The 1995 CIA World Factbook

Part 41 out of 45




Electricity:
capacity: 2,440,000 kW
production: 7.8 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 650 kWh (1993)

Industries: copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs,
beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer

Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP and 85% of labor force; crops -
corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco,
cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs

Illicit drugs: increasingly a regional transshipment center for
methaqualone and heroin

Economic aid:
recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $4.8 billion;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-89), $4.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $533 million

Currency: 1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee

Exchange rates: Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1 - 672.8 (September 1994),
434.78 (1993), 156.25 (1992), 61.7284 (1991), 28.9855 (1990)

Fiscal year: calendar year

@Zambia:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 1,273 km
narrow gauge: 1,273 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)
note: not a part of Zambia Railways is the Tanzania-Zambia Railway
Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge
track between Dar es Salaam and New Kapiri M'poshi where it connects
to the Zambia Railways system; 891 km of the TAZARA line transit
Zambia

Highways:
total: 36,370 km
paved: 6,500 km
unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 7,000 km; improved,
unimproved earth 22,870 km

Inland waterways: 2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula Rivers, Lake
Tanganyika

Pipelines: crude oil 1,724 km

Ports: Mpulungu

Airports:
total: 113
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4
with paved runways under 914 m: 39
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 4
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 57

@Zambia:Communications

Telephone system: NA telephones; facilities are among the best in
Sub-Saharan Africa
local: NA
intercity: high capacity micrwave radio relay connects most larger
towns and cities
international: 2 INTELSAT earth stations (1 Indian Ocean and 1
Atlantic Ocean)

Radio:
broadcast stations: AM 11, FM 5, shortwave 0
radios: NA

Television:
broadcast stations: 9
televisions: NA

@Zambia:Defense Forces

Branches: Army, Air Force, Police

Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,953,967; males fit for
military service 1,028,113 (1995 est.)

Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $45 million, 1.4% of
GDP (1994)


________________________________________________________________________

ZIMBABWE

@Zimbabwe:Geography

Location: Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana

Map references: Africa

Area:
total area: 390,580 sq km
land area: 386,670 sq km
comparative area: slightly larger than Montana

Land boundaries: total 3,066 km, Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km,
South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

International disputes: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia
is in disagreement

Climate: tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to
March)

Terrain: mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld);
mountains in east

Natural resources: coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper,
iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals

Land use:
arable land: 7.25%
permanent crops: 0.25% (coffee is a permanent crop)
meadows and pastures: 12.5%
forest and woodland: 49%
other: 31%

Irrigated land: 2,250 sq km (1993 est.)

Environment:
current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and
water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest
concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly
reduced by poaching
natural hazards: recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare

international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed,
but not ratified - Desertification

Note: landlocked

@Zimbabwe:People

Population: 11,139,961 (July 1995 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 47% (female 2,588,193; male 2,617,485)
15-64 years: 51% (female 2,915,697; male 2,723,511)
65 years and over: 2% (female 151,635; male 143,440) (July 1995 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.78% (1995 est.)

Birth rate: 36.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Death rate: 18.54 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
note: following the settlement of hostilities in Mozambique in 1992,
refugees from the fighting there began to return to their homes; this
process continues at a lesser rate in 1995; there is a small but
steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid
employment

Infant mortality rate: 72.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 41.35 years
male: 39.73 years
female: 43.01 years (1995 est.)

Total fertility rate: 4.93 children born/woman (1995 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Zimbabwean(s)
adjective: Zimbabwean

Ethnic divisions: African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%),
white 1%, mixed and Asian 1%

Religions: syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%,
Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%

Languages: English (official), Shona, Sindebele

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982)
total population: 78%
male: 84%
female: 72%

Labor force: 3.1 million
by occupation: agriculture 74%, transport and services 16%, mining,
manufacturing, construction 10% (1987)

@Zimbabwe:Government

Names:
conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe
conventional short form: Zimbabwe
former: Southern Rhodesia

Digraph: ZI

Type: parliamentary democracy

Capital: Harare

Administrative divisions: 8 provinces; Manicaland, Mashonaland
Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo (Victoria),
Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands

Independence: 18 April 1980 (from UK)

National holiday: Independence Day, 18 April (1980)

