadows and pastures: 12.5% forest and woodland: 49% other: 31% Irrigated land: 2,250 sq km (1993 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching natural hazards: recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification Note: landlocked @Zimbabwe:People Population: 11,139,961 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 47% (female 2,588,193; male 2,617,485) 15-64 years: 51% (female 2,915,697; male 2,723,511) 65 years and over: 2% (female 151,635; male 143,440) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.78% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 36.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 18.54 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: following the settlement of hostilities in Mozambique in 1992, refugees from the fighting there began to return to their homes; this process continues at a lesser rate in 1995; there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid employment Infant mortality rate: 72.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 41.35 years male: 39.73 years female: 43.01 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.93 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Zimbabwean(s) adjective: Zimbabwean Ethnic divisions: African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%), white 1%, mixed and Asian 1% Religions: syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1% Languages: English (official), Shona, Sindebele Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982) total population: 78% male: 84% female: 72% Labor force: 3.1 million by occupation: agriculture 74%, transport and services 16%, mining, manufacturing, construction 10% (1987) @Zimbabwe:Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe conventional short form: Zimbabwe former: Southern Rhodesia Digraph: ZI Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Harare Administrative divisions: 8 provinces; Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo (Victoria), Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands Independence: 18 April 1980 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 18 April (1980) Constitution: 21 December 1979 Legal system: mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); election last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7% cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president; responsible to Parliament Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament: elections last held 8-9 April 1995 (next to be held NA March 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 118, ZANU-S 2 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert MUGABE; Zimbabwe African National Union-Sithole (ZANU-S), Ndabaningi SITHOLE; Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), Edgar TEKERE; Democratic Party (DP), Emmanuel MAGOCHE; Forum Party of Zimbabwe, Enock DUMBUTSHENA; United Parties, Abel MUZOREWA Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZI chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100 FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Johnny CARSON embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: [263] (4) 794521 FAX: [263] (4) 796488 Flag: seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle @Zimbabwe:Economy Overview: Agriculture employs three-fourths of the labor force and supplies almost 40% of exports. The manufacturing sector, based on agriculture and mining, produces a variety of goods and contributes 35% to GDP. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Severe drought caused GDP to drop 8% in 1992, with growth rebounding to 2% in 1993 and 3.5% in 1994. Despite the lingering effects of the drought on economic and social conditions, the government is continuing to push its IMF/World Bank structural adjustment program aimed at encouraging exports and foreign investment. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $17.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 3.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,580 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22% (December 1994 est.) Unemployment rate: at least 45% (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $1.7 billion expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $253 million (FY92/93) Exports: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: agricultural 35% (tobacco 30%, other 5%), manufactures 25%, gold 12%, ferrochrome 10%, textiles 8% (1992) partners: UK 14%, Germany 11%, South Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 5% (1991) Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 41%, other manufactures 23%, chemicals 16%, fuels 12% (1991) partners: South Africa 25%, UK 15%, Germany 9%, US 6%, Japan 5% (1991) External debt: $3.5 billion (December 1992 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 2.3% (1992); accounts for 35% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 2,040,000 kW production: 9 billion kWh consumption per capita: 913 kWh (1993) Industries: mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals, foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood products Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP; 40% of land area divided into 4,500 large commercial farms and 42% in communal lands; crops - corn (food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; self-sufficient in food Economic aid: NA Currency: 1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 - 8.3752 (January 1995), 8.1500 (1994), 6.4725 (1993), 5.1046 (1992), 3.4282 (1991), 2.4480 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June @Zimbabwe:Transportation Railroads: total: 2,745 km narrow gauge: 2,745 km 1.067-m gauge (355 km electrified; 42 km double track) Highways: total: 85,237 km paved: 15,800 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 39,090 km; improved earth 23,097 km; unimproved earth 7,250 km Inland waterways: Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication Pipelines: petroleum products 212 km Ports: Binga, Kariba Airports: total: 471 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 13 with paved runways under 914 m: 222 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 223 @Zimbabwe:Communications Telephone system: 247,000 telephones; system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance local: NA intercity: consists of microwave links, open-wire lines, and radio communications stations international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 18, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 8 televisions: NA @Zimbabwe:Defense Forces Branches: Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,435,931; males fit for military service 1,514,068 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $175 million, 3.1% of GDP (FY94/95) ________________________________________________________________________ APPENDIX B Abbreviations for International Organizations and Groups Note: Not all international organizations and groups have abbreviations. A ABEDA -- Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa ACC -- Arab Cooperation Council ACCT -- Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique; see Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation ACP -- African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries AfDB -- African Development Bank AFESD -- Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development AG -- Andean Group AL -- Arab League ALADI -- Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion; see Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) AMF -- Arab Monetary Fund AMU -- Arab Maghreb Union ANZUS -- Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty APEC -- Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation AsDB -- Asian Development Bank ASEAN -- Association of Southeast Asian Nations B BAD -- Banque Africaine de Developpement; see African Development Bank (AfDB) BADEA -- Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique; see Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA) BCIE -- Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico; see Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) BDEAC -- Banque de Developpment des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC) Benelux -- Benelux Economic Union BID -- Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo; see Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) BIS -- Bank for International Settlements BOAD -- Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement; see West African Development Bank (WADB) BSEC -- Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone C C -- Commonwealth CACM -- Central American Common Market CAEU -- Council of Arab Economic Unity CARICOM -- Caribbean Community and Common Market CBSS -- Council of the Baltic Sea States CCC -- Customs Cooperation Council CDB -- Caribbean Development Bank CE -- Council of Europe CEAO -- Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest; see West African Economic Community (CEAO) CEEAC -- Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC) CEI -- Central European Initiative CEMA -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEA or Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991 CEPGL -- Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs; see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL) CERN -- Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire; see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) CG -- Contadora Group CIS -- Commonwealth of Independent States CMEA -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991 COCOM -- Coordinating Committee on Export Controls Comecon -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as CMEA; abolished 1 January 1991 CP -- Colombo Plan CSCE -- Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe D DC -- developed country E EADB -- East African Development Bank EBRD -- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC -- European Community; see European Union (EU) ECA -- Economic Commission for Africa ECAFE -- Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) ECE -- Economic Commission for Europe ECLA -- Economic Commission for Latin America; see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) ECLAC -- Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ECO -- Economic Cooperation Organization ECOSOC -- Economic and Social Council ECOWAS -- Economic Community of West African States ECSC -- European Coal and Steel Community ECWA -- Economic Commission for Western Asia; see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) EEC -- European Economic Community EFTA -- European Free Trade Association EIB -- European Investment Bank Entente -- Council of the Entente ESA -- European Space Agency ESCAP -- Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCWA -- Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia EU -- European Union Euratom -- European Atomic Energy Community F FAO -- Food and Agriculture Organization FLS -- Front Line States FZ -- Franc Zone G G-2 -- Group of 2 G-3 -- Group of 3 G-5 -- Group of 5 G-6 -- Group of 6 (not to be confused with the Big Six) G-7 -- Group of 7 G-8 -- Group of 8 G-9 -- Group of 9 G-10 -- Group of 10 G-11 -- Group of 11 G-15 -- Group of 15 G-19 -- Group of 19 G-24 -- Group of 24 G-30 -- Group of 30 G-33 -- Group of 33 G-77 -- Group of 77 GATT -- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GCC -- Gulf Cooperation Council H Habitat -- Commission on Human Settlements I IADB -- Inter-American Development Bank IAEA -- International Atomic Energy Agency IBEC -- International Bank for Economic Cooperation IBRD -- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAO -- International Civil Aviation Organization ICC -- International Chamber of Commerce ICEM -- Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration; see International Organization for Migration (IOM) ICFTU -- International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ICJ -- International Court of Justice ICM -- Intergovernmental Committee for Migration; see International Organization for Migration (IOM) ICRC -- International Committee of the Red Cross ICRM -- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement IDA -- International Development Association IDB -- Islamic Development Bank IEA -- International Energy Agency IFAD -- International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC -- International Finance Corporation IFCTU -- International Federation of Christian Trade Unions IFRCS -- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IGADD -- Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development IIB -- International Investment Bank ILO -- International Labor Organization IMCO -- Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization; see International Maritime Organization (IMO) IMF -- International Monetary Fund IMO -- International Maritime Organization INMARSAT -- International Maritime Satellite Organization INTELSAT -- International Telecommunications Satellite Organization INTERPOL -- International Criminal Police Organization IOC -- International Olympic Committee IOM -- International Organization for Migration ISO -- International Organization for Standardization ITU -- International Telecommunication Union L LAES -- Latin American Economic System LAIA -- Latin American Integration Association LAS -- League of Arab States; see Arab League (AL) LDC -- less developed country LLDC -- least developed country LORCS -- League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies M MERCOSUR -- Mercado Comun del Cono Sur; see Southern Cone Common Market MINURSO -- United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara MTCR -- Missile Technology Control Regime N NACC -- North Atlantic Cooperation Council NAM -- Nonaligned Movement NATO -- North Atlantic Treaty Organization NC -- Nordic Council NEA -- Nuclear Energy Agency NIB -- Nordic Investment Bank NIC -- newly industrializing country; see newly industrializing economy (NIE) NIE -- newly industrializing economy NSG -- Nuclear Suppliers Group O OAPEC -- Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OAS -- Organization of American States OAU -- Organization of African Unity OECD -- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECS -- Organization of Eastern Caribbean States OIC -- Organization of the Islamic Conference ONUMOZ -- see UNOMOZ ONUSAL -- United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador OPANAL -- Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe; see Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean OPEC -- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OSCE -- Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe P PCA -- Permanent Court of Arbitration PFP -- Partnership for Peace R RG -- Rio Group S SAARC -- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SACU -- Southern African Customs Union SADC -- Southern African Development Community SADCC -- Southern African Development Coordination Conference SELA -- Sistema Economico Latinoamericana; see Latin American Economic System (LAES) SPARTECA -- South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement SPC -- South Pacific Commission SPF -- South Pacific Forum U UDEAC -- Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale; see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) UN -- United Nations UNAVEM II -- United Nations Angola Verification Mission UNAMIR -- United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda UNCTAD -- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDOF -- United Nations Disengagement Observer Force UNDP -- United Nations Development Program UNEP -- United Nations Environment Program UNESCO -- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNFICYP -- United Nations Force in Cyprus UNFPA -- United Nations Fund for Population Activities; see UN Population Fund (UNFPA) UNHCR -- United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF -- United Nations Children's Fund UNIDO -- United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIFIL -- United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIKOM -- United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission UNITAR -- United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNMIH -- United Nations Mission in Haiti UNMOGIP -- United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNOMIG -- United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia UNOMIL -- United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia UNOMOZ -- United Nations Operation in Mozambique UNOMUR -- United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (ONUMOZ) UNOSOM -- United Nations Operation in Somalia UNPROFOR -- United Nations Protection Force UNRISD -- United Nations Research Institute for Social Development UNRWA -- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNTAC -- United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia UNTSO -- United Nations Truce Supervision Organization UNU -- United Nations University UPU -- Universal Postal Union USSR/EE -- USSR/Eastern Europe W WADB -- West African Development Bank WCL -- World Confederation of Labor WEU -- Western European Union WFC -- World Food Council WFP -- World Food Program WFTU -- World Federation of Trade Unions WHO -- World Health Organization WIPO -- World Intellectual Property Organization WMO -- World Meteorological Organization WP -- Warsaw Pact (members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance) WTO -- see WToO WToO -- World Tourism Organization WTrO -- World Trade Organization (will be added in The World Factbook 1996) Z ZC -- Zangger Committee ________________________________________________________________________ APPENDIX C International Organizations and Groups Note: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and ceases to exist. None