Constitution: 21 December 1979

Legal system: mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
chief of state and head of government: Executive President Robert
Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Simon
Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Joshua M.
NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); election last held 28-30 March 1990 (next
to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE
21.7%
cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president; responsible to
Parliament

Legislative branch: unicameral
Parliament: elections last held 8-9 April 1995 (next to be held NA
March 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150
total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 118, ZANU-S 2

Judicial branch: Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders: Zimbabwe African National
Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert MUGABE; Zimbabwe African
National Union-Sithole (ZANU-S), Ndabaningi SITHOLE; Zimbabwe Unity
Movement (ZUM), Edgar TEKERE; Democratic Party (DP), Emmanuel MAGOCHE;
Forum Party of Zimbabwe, Enock DUMBUTSHENA; United Parties, Abel
MUZOREWA

Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN,
UNAMIR, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZI
chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100
FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326

US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador Johnny CARSON
embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare
mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare
telephone: [263] (4) 794521
FAX: [263] (4) 796488

Flag: seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red,
yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black
based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a
red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle

@Zimbabwe:Economy

Overview: Agriculture employs three-fourths of the labor force and
supplies almost 40% of exports. The manufacturing sector, based on
agriculture and mining, produces a variety of goods and contributes
35% to GDP. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment,
but minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Severe
drought caused GDP to drop 8% in 1992, with growth rebounding to 2% in
1993 and 3.5% in 1994. Despite the lingering effects of the drought on
economic and social conditions, the government is continuing to push
its IMF/World Bank structural adjustment program aimed at encouraging
exports and foreign investment.

National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $17.4 billion (1994
est.)

National product real growth rate: 3.5% (1994 est.)

National product per capita: $1,580 (1994 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22% (December 1994 est.)

Unemployment rate: at least 45% (1994 est.)

Budget:
revenues: $1.7 billion
expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $253
million (FY92/93)

Exports: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
commodities: agricultural 35% (tobacco 30%, other 5%), manufactures
25%, gold 12%, ferrochrome 10%, textiles 8% (1992)
partners: UK 14%, Germany 11%, South Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 5%
(1991)

Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.)
commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 41%, other
manufactures 23%, chemicals 16%, fuels 12% (1991)
partners: South Africa 25%, UK 15%, Germany 9%, US 6%, Japan 5% (1991)

External debt: $3.5 billion (December 1992 est.)

Industrial production: growth rate 2.3% (1992); accounts for 35% of
GDP

Electricity:
capacity: 2,040,000 kW
production: 9 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 913 kWh (1993)

Industries: mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals,
foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood
products

Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP; 40% of land area divided into
4,500 large commercial farms and 42% in communal lands; crops - corn
(food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts;
livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; self-sufficient in food

Economic aid: NA

Currency: 1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates: Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 - 8.3752 (January
1995), 8.1500 (1994), 6.4725 (1993), 5.1046 (1992), 3.4282 (1991),
2.4480 (1990)

Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June

@Zimbabwe:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 2,745 km
narrow gauge: 2,745 km 1.067-m gauge (355 km electrified; 42 km double
track)

Highways:
total: 85,237 km
paved: 15,800 km
unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 39,090 km; improved
earth 23,097 km; unimproved earth 7,250 km

Inland waterways: Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication

Pipelines: petroleum products 212 km

Ports: Binga, Kariba

Airports:
total: 471
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 13
with paved runways under 914 m: 222
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 223

@Zimbabwe:Communications

Telephone system: 247,000 telephones; system was once one of the best
in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance
local: NA
intercity: consists of microwave links, open-wire lines, and radio
communications stations
international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station

Radio:
broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 18, shortwave 0
radios: NA

Television:
broadcast stations: 8
televisions: NA

@Zimbabwe:Defense Forces

Branches: Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police)

Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,435,931; males fit for
military service 1,514,068 (1995 est.)

Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $175 million, 3.1% of
GDP (FY94/95)


________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX B

Abbreviations for International Organizations and Groups

Note: Not all international organizations and groups have
abbreviations.

A

ABEDA -- Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa

ACC -- Arab Cooperation Council

ACCT -- Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique; see Agency
for Cultural and Technical Cooperation

ACP -- African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries

AfDB -- African Development Bank

AFESD -- Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development

AG -- Andean Group

AL -- Arab League

ALADI -- Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion; see Latin
American Integration Association (LAIA)

AMF -- Arab Monetary Fund

AMU -- Arab Maghreb Union

ANZUS -- Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty

APEC -- Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

AsDB -- Asian Development Bank

ASEAN -- Association of Southeast Asian Nations

B

BAD -- Banque Africaine de Developpement; see African Development
Bank (AfDB)

BADEA -- Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique; see
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)

BCIE -- Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico; see
Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)

BDEAC -- Banque de Developpment des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale;
see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)

Benelux -- Benelux Economic Union

BID -- Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo; see Inter-American
Development Bank (IADB)

BIS -- Bank for International Settlements

BOAD -- Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement; see West African
Development Bank (WADB)

BSEC -- Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone

C

C -- Commonwealth

CACM -- Central American Common Market

CAEU -- Council of Arab Economic Unity

CARICOM -- Caribbean Community and Common Market

CBSS -- Council of the Baltic Sea States

CCC -- Customs Cooperation Council

CDB -- Caribbean Development Bank

CE -- Council of Europe

CEAO -- Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest; see West
African Economic Community (CEAO)

CEEAC -- Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale;
see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)

CEI -- Central European Initiative

CEMA -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEA
or Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991

CEPGL -- Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs; see
Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)

CERN -- Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire; see European
Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

CG -- Contadora Group

CIS -- Commonwealth of Independent States

CMEA -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known
as Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991

COCOM -- Coordinating Committee on Export Controls

Comecon -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also
known as CMEA; abolished 1 January 1991

CP -- Colombo Plan

CSCE -- Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe

D

DC -- developed country

E

EADB -- East African Development Bank

EBRD -- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EC -- European Community; see European Union (EU)

ECA -- Economic Commission for Africa

ECAFE -- Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; see
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

ECE -- Economic Commission for Europe

ECLA -- Economic Commission for Latin America; see Economic
Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

ECLAC -- Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

ECO -- Economic Cooperation Organization

ECOSOC -- Economic and Social Council

ECOWAS -- Economic Community of West African States

ECSC -- European Coal and Steel Community

ECWA -- Economic Commission for Western Asia; see Economic and
Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)

EEC -- European Economic Community

EFTA -- European Free Trade Association

EIB -- European Investment Bank

Entente -- Council of the Entente

ESA -- European Space Agency

ESCAP -- Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ESCWA -- Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

EU -- European Union

Euratom -- European Atomic Energy Community

F

FAO -- Food and Agriculture Organization

FLS -- Front Line States

FZ -- Franc Zone

G

G-2 -- Group of 2

G-3 -- Group of 3

G-5 -- Group of 5

G-6 -- Group of 6 (not to be confused with the Big Six)

G-7 -- Group of 7

G-8 -- Group of 8

G-9 -- Group of 9

G-10 -- Group of 10

G-11 -- Group of 11

G-15 -- Group of 15

G-19 -- Group of 19

G-24 -- Group of 24

G-30 -- Group of 30

G-33 -- Group of 33

G-77 -- Group of 77

GATT -- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GCC -- Gulf Cooperation Council

H

Habitat -- Commission on Human Settlements

I

IADB -- Inter-American Development Bank

IAEA -- International Atomic Energy Agency

IBEC -- International Bank for Economic Cooperation

IBRD -- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ICAO -- International Civil Aviation Organization

ICC -- International Chamber of Commerce

ICEM -- Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration; see
International Organization for Migration (IOM)

ICFTU -- International Confederation of Free Trade Unions

ICJ -- International Court of Justice

ICM -- Intergovernmental Committee for Migration; see
International Organization for Migration (IOM)

ICRC -- International Committee of the Red Cross

ICRM -- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

IDA -- International Development Association

IDB -- Islamic Development Bank

IEA -- International Energy Agency

IFAD -- International Fund for Agricultural Development

IFC -- International Finance Corporation

IFCTU -- International Federation of Christian Trade Unions

IFRCS -- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies

IGADD -- Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development

IIB -- International Investment Bank

ILO -- International Labor Organization

IMCO -- Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization; see
International Maritime Organization (IMO)

IMF -- International Monetary Fund

IMO -- International Maritime Organization

INMARSAT -- International Maritime Satellite Organization

INTELSAT -- International Telecommunications Satellite
Organization

INTERPOL -- International Criminal Police Organization

IOC -- International Olympic Committee

IOM -- International Organization for Migration

ISO -- International Organization for Standardization

ITU -- International Telecommunication Union

L

LAES -- Latin American Economic System

LAIA -- Latin American Integration Association

LAS -- League of Arab States; see Arab League (AL)