of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, including Serbia and Montenegro, have been permitted to participate solely on the basis of the membership of the former Yugoslavia in the United Nations General Assembly and Economic and Social Council and their subsidiary bodies and in various United Nations specialized agencies. The United Nations, however, permits the seat and nameplate of the SFRY to remain, permits the SFRY mission to continue to function, and continues to fly the flag of the former Yugoslavia. For a variety of reasons, a number of other organizations have not yet taken action with regard to the membership of the former Yugoslavia. The World Factbook therefore continues to list Yugoslavia under international organizations where the SFRY seat remains or where no action has yet been taken. advanced developing countries another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs) African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP) address -- Avenue Georges Henri 451, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium telephone -- [32] (2) 733 96 00 FAX -- [32] (2) 735 55 73 established -- 1 April 1976 aim -- to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU members -- (70) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe African Development Bank (AfDB) note -- also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD) address -- 01 BP 1387, Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire telephone -- [225] 20 44 44 FAX -- [225] 21 77 53, 20 49 01, 20 49 09 established -- 4 August 1963 aim -- to promote economic and social development regional members -- (51) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe nonregional members -- (26) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique (ACCT) see -- Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT) Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT) note -- acronym from Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique address -- 13 quai Andre-Citroen, F-75015 Paris, France telephone -- [33] (1) 44 37 33 00 FAX -- [33] (1) 45 79 14 98 established -- 21 March 1970 aim -- to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French-speaking countries members -- (37) Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Monaco, Niger, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Zaire associate members -- (5) Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Lucia participating governments -- (2) New Brunswick (Canada), Quebec (Canada) Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL) note -- acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL) address -- Temistocles 78, Col Polanco, CP 011560, Mexico City 5 DF, Mexico telephone -- [52] (5) 280 4923, 280 5064 FAX -- [52] (5) 280 2965 established -- 14 February 1967 aim -- to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit nuclear weapons members -- (28) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela Andean Group (AG) address -- c\o JUNAC, Paseo de la Republica 3895, Casilla 18-1177, Lima 27, Peru telephone -- [51] (14) 414212 FAX -- [51] (14) 420911 established -- 26 May 1969 effective -- 16 October 1969 aim -- to promote harmonious development through economic integration members -- (5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela associate member -- (1) Panama observers -- (26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Paraguay, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Uruguay, Yugoslavia Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA) note -- also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA) address -- Sayed Abdel Rahman El Mahdi Avenue, P.O. Box 2640, Khartoum, Sudan telephone -- [249] (11) 73646, 73498, 73709 FAX -- [249] (11) 70600 established -- 18 February 1974 effective -- 16 September 1974 aim -- to promote economic development members -- (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine Liberation Organization; note - these are all the members of the Arab League except for Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia, and Yemen Arab Cooperation Council (ACC) established -- 16 February 1989 aim -- to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading to an Arab Common Market members -- (4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) address -- P.O. Box 21923, Safat 13080, Kuwait telephone -- [965] 2451580, 2451588 FAX -- [965] 2416758 established -- 16 May 1968 aim -- to promote economic and social development members -- (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt (suspended from 1979 to 1988), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization Arab League (AL) note -- also known as League of Arab States (LAS) address -- Midan Attahrir, Tahrir Square, P.O. Box 11642, Cairo, Egypt telephone -- [20] (2) 750 511 FAX -- [20] (2) 740 331 established -- 22 March 1945 aim -- to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation members -- (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) address -- 27 avenue Okba Agdal, Rabat, Morocco established -- 17 February 1989 aim -- to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of northern Africa members -- (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) address -- P.O. Box 2818, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates telephone -- [971] (2) 215000 FAX -- [971] (2) 326454 established -- 27 April 1976 effective -- 2 February 1977 aim -- to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary and economic affairs members -- (19 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) address -- Ministry of Trade and Industry, Public Relations, 8 Shenton Way No 48-01, Treasury Building, Singapore, Singapore established -- 7 November 1989 aim -- to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin members -- (18) all ASEAN members (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) plus Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan, US observers -- (3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference, South Pacific Forum Asian Development Bank (AsDB) address -- 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong, METRO Manila, Philippines telephone -- [63] (2) 711 3851 FAX -- [63] (2) 741 7961, 631 6816 established -- 19 December 1966 aim -- to promote regional economic cooperation regional members -- (40) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa nonregional members -- (16) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI) see -- Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) address -- Jalan Sisingamangaraja 70A, Kebayoran Baru, P.O. Box 2072, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia telephone -- [62] (21) 71 22 72, 71 19 88 FAX -- [62] (21) 739 82 34 established -- 9 August 1967 aim -- to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia members -- (6) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand observers -- (3) Laos, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam Australia Group established -- 1984 aim -- to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical and biological weapons members -- (28) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US observer -- (1) Singapore Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS) address -- c/o Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Bag 8, Queen Victoria Terrace, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia telephone -- [61] (62) 61 91 11 FAX -- [61] (62) 61 21 51 established -- 1 September 1951 effective -- 29 April 1952 aim -- to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although the US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986 members -- (3) Australia, NZ, US Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico (BCIE) see -- Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) see -- Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) Bank for International Settlements (BIS) address -- Centralbahnplatz 2, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland telephone -- [41] (61) 280 80 80 FAX -- [41] (61) 280 91 00 established -- 20 January 1930 effective -- 17 March 1930 aim -- to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial settlements members -- (33) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD) see -- African Development Bank (AfDB) Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA) see -- Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA) Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (BDEAC) see -- Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC) Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD) see -- West African Development Bank (WADB) Benelux Economic Union (Benelux) note -- acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg address -- Rue de la Regence 39, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium telephone -- [32] (2) 519 38 11 FAX -- [32] (2) 513 42 06 established -- 3 February 1958 effective -- 1 November 1960 aim -- to develop closer economic cooperation and integration members -- (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands Big Seven note -- membership is the same as the Group of 7 established -- NA 1975 aim -- to discuss and coordinate major economic policies members -- (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the US Big Six note -- not to be confused with the Group of 6 established -- NA 1967 aim -- to foster economic cooperation members -- (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC) established -- 25 June 1992 aim -- to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation members -- (11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine observer -- (1) Poland Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) address -- CARICOM, P.O. Box 10827, Bank of Guyana Building, 3rd floor, Avenue of the Republic, Georgetown, Guyana telephone -- [592] (2) 69281 through 69289 FAX -- [592] (2) 66091, 67816, 57341 established -- 4 July 1973 effective -- 1 August 1973 aim -- to promote economic integration and development, especially among the less developed countries members -- (14) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago associate members -- (2) British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands observers -- (9) Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Venezuela Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) address -- P.O. Box 408, Wildey, St. Michael, Barbados telephone -- [1] (809) 431 1600 FAX -- [1] (809) 426 7269 established -- 18 October 1969 effective -- 26 January 1970 aim -- to promote economic development and cooperation regional members -- (20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela nonregional members -- (5) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK Cartagena Group see -- Group of 11 Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) note -- acronym from Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale address -- BP 969, Bangui, Central African Republic telephone -- [236] 61 09 22, 61 45 77 FAX -- [236] 61 21 35 established -- 8 December 1964 effective -- 1 January 1966 aim -- to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market members -- (6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC) note -- acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale address -- BDEAC, Place du Gouvernement, BP 1177, Brazzaville, Congo telephone -- [242] 83 01 26, 83 01 49, 81 02 12, 81 02 21 FAX -- [242] 83 02 66 established -- 3 December 1975 aim -- to provide loans for economic development members -- (9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) note -- acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico address -- Apartado Postal 772, Tegucigalpa DC, Honduras telephone -- [504] 372230 through 372239, 371184 through 371188 FAX -- [504] 370793 established -- 13 December 1960 aim -- to promote economic integration and development members -- (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua nonregional members -- (4) Argentina, Mexico, Taiwan, Venezuela Central American Common Market (CACM) address -- 4A Avda 10-25, Zona 14, Apdo Postal 1237, 01901 Guatemala City, Guatemala telephone -- [502] (2) 682151 FAX -- [502] (2) 681071 established -- 13 December 1960 effective -- 3 June 1961 aim -- to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market members -- (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua Central European Initiative (CEI) note -- evolved from the Hexagonal Group address -- Chairman of the National Coordinators, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Bem rakpart 47, Budapest II, Hungary established -- 27 July 1991 aim -- to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas members -- (10) Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia associate members -- (4) Bulgaria, Belarus, Romania, Ukraine centrally planned economies a term applied mainly to the traditionally Communist states that looked to the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward more democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as the Second World or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s, this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia Colombo Plan (CP) address -- Colombo Plan Bureau, P.O. Box 596, 12 Melbourne Avenue, Colombo 4, Sri Lanka telephone -- [94] (1) 581813, 581853, 581754 FAX -- [94] (1) 580721 established -- 1 July 1951 aim -- to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific members -- (24) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US Commission for Social Development note -- formerly Social Commission address -- c/o ECOSOC/DPCSD, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA telephone -- [1] (212) 963 2320 FAX -- [1] (212) 963 5935 established -- 21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July 1966 aim -- to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with social development programs of UN members -- (32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice established -- 6 February 1992 aim -- to provide guidance, as part of the Economic and Social Council, on crime prevention and criminal justice members -- (40) selected on a rotating basis from all regions Commission on Human Rights address -- c/o United Nationas Office, Centre for Human Rights, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland telephone -- [41] (22) 917 12 34, 907 12 34 FAX -- [41] (22) 733 32 46 established -- 18 February 1946 aim -- to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with human rights programs of UN members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat) address -- c/o HABITAT, P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya telephone -- [254] (2) 621234 FAX -- [254] (2) 226473, 226479 established -- 12 October 1978 aim -- to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, in solving human settlement problems of UN members -- (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions Commission on Narcotic Drugs address -- c/o International Drug Control Programme, Treaty Implementation and Legal Affairs Division, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria telephone -- [43] (1) 211 310 FAX -- [43] (1) 230 7002 established -- 16 February 1946 aim -- Economic and Social Council organization dealing with illicit drugs programs of UN members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions with emphasis on producing and processing countries Commission on Science and Technology for Development established -- 30 April 1992 aim -- to promote international cooperation, as part of the Economic and Social Council, in the field of science and technology members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions Commission on the Status of Women address -- c/o Economic and Social Council, Affairs Division, Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, Room S-2963, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA established -- 21 June 1946 aim -- to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with women's rights goals of UN members -- (45) selected on a rotating basis from all regions Commission on Sustainable Development established -- 12 February 1993 aim -- to monitor, as part of the Economic and Social Council, implementation of agreements reached at the UN Conference on Environment and Development members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions Commonwealth (C) address -- c/o Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, Pall Mall, London SW1Y5HX, UK telephone -- [44] (71) 839 3411 FAX -- [44] (71) 930 0827 established -- 31 December 1931 aim -- to foster multinational cooperation and assistance, as a voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire members -- (49) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe special members -- (2) Nauru, Tuvalu Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) address -- Kirov Street 17, 220000 Minsk, Belarus telephone -- [7] (172) 293434, 293517 FAX -- [7] (172) 261894, 261944 established -- 8 December 1991 effective -- 21 December 1991 aim -- to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR members -- (12) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEAO) see -- West African Economic Community (CEAO) Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC) see -- Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC) Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL) see -- Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL) Communist countries traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of the original and the successor states are no longer Communist; see centrally planned economies Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) see -- Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN) see -- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Contadora Group (CG) was established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora) to reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America; has evolved into the Rio Group (RG); members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf see -- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM) established in 1949 to control the export of strategic products and technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations; members were Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US; was abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members are working on a new organization with expanded membership which focuses on nonproliferation export controls as opposed to East-West control of advanced technology Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA) note -- also known as CMEA or Comecon established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist economies and was abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan (observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR), Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer), GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer), Yugoslavia (associate) Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU) address -- BP 925100, Amman, Jordan telephone -- [962] (6) 66 43 26, 66 43 27, 66 43 28 FAX -- [962] (6) 66 33 43 established -- 3 June 1957 effective -- 30 May 1964 aim -- to promote economic integration among Arab nations members -- (11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization Council of Europe (CE) address -- Palais de lEurope, F-67075 Strasbourg CEDEX, France telephone -- [33] 88 41 20 00 FAX -- [33] 88 41 27 81, 88 41 27 82 established -- 5 May 1949 effective -- 3 August 1949 aim -- to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe members -- (32) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK guests -- (9) Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Latvia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine observer -- (1) Israel Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) established -- 5 March 1992 aim -- to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and education, and transportation and communication members -- (10) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden Council of the Entente (Entente) address -- BP 3734, Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire telephone -- [225] 33 10 01, 33 28 35 FAX -- [225] 33 11 49 established -- 29 May 1959 aim -- to promote economic, social, and political coordination members -- (5) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo Customs Cooperation Council (CCC) address -- Rue de lIndustrie 26-38, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium telephone -- [32] (2) 508 42 11 FAX -- [32] (2) 508 42 40 established -- 15 December 1950 aim -- to promote international cooperation in customs matters members -- (136) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe developed countries (DCs) the top group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of the mainly democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GDP in excess of $10,000 although four OECD countries and South Africa have figures well under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries have figures of more than $10,000; the 35 DCs are: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US developing countries an imprecise term for the less developed countries with growing economies; see -- less developed countries (LDCs) East African Development Bank (EADB) address -- 4 Nile Avenue, P.O. Box 7128, Kampala, Uganda telephone -- [256] (41) 230021, 230825 FAX -- [256] (41) 259763 established -- 6 June 1967 effective -- 1 December 1967 aim -- to promote economic development members -- (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) address -- United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand telephone -- [66] (2) 2829161 through 2829200, 2829381 through 2829389 FAX -- [66] (2) 2811743 established -- 28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) aim -- to carryout the commitment of the Economic and Social Council of the UN to promote economic development members -- (49) Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa associate members -- (10) American Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) address -- (temporary) P.O. Box 927115, Amman, Jordan telephone -- [962] (6) 694351 FAX -- [962] (6) 694981, 694982 established -- 9 August 1973 as Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA) aim -- to promote economic development as a regional commission for the UN's Economic and Social Council members -- (12 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) address -- United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718 established -- 26 June 1945 effective -- 24 October 1945 aim -- to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five regional commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and 10 functional commissions (see Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women, Population Commission, Statistical Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and Commission on Transnational Corporations) members -- (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) address -- P.O. Box 3001-3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia telephone -- [251] (1) 51 72 00 FAX -- [251] (1) 51 44 16 established -- 29 April 1958 aim -- to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council members -- (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe associate members -- (2) France, UK Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) see -- Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) address -- Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland telephone -- [41] (22) 917 1234, 907 2893 FAX -- [41] (22) 917 0036 established -- 28 March 1947 aim -- to promote economic development as a regional commission of the
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