LDC -- less developed country

LLDC -- least developed country

LORCS -- League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

M

MERCOSUR -- Mercado Comun del Cono Sur; see Southern Cone Common
Market

MINURSO -- United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western
Sahara

MTCR -- Missile Technology Control Regime

N

NACC -- North Atlantic Cooperation Council

NAM -- Nonaligned Movement

NATO -- North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NC -- Nordic Council

NEA -- Nuclear Energy Agency

NIB -- Nordic Investment Bank

NIC -- newly industrializing country; see newly industrializing
economy (NIE)

NIE -- newly industrializing economy

NSG -- Nuclear Suppliers Group

O

OAPEC -- Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries

OAS -- Organization of American States

OAU -- Organization of African Unity

OECD -- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OECS -- Organization of Eastern Caribbean States

OIC -- Organization of the Islamic Conference

ONUMOZ -- see UNOMOZ

ONUSAL -- United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador

OPANAL -- Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en
la America Latina y el Caribe; see Agency for the Prohibition of
Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean

OPEC -- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OSCE -- Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe

P

PCA -- Permanent Court of Arbitration

PFP -- Partnership for Peace

R

RG -- Rio Group

S

SAARC -- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

SACU -- Southern African Customs Union

SADC -- Southern African Development Community

SADCC -- Southern African Development Coordination Conference

SELA -- Sistema Economico Latinoamericana; see Latin American
Economic System (LAES)

SPARTECA -- South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation
Agreement

SPC -- South Pacific Commission

SPF -- South Pacific Forum

U

UDEAC -- Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale; see
Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)

UN -- United Nations

UNAVEM II -- United Nations Angola Verification Mission

UNAMIR -- United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda

UNCTAD -- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDOF -- United Nations Disengagement Observer Force

UNDP -- United Nations Development Program

UNEP -- United Nations Environment Program

UNESCO -- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization

UNFICYP -- United Nations Force in Cyprus

UNFPA -- United Nations Fund for Population Activities; see UN
Population Fund (UNFPA)

UNHCR -- United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for
Refugees

UNICEF -- United Nations Children's Fund

UNIDO -- United Nations Industrial Development Organization

UNIFIL -- United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

UNIKOM -- United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission

UNITAR -- United Nations Institute for Training and Research

UNMIH -- United Nations Mission in Haiti

UNMOGIP -- United Nations Military Observer Group in India and
Pakistan

UNOMIG -- United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia

UNOMIL -- United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia

UNOMOZ -- United Nations Operation in Mozambique

UNOMUR -- United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (ONUMOZ)

UNOSOM -- United Nations Operation in Somalia

UNPROFOR -- United Nations Protection Force

UNRISD -- United Nations Research Institute for Social Development

UNRWA -- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
Refugees in the Near East

UNTAC -- United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia

UNTSO -- United Nations Truce Supervision Organization

UNU -- United Nations University

UPU -- Universal Postal Union

USSR/EE -- USSR/Eastern Europe

W

WADB -- West African Development Bank

WCL -- World Confederation of Labor

WEU -- Western European Union

WFC -- World Food Council

WFP -- World Food Program

WFTU -- World Federation of Trade Unions

WHO -- World Health Organization

WIPO -- World Intellectual Property Organization

WMO -- World Meteorological Organization

WP -- Warsaw Pact (members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the
alliance)

WTO -- see WToO

WToO -- World Tourism Organization

WTrO -- World Trade Organization (will be added in The World
Factbook 1996)

Z

ZC -- Zangger Committee


________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX C

International Organizations and Groups

Note: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has
dissolved and ceases to exist. None of the successor states of the
former Yugoslavia, including Serbia and Montenegro, have been
permitted to participate solely on the basis of the membership of the
former Yugoslavia in the United Nations General Assembly and Economic
and Social Council and their subsidiary bodies and in various United
Nations specialized agencies. The United Nations, however, permits the
seat and nameplate of the SFRY to remain, permits the SFRY mission to
continue to function, and continues to fly the flag of the former
Yugoslavia. For a variety of reasons, a number of other organizations
have not yet taken action with regard to the membership of the former
Yugoslavia. The World Factbook therefore continues to list Yugoslavia
under international organizations where the SFRY seat remains or where
no action has yet been taken.

advanced developing countries

another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with
particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing
economies (NIEs)

African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)

address -- Avenue Georges Henri 451, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

telephone -- [32] (2) 733 96 00

FAX -- [32] (2) 735 55 73

established -- 1 April 1976

aim -- to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with
the EU

members -- (70) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire,
Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho,
Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and
Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia,
Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia,
Zimbabwe

African Development Bank (AfDB)

note -- also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)

address -- 01 BP 1387, Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire

telephone -- [225] 20 44 44

FAX -- [225] 21 77 53, 20 49 01, 20 49 09

established -- 4 August 1963

aim -- to promote economic and social development

regional members -- (51) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina,
Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,
Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,
Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao
Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

nonregional members -- (26) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,
Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan,
South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia

Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique (ACCT)

see -- Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)

Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)

note -- acronym from Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique

address -- 13 quai Andre-Citroen, F-75015 Paris, France

telephone -- [33] (1) 44 37 33 00

FAX -- [33] (1) 45 79 14 98

established -- 21 March 1970

aim -- to promote cultural and technical cooperation among
French-speaking countries

members -- (37) Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon,
Guinea, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius,
Monaco, Niger, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo, Tunisia,
Vanuatu, Vietnam, Zaire

associate members -- (5) Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco,
Saint Lucia

participating governments -- (2) New Brunswick (Canada), Quebec
(Canada)

Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the

Caribbean (OPANAL)

note -- acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas
Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)

address -- Temistocles 78, Col Polanco, CP 011560, Mexico City 5 DF,
Mexico

telephone -- [52] (5) 280 4923, 280 5064

FAX -- [52] (5) 280 2965

established -- 14 February 1967

aim -- to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit
nuclear weapons

members -- (28) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela

Andean Group (AG)

address -- c\o JUNAC, Paseo de la Republica 3895, Casilla 18-1177,
Lima 27, Peru

telephone -- [51] (14) 414212

FAX -- [51] (14) 420911

established -- 26 May 1969

effective -- 16 October 1969

aim -- to promote harmonious development through economic integration

members -- (5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

associate member -- (1) Panama

observers -- (26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,
Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India,
Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Paraguay, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK, US, Uruguay, Yugoslavia

Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)

note -- also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en
Afrique (BADEA)

address -- Sayed Abdel Rahman El Mahdi Avenue, P.O. Box 2640,
Khartoum, Sudan

telephone -- [249] (11) 73646, 73498, 73709

FAX -- [249] (11) 70600

established -- 18 February 1974

effective -- 16 September 1974

aim -- to promote economic development

members -- (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania,
Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE,
Palestine Liberation Organization; note - these are all the members of
the Arab League except for Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia, and Yemen

Arab Cooperation Council (ACC)

established -- 16 February 1989

aim -- to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly
leading to an Arab Common Market

members -- (4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen

Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)

address -- P.O. Box 21923, Safat 13080, Kuwait

telephone -- [965] 2451580, 2451588

FAX -- [965] 2416758

established -- 16 May 1968

aim -- to promote economic and social development

members -- (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt (suspended from 1979 to 1988), Iraq, Jordan,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine
Liberation Organization

Arab League (AL)

note -- also known as League of Arab States (LAS)

address -- Midan Attahrir, Tahrir Square, P.O. Box 11642, Cairo, Egypt

telephone -- [20] (2) 750 511

FAX -- [20] (2) 740 331

established -- 22 March 1945

aim -- to promote economic, social, political, and military
cooperation

members -- (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan,
Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization

Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)

address -- 27 avenue Okba Agdal, Rabat, Morocco

established -- 17 February 1989

aim -- to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of
northern Africa

members -- (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia

Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)

address -- P.O. Box 2818, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

telephone -- [971] (2) 215000

FAX -- [971] (2) 326454

established -- 27 April 1976

effective -- 2 February 1977

aim -- to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in
monetary and economic affairs

members -- (19 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,
Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania,
Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia,
UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

address -- Ministry of Trade and Industry, Public Relations, 8 Shenton
Way No 48-01, Treasury Building, Singapore, Singapore

established -- 7 November 1989

aim -- to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin

members -- (18) all ASEAN members (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) plus Australia, Canada, Chile,
China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea,
Taiwan, US

observers -- (3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific
Economic Cooperation Conference, South Pacific Forum

Asian Development Bank (AsDB)

address -- 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong, METRO Manila, Philippines

telephone -- [63] (2) 711 3851

FAX -- [63] (2) 741 7961, 631 6816

established -- 19 December 1966

aim -- to promote regional economic cooperation

regional members -- (40) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga,
Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa

nonregional members -- (16) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US

Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)

see -- Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

address -- Jalan Sisingamangaraja 70A, Kebayoran Baru, P.O. Box 2072,
Jakarta 12110, Indonesia

telephone -- [62] (21) 71 22 72, 71 19 88

FAX -- [62] (21) 739 82 34

established -- 9 August 1967

aim -- to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural
cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia

members -- (6) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand

observers -- (3) Laos, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam

Australia Group

established -- 1984

aim -- to consult on and coordinate export controls related to
chemical and biological weapons

members -- (28) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US

observer -- (1) Singapore

Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)

address -- c/o Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Bag 8, Queen
Victoria Terrace, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia

telephone -- [61] (62) 61 91 11

FAX -- [61] (62) 61 21 51

established -- 1 September 1951

effective -- 29 April 1952

aim -- to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although
the US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986

members -- (3) Australia, NZ, US

Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico (BCIE)

see -- Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)

Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)

see -- Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

address -- Centralbahnplatz 2, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (61) 280 80 80

FAX -- [41] (61) 280 91 00

established -- 20 January 1930

effective -- 17 March 1930

aim -- to promote cooperation among central banks in international
financial settlements

members -- (33) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia

Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)

see -- African Development Bank (AfDB)

Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)

see -- Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)

Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (BDEAC)

see -- Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)

Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)

see -- West African Development Bank (WADB)

Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)

note -- acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg

address -- Rue de la Regence 39, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium

telephone -- [32] (2) 519 38 11

FAX -- [32] (2) 513 42 06

established -- 3 February 1958

effective -- 1 November 1960

aim -- to develop closer economic cooperation and integration

members -- (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands

Big Seven

note -- membership is the same as the Group of 7

established -- NA 1975

aim -- to discuss and coordinate major economic policies

members -- (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK)
plus the US

Big Six

note -- not to be confused with the Group of 6

established -- NA 1967

aim -- to foster economic cooperation

members -- (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK

Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)

established -- 25 June 1992

aim -- to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation

members -- (11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia,
Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine

observer -- (1) Poland

Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)

address -- CARICOM, P.O. Box 10827, Bank of Guyana Building, 3rd
floor, Avenue of the Republic, Georgetown, Guyana

telephone -- [592] (2) 69281 through 69289

FAX -- [592] (2) 66091, 67816, 57341

established -- 4 July 1973

effective -- 1 August 1973

aim -- to promote economic integration and development, especially
among the less developed countries

members -- (14) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,
Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago

associate members -- (2) British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos
Islands

observers -- (9) Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Dominican
Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Venezuela

Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)

address -- P.O. Box 408, Wildey, St. Michael, Barbados

telephone -- [1] (809) 431 1600

FAX -- [1] (809) 426 7269

established -- 18 October 1969

effective -- 26 January 1970

aim -- to promote economic development and cooperation

regional members -- (20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia,
Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and
Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela

nonregional members -- (5) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK

Cartagena Group

see -- Group of 11

Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)

note -- acronym from Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique
Centrale

address -- BP 969, Bangui, Central African Republic

telephone -- [236] 61 09 22, 61 45 77

FAX -- [236] 61 21 35

established -- 8 December 1964

effective -- 1 January 1966

aim -- to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market

members -- (6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon

Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)

note -- acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique
Centrale

address -- BDEAC, Place du Gouvernement, BP 1177, Brazzaville, Congo

telephone -- [242] 83 01 26, 83 01 49, 81 02 12, 81 02 21

FAX -- [242] 83 02 66

established -- 3 December 1975

aim -- to provide loans for economic development

members -- (9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo,
Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait

Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)

note -- acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico

address -- Apartado Postal 772, Tegucigalpa DC, Honduras

telephone -- [504] 372230 through 372239, 371184 through 371188

FAX -- [504] 370793

established -- 13 December 1960

aim -- to promote economic integration and development

members -- (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua

nonregional members -- (4) Argentina, Mexico, Taiwan, Venezuela

Central American Common Market (CACM)

address -- 4A Avda 10-25, Zona 14, Apdo Postal 1237, 01901 Guatemala
City, Guatemala

telephone -- [502] (2) 682151

FAX -- [502] (2) 681071

established -- 13 December 1960

effective -- 3 June 1961

aim -- to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market

members -- (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua

Central European Initiative (CEI)

note -- evolved from the Hexagonal Group

address -- Chairman of the National Coordinators, Ministry for Foreign
Affairs, Bem rakpart 47, Budapest II, Hungary

established -- 27 July 1991

aim -- to form an economic and political cooperation group for the
region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas

members -- (10) Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Hungary, Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia

associate members -- (4) Bulgaria, Belarus, Romania, Ukraine

centrally planned economies

a term applied mainly to the traditionally Communist states that
looked to the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward
more democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as
the Second World or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s,
this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba,
Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland,
Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia

Colombo Plan (CP)

address -- Colombo Plan Bureau, P.O. Box 596, 12 Melbourne Avenue,
Colombo 4, Sri Lanka

telephone -- [94] (1) 581813, 581853, 581754

FAX -- [94] (1) 580721

established -- 1 July 1951

aim -- to promote economic and social development in Asia and the
Pacific

members -- (24) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma,
Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos,
Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US

Commission for Social Development

note -- formerly Social Commission

address -- c/o ECOSOC/DPCSD, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 2320

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 5935

established -- 21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July
1966

aim -- to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with
social development programs of UN

members -- (32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

established -- 6 February 1992

aim -- to provide guidance, as part of the Economic and Social
Council, on crime prevention and criminal justice

members -- (40) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Commission on Human Rights

address -- c/o United Nationas Office, Centre for Human Rights, Palais
des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 917 12 34, 907 12 34

FAX -- [41] (22) 733 32 46

established -- 18 February 1946

aim -- to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with
human rights programs of UN

members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)

address -- c/o HABITAT, P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya

telephone -- [254] (2) 621234

FAX -- [254] (2) 226473, 226479

established -- 12 October 1978

aim -- to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, in
solving human settlement problems of UN

members -- (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Commission on Narcotic Drugs

address -- c/o International Drug Control Programme, Treaty
Implementation and Legal Affairs Division, P.O. Box 500, A-1400
Vienna, Austria

telephone -- [43] (1) 211 310

FAX -- [43] (1) 230 7002

established -- 16 February 1946

aim -- Economic and Social Council organization dealing with illicit
drugs programs of UN

members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions with
emphasis on producing and processing countries

Commission on Science and Technology for Development

established -- 30 April 1992

aim -- to promote international cooperation, as part of the Economic
and Social Council, in the field of science and technology

members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Commission on the Status of Women

address -- c/o Economic and Social Council, Affairs Division,
Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, Room
S-2963, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

established -- 21 June 1946

aim -- to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with
women's rights goals of UN

members -- (45) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Commission on Sustainable Development

established -- 12 February 1993

aim -- to monitor, as part of the Economic and Social Council,
implementation of agreements reached at the UN Conference on
Environment and Development

members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Commonwealth (C)

address -- c/o Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, Pall Mall,
London SW1Y5HX, UK

telephone -- [44] (71) 839 3411

FAX -- [44] (71) 930 0827

established -- 31 December 1931

aim -- to foster multinational cooperation and assistance, as a
voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire

members -- (49) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus,
Dominica, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya,
Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius,
Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu,
Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

special members -- (2) Nauru, Tuvalu

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

address -- Kirov Street 17, 220000 Minsk, Belarus

telephone -- [7] (172) 293434, 293517

FAX -- [7] (172) 261894, 261944

established -- 8 December 1991

effective -- 21 December 1991

aim -- to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a
mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR

members -- (12) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan

Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEAO)

see -- West African Economic Community (CEAO)

Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC)

see -- Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)

Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL)

see -- Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)

Communist countries

traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian
governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of
the original and the successor states are no longer Communist; see
centrally planned economies

Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)

see -- Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN)

see -- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

Contadora Group (CG)

was established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora)
to reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America; has evolved into
the Rio Group (RG); members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama,
Venezuela

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

see -- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM)

established in 1949 to control the export of strategic products and
technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations;
members were Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Spain, Turkey, UK, US; was abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members are
working on a new organization with expanded membership which focuses
on nonproliferation export controls as opposed to East-West control of
advanced technology

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA)

note -- also known as CMEA or Comecon established 25 January 1949 to
promote the development of socialist economies and was abolished 1
January 1991; members included Afghanistan (observer), Albania (had
not participated since 1961 break with USSR), Angola (observer),
Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer), GDR, Hungary,
Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua
(observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer),
Yugoslavia (associate)

Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)

address -- BP 925100, Amman, Jordan

telephone -- [962] (6) 66 43 26, 66 43 27, 66 43 28

FAX -- [962] (6) 66 33 43

established -- 3 June 1957

effective -- 30 May 1964

aim -- to promote economic integration among Arab nations

members -- (11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt,
Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE,
Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization

Council of Europe (CE)

address -- Palais de lEurope, F-67075 Strasbourg CEDEX, France

telephone -- [33] 88 41 20 00

FAX -- [33] 88 41 27 81, 88 41 27 82

established -- 5 May 1949

effective -- 3 August 1949

aim -- to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe

members -- (32) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK

guests -- (9) Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Latvia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Russia,
Ukraine

observer -- (1) Israel

Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)

established -- 5 March 1992

aim -- to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas
of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development,
humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and
education, and transportation and communication

members -- (10) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,
Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden

Council of the Entente (Entente)

address -- BP 3734, Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire

telephone -- [225] 33 10 01, 33 28 35

FAX -- [225] 33 11 49

established -- 29 May 1959

aim -- to promote economic, social, and political coordination

members -- (5) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo

Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)

address -- Rue de lIndustrie 26-38, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium

telephone -- [32] (2) 508 42 11

FAX -- [32] (2) 508 42 40

established -- 15 December 1950

aim -- to promote international cooperation in customs matters

members -- (136) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,
Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus,
Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,
Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon,
The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,
Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South
Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,
Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,
Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

developed countries (DCs)

the top group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former
USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries
(LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of the mainly
democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European
ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the
North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GDP in excess
of $10,000 although four OECD countries and South Africa have figures
well under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries have figures
of more than $10,000; the 35 DCs are: Andorra, Australia, Austria,
Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ,
Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US

developing countries

an imprecise term for the less developed countries with growing
economies;

see -- less developed countries (LDCs)

East African Development Bank (EADB)

address -- 4 Nile Avenue, P.O. Box 7128, Kampala, Uganda

telephone -- [256] (41) 230021, 230825

FAX -- [256] (41) 259763

established -- 6 June 1967

effective -- 1 December 1967

aim -- to promote economic development

members -- (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

address -- United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200,
Thailand

telephone -- [66] (2) 2829161 through 2829200, 2829381 through 2829389

FAX -- [66] (2) 2811743

established -- 28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the
Far East (ECAFE)

aim -- to carryout the commitment of the Economic and Social Council
of the UN to promote economic development

members -- (49) Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea,
South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands,
NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga, Turkmenistan,
Tuvalu, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa

associate members -- (10) American Samoa, Cook Islands, French
Polynesia, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern
Mariana Islands, Palau

Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)

address -- (temporary) P.O. Box 927115, Amman, Jordan

telephone -- [962] (6) 694351

FAX -- [962] (6) 694981, 694982

established -- 9 August 1973 as Economic Commission for Western Asia
(ECWA)

aim -- to promote economic development as a regional commission for
the UN's Economic and Social Council

members -- (12 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Bahrain,
Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

address -- United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718

established -- 26 June 1945

effective -- 24 October 1945

aim -- to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes
five regional commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa,
Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America
and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the
Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and 10
functional commissions (see Commission for Social Development,
Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission
on the Status of Women, Population Commission, Statistical Commission,
Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on
Sustainable Development, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal
Justice, and Commission on Transnational Corporations)

members -- (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)

address -- P.O. Box 3001-3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

telephone -- [251] (1) 51 72 00

FAX -- [251] (1) 51 44 16

established -- 29 April 1958

aim -- to promote economic development as a regional commission of the
UN's Economic and Social Council

members -- (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo,
Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and
Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia,
Zimbabwe

associate members -- (2) France, UK

Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)

see -- Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)

address -- Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 917 1234, 907 2893

FAX -- [41] (22) 917 0036

established -- 28 March 1947

aim -- to promote economic development as a regional commission of the


 